Crop case and system case studies - ENDURE NETWORK cas… · Crop case and system case studies in...
Transcript of Crop case and system case studies - ENDURE NETWORK cas… · Crop case and system case studies in...
FOODQUALITY
ANDSAFETY
Crop case and system case studiesPer Kudsk
Aarhus University, Denmark
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Crop case studiesObjectives– Exploit the current knowledge on optimised
pesticide use in existing cropping systems– Develop optimised crop protection strategies and
applied them in different agro-ecological contexts– Change end-user practice from a ’pesticide only
and no-risk attitude’ towards a more integratedstrategy
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Crop case studies– Crops should represent different
domains of crops: Major and minor crops Annual and perennial crops Arable and vegetable crops Field and glasshouse crops
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case studies– Wheat– Potato– Tomato– Pomefruit– Integrated Weed Management (Maize)
– Maize– Field vegetables– Banana
– Grapevine
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case studiesFocus one specific crop pest issues, e.g.fungal diseases in wheat, late blight in potatoand whiteflies in tomato
Output:– Reports– Guides for advisors and farmers (From
Science to Field)– Input to Endure Information Centre
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
WheatSignificans of cultivar resistance
Source: 108 trials in France
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
Total fungicide input (TFI)Ne
t yie
ld g
ain
(dt h
a-1)
BCD 20 !CD 20 !C 20 !CD 10 !C 10 !BCD 10 !
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
Total fungicide input (TFI)
Net y
ield
gai
n (d
t ha-
1)
D 20 !CD 20 !D 10 !CD 10 !
Resistant cultivar Susceptible cultivar
A: GS 25-31, B: GS 32-36, C: GS 37-50, D: GS 51-64
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
WheatCultivar resistance and fungicide requirement
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
WheatFusarium
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
WheatEuroWheat
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
PotatoLate blight
Reducing primaryinoculum sources
Decision Support Systems
Performance of fungicides
Cultivar resistance
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
TomatoWhiteflies – occurence of pest and virus
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
TomatoWhiteflies – occurence of pest and virus
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
TomatoWhiteflies – tools to manage the pest
Chemical control
Biological control
Exclusion
IPM strategies
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
PomefruitScab, brown spot and codling moth -
State of art of prevention and control strategies
Lake Constance (Germany and Switzerland),Cataluña (Spain),Emilia Romagna, South Tirol and Trentino (Italy)Rhone Valley (France)BelgiumThe NetherlandsSweden.
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
PomefruitIntegrated control of codling moth
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
PomefruitScab, brown spot and codling moth -
State of art of prevention and control strategies
Conclusions:• Knowledge of integrated control well known• Modern communication technologies are used• Importance of different tools the same in the North and South• New EU member states could profit from existing tools• Bottlenecks exists, e.g. acceptance of resistant cultivars and technical and economic reasons
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Integrated Weed ManagementComparing strategies in maize
•Standard chemical treatment
•IWM (inter-row cultivation + chemical)
•Advanced IWM (lessherbicide than IWM)
Pisa (I), Dijon (F) &Flakkebjerg (DK)
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Integrated Weed ManagementComparing strategies in maize
•Standard and IWM provided similar weed control
•Advanced IWM provided poorer weed control in Pisa but not in Dijon and Flakkebjerg
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Integrated Weed ManagementYields, costs and environmental impact
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
I F DK
StandardIWMAdv. IWM
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
I F DK
StandardIWMAdv. IWM
Cob yield (t DM/ha) Relative costs Environmental index (Ipest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
I F DK
StandardIWMAdv. IWM
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Integrated Weed ManagementOther options for Integrated Weed Management
• Crop rotation• Stale seedbed• Cover crops• Intra-row cultivation
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
MaizeKey pests and options to reduce pesticides in
eleven European regions
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
MaizeImportance, occurrence and population
development of insect pests
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
MaizeEuropean corn borer
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
MaizeFusarium
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
MaizeWestern Corn Rootworm
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
2008
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Field vegetables
Tasks:
• PPP (including BCA) availability in selected EU countries (major differences)• Evaluation of past and ongoing research on soil fumigation and steaming• Joint experimentation• Landscape management to improve biological control
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Identify science-based sources of innovationfor implementing alternative crop protectionstrategies (from basic research and casestudies)Promote a system approach and explore thepotential of ecological approachesIdentify relevant criteria for assessing thesustainability of crop protection strategiesDesign ex ante assessment tools throughknowledge-based models that would make itpossible the evaluation of innovative strategies
System case studies
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Designing innovative crop protectionstrategies requires:
• that emerging technologies are considered (DNA-based detection techniques, robotics, IT, etc),
• that new sources of resistance genes are explored• that the potential of landscape management of
cropping systems or deployment ofsemiochemicals for reducing pest incidence areconsidered
• etc.
System case studies
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Orchard systemsWinter crop-based systemsMaize-based systems
System case studies
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Status– Describing current systems in different regions– Proposing advanced systems making use of
existing tools and technologies
System case studiesMaize-based systems
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
MS1: Silage maize, in rotation, irrigatedMS2: Silage maize, in rotation, not irrigatedMS3: Silage maize, not in rotation, irrigatedMS4: Silage maize, not in rotation, not irrigatedMS5: Grain maize, in rotation, irrigatedMS6: Grain maize, in rotation, not irrigatedMS7: Grain maize, not in rotation, irrigatedMS8: Grain maize, not in rotation, not irrigated
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
System case studiesMaize-based systems
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
XxxSeed treatmentsXXXInsecticidesXxxEarly sowing
xVariety choice
XxCrop choice in rotation
xxCrop resistance
XMajor tillage (ploughing)
XEarly detection
xField margin management
MS6MS3-MS7MS1-MS5Practices
System case studiesMaize-based systems
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Status– Describing current systems in different regions– Proposing advanced systems making use of
existing tools and technologies– Compare the economic, environmental and social
sustainability of the current and advanced systemsusing DEXiPM
– SWOT (Strenghts Weaknesses OpportunitiesThreats) analysis
System case studiesMaize-based systems
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Future activities– Design innovative systems– Compare the economic, environmental and social
sustainability of the innovative systems to that of thecurrent and advanced systems using DEXiPM
System case studiesMaize-based systems
© E
ND
UR
E, F
ebru
ary
2007
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE
Thank you for your attention
Questions?