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Crop water productivity mapping using remote sensing and secondary data in the nile basin, midterm...
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Crop Water Productivity Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Secondary Data in the Nile Basin
Poolad Karimi
Addis AbabaNILE BFP midterm workshop
07 April 2009
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Introduction
• Rapid increase in agricultural production will be required to keep pace with future food and fiber demands.
– This can be achieved by bringing more area under agriculture or
– by increasing the yields using similar or even reduced water resources (e.g., increasing productivity of water).
• Considering that:– Land and water resources are already reached their exploitation limits or are
over exploited in many river basins; and
– There is increasing competition for water among sectors.
• The option of increasing agricultural production using same or less water resources is the most appropriate one.
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Water productivity mapping:METHODOLOGY
nConsumptio
BenefitWP
(Molden 1997)
MODIS-TERRA 1000m
MODIS-TERRA 250m NDVI time series
SRTM 90m DEMSub-catchmentBoundaries
Land Use Land CoverMap
Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration ETa
Administrative/districtmaps and agricultural statistics
Meteorological Data
Image Classification
Topographic/ GIS Analysis
Energy Balance Analysis
Land use wise sub-catchment Actual Evapotranspiration ETa
Land use wise sub-catchment Gross Value of Production (GVP)
Sub-catchment level Land use type
Water Productivity(GVP/ETa)
MODIS-TERRA 1000m
MODIS-TERRA 250m NDVI time series
SRTM 90m DEMSub-catchmentBoundaries
Land Use Land CoverMap
Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration ETa
Administrative/districtmaps and agricultural statistics
Meteorological Data
Image Classification
Image Classification
Topographic/ GIS Analysis
Topographic/ GIS Analysis
Energy Balance Analysis
Energy Balance Analysis
Land use wise sub-catchment Actual Evapotranspiration ETa
Land use wise sub-catchment Gross Value of Production (GVP)
Sub-catchment level Land use type
Water Productivity(GVP/ETa)
Source: IWMI, 1997
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• Land use and land cover map : Global Cover Land Cover 2008 by European Space Agency: Its 22 land cover global classes are defined with the UN Land Cover Classification System (LCCS). The product pixel size is 300m. Croplands clases in the map are as fallows:
- Post-flooding or irrigated croplands (or aquatic)
- Rainfed croplands
- Mosaic cropland (50-70%) / vegetation (grassland/shrubland/forest) (20-50%)
- Mosaic vegetation (grassland/shrubland/forest) (50-70%) / cropland (20-50%)
Doesn't give us Crop type map
• IFPRI1 production maps
IFPRI1: International Food Policy Research Institute
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• Actual evapotranspiration (ETa): Water watch ET map for 2007 (Wim/Yasir). The map pixel size is 1Km.
• Secondary administrative agricultural statistics - Ethiopia : Central Statistical Agency (CSA)
- Sudan: Sudan Central Bureau of Statistics
How can we get the same data for other countries particularly Egypt ?
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Crop water productivity in Ethiopian part of the Nile Basin
Source: Created by Karimi,P.
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Rainfall and Water Consumption in 2007
• Precipitation:• 1043 mm
• Average ETa:• 730 mm
• Overall Crop GVP:• 4.4×109 $/year
Source: Created by IWMI using data from FEWS, 2009 Source: Created by IWMI using data from Waterwatch, 2009
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Crops water consumption and economical land productivity
• Eta Crops: 4500 m3/ha;
1542 m3/ha to 7500 m3/ha
Eta per ha is lower in the eastern part
• Crop GVP: 540 US$/ha
286 US$/ha to 822 US$/ha
• High performing areas in terms of Crop GVP/ha are:
- Shaka, Benchi Maji, Jimma and West Gojam
Source: IWMI, 2009 Source: IWMI, 2009
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Sub-Basin to Basin Scale Analysis:WP of vegetative and livestock
• Crop WP: 0.16 $/m3; 0.004 to 0.30 $/m3.
– The higher values are mainly due to higher proportion of irrigated lands
• Agricultural economic water productivity is higher in the eastern part
• could it be due to high evaporation in cropped area and not transpiration in western part??
Source: IWMI, 2009
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Crop water productivity in Sudanese part of the Nile Basin
Total cropped area:
Secondary Stat: 14,860,440
GLC: 12,298,145
FAO: 12,849,520
Source: IWMI, 2009
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Crop GVP VS Livestock GVP
-Growth of livestock production value in last years-Importance of Livestock in Water productivity calculation
Source: Graphs created by Karimi, P using data from FAO
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• Secondary statistical data together with remote sensed data could be used to Map economic water productivity but it depends on how accurate are they.
• Getting IFPRI Production maps seems to be very crucial to evaluate these result also to use to produce spatial distributed WP map for entire Nile
• Use of Biomass to get physical WP and try to convert it to economical WP - it needs a crop type map and accuracy of results would be highly dependent on accuracy of the crop type map
• How to join livestock WP and Fisheries WP with crop water productivity to create an overall water productivity map?
Summary ,Conclusionsand Questions
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Related Project Report Forthcoming.
For more information visit:
www.iwmi.org
www.waterandfood.org
N.B. This is not a form of technical output. Data and figures shown are subject to change.