CropCoefficienttoadapt forClimateChangeimpact on ... · Climate Change is a Global issue!As the...
Transcript of CropCoefficienttoadapt forClimateChangeimpact on ... · Climate Change is a Global issue!As the...
Elisa Guerra, Francesca Ventura - University of BolognaRichard L. Snyder - University of California, Davis
Crop Coefficient to adaptfor Climate Change impact on Evapotranspiration
Climate Change is a Global issue! As the water available for agriculture becomes limiting due to population growth, competition from other water users, drought and water quality degradation, water use efficiency is primary important.
Evapotranspiration (ET) - the process by which water is directly lost from soil evaporation (E) and transpiration(T) from the surfaces of plants -is a major component of water use in agriculture.
Introduction
(http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/news/water-management.html)
ET= Radiation + Aerodynamic
3/18
The Penman-Monteith Equation
( ) ( )
++∆
−+−∆=
−
a
c
aspan
r
r
reecGRE
1
1
γ
ρλ
How to compute Kc values?
4/18
Calculate ETo
Single Kc method Dual Kc method
ETc = Kc * ETo
Goal of this study?
Developing a Crop Coefficient Model in order to calculate ETo for computing actual ETc and possible ETc for hypothetical futureclimate conditions.
5/18
Model Description:Crop distinction
6/18
NN°°°°°°°° TYPETYPE
11 Seasonal field cropsSeasonal field crops
22 Annual field cropsAnnual field crops
33 TreesTrees and and vinesvines
44 Subtropical treesSubtropical trees
7
Type 1- Field & Row Crops
75%
10%
SEN
E
7/18
70% SEN
8/18
Deciduous Orchard & Vine Crops
Crop info
9/18
Irrigation frequency
ExampleExample ((CornCorn): ): Depletion maxDepletion max = 150 mm= 150 mm
Field Crops & Trees
10/18
Wetted area surface
11/18
Immature crops and cover crops contribution
12/18
Correction for climateeffect on mid-season
Kc
1-3 m/sLight to moderate wind
> 5.0 m/sStrong wind
3-5 m/sModerate to strong
wind
< 1.0 m/sLight wind
Mean monthly windspeed at 2 m
Description
13/18
( ) ( )[ ]3.0
2 345004.0204.0
−−−+= cnctabcmid
hRHuKK
Fao Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 “Crop evapotranspiration – Guidelines for computing crop water requirements”.
Kc curve: rainfall and irrigation effects
Maize; full sprinkler irrigation 14/18
Daily ETc curve
Maize; full sprinkler irrigation15/18
Cumulative ETc curves
Maize; full sprinkler irrigation.
..Next steps!
• Validation of the model with field data for wheat: data collected from “Modified”weather conditions (CRA, Bari).
• Test the model with measured data of stomatal resistance (rs), from plants grownon higher CO2 concentration.
17/18
..Thank you!
Literature & Websites
A. J. Bloom, Global Climate Change, Convergence of Disciplines
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. 1998. “Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements.” Irrig. & Drain. Paper No. 56, United Nations, FAO, Rome.
Cayan, D. Luers, A.L., Hanemann, M. and Franco, G. 2006. Scenarios of climate change in California: An overview. California Energy Commission, CEC-500-2005-186-SF
CChaouche, K. Neppel, L., Dieulin, C., Pujol, N., Ladouche, B., Martin, E., Salas, D., Caballero, Y. 2010. Analyses of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration in a French Mediterranean region in the context of climate change. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 342, 3:234-243.
Prentice I, Farquhar G, Fasham M, Goulden M, Heinmann M, et al. 2001. The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. In Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contributions of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. JT Houghton, Y Ding, DJ Griggs, M Noguer, PJ van der Linden, et al., pp. 183–238. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
Long, S.P., Ainsworth, E.A., Rogers, A. and Ort, D.R. 2004. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: plants FACE the future. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 55, 591-628.
Roderick and Farquhar 2002. The cause of decreased pan evaporation over the past 50 years. Science 298: 1410-1411.
Snyder, R.L., and Pruitt, W.O. 1992. Evapotranspiration Data Management in California, Proc., Water Forum '92 - Irrig. & Drain. Session, ASCE, New York, N.Y.
http://www.epa.gov/
http://www.fao.org/
http://micrometeorology.unl.edu/
http://biomet.ucdavis.edu/
18/18