Critically identifying global capacity demand drivers
Transcript of Critically identifying global capacity demand drivers
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Critically identifying global
capacity demand drivers
Christie Alwis B.Sc (Eng) Hons, FIE (SL), MIEE, C.Eng (Lond)
Chief Network Officer- Sri Lanka Telecom
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Major Topics Addressed
•Identifying global capacity demand
trend patterns
•Determining the life span of current
demand
•Aligning it with your business
objectives
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1. Introductory Background
1. Social Paradigm Shift
2. Communication Networks
3. Communication Network Paradigm Shift
4. Development in Access Network
5. Technological/Service Paradigm Shift
2. International Demand Patterns & Observations
1. Global Capacity Trend
2. Current Estimated Capacities between Continents
3. Internet Usage
4. Lit Submarine Cable Capacity Trends by Route, 1999-2006
5. Matching the Demand with Available Facilities
6. Major Paradigm Shift
7. Most Promising Future Technology and where it applies
3. Consortium Cable Systems
1. Characteristics of Consortium Cable System
2. Advantages of Consortium Cables
3. Disadvantages of Consortium Cables
4. Nature of Consortium Cables
5. Recent Examples
4. Business Aspects
1. Sri Lankan Experience
2. Satisfaction of Basic Needs
3. Gap Analysis - Inclusive and Exclusive Economics4. Correct Investment Timing
5. Conclusive RemarksContents
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Sociological Paradigm Shift
Past – Present - Future
• Past– Agriculture Revolution
– Industrial Revolution
• Present– Communication explosion
• Future– Transport Revolution
– Energy Revolution
Chapter 1
Introductory Back Ground
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What is Communication Network
Undersea
Optical Fiber
Networks
Country A
Country B
Domestic Transport
Network (OF,
International
Transport Network
IG
IG
Local Area Node
Both Domestic and International Transport will be on Optical
Fibers. And Switching Nodes will be on NGN.
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Basic Components of
Communication Networks
• Following 8 major components can be identified
– Geographical Location & Terminal
– Access Networks
– Local Exchange
– Domestic Transport Network
– International Exchange
– International Transport Network
– Other Country International Exchange
– Other Country Domestic Network (With the similar
components as above)
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Communication Network Paradigm
Shift• Present
– Transport Network• OF
– Access Network• Shift from Copper to Radio (3G, EvDO) & Fiber
• Immediate Future– Shift from Radio/OF to Power Line Communication System (PLC) depends upon which revolution comes first in future i.e. Transport or Energy (If energy comes first, access will not be PLC, but radio & OF)
– Hence most promising access network for next 10y will be either Radio or OF or PLC
– Most promising transport network will be OF especially undersea OF cable systems
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Development of Access Network
• Access Network is developed to accommodate integrated services
such as Internet, IPTV, Data with Voice
• Radio Options: 3G, EvDO, WiMAX
• DSL, PON, and PLC
Power
TV
Telephone ?
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3G, EvDO
cdmaOnecdmaOne
GSMGSM
TDMA TDMA
2G
PDC PDC
CDMA2000
1x
CDMA2000
1x
First Step into 3G
GPRSGPRS 90%
10%
EDGEEDGE
WCDMAWCDMA
3G phase 1 Evolved 3G
3GPP Core
Network
CDMA2000
1x EV/DO
CDMA2000
1x EV/DO
HSDPA/HSUPAHSDPA/HSUPA
Expected market share
EDGE
Evolution
EDGE
Evolution
CDMA2000
EV/DO Rev A
CDMA2000
EV/DO Rev A
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FTTH, PON
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Power Line Communication System
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Accommodating Paradigm Shift to
Customer Premises
• One terminal
• Will stay for 10y independent of Network
shift
Voice Data Video Energy
Convergence of Telecommunication
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Technological/Service Paradigm Shift
All the technological development on Access and Transport will lead
to customers to shift from traditional voice services to IP based data
services without their knowledge
Any TIME
Connection
Any PLACE
Connection
Any THING
Connection
• Night
• Daytime
• On the Move
• Indoors &
Outdoors
• Indoors
• Outdoors
• On the Move
• PC to PC• Human to Human (H2H)
• Human to Thing (H2T)• Thing to Thing (T2T)
Supportive Stuff: ITU Internet Reports 2005
Probable
implementation:
From now to Year
2010
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Major Paradigm Shift
• Increased Customer Expectations, Demand
Growth
• Lowest Cost, Huge Bandwidth and Durability
• Technological Advancement (More Lambdas per
Fiber - DWDM, 10G/lambda, Repeater Less
Systems)
• Improved Quality of Service Diversification
Chapter 2
International Demand Patterns &
Observations
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Demand Growth
• Global Capacity Trend
• Current Estimated Capacities between
Continents
• Current Estimated Capacities between
Continents
• Internet Usage
• Lit Submarine Cable Capacity Trends by
Route, 1999-2006
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Global Capacity Trend
225.00%100.00%17.84%1,173100.00%6,575WORLD TOTAL
146.7%1.6%54.5%190.5%34Oceania / Australia
508.6%9.4%19.8%1108.5%557Latin America/Caribbean
115.2%19.8%69.5%2335.1%335North America
494.8%1.7%10.1%202.9%193Middle East
206.2%27.4%39.8%32212.3%810Europe
282.1%37.2%11.8%43756.5%3,713Asia
643.1%2.9%3.6%3414.2%933Africa
Usage
Growth
2000-
2007
Usage %
of World
% Population
( Penetration )
Internet
Usage,
Latest Data
(Million)
Populatio
n % of
the World
Population
(Est 2007)
Million
World Regions
WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICS
Source: www.internetworldstats.com
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Current Estimated Capacities between
Continents
North
America
335 Million
Latin America/
Caribbean
557 Million
Africa
933 Million
Europe
810 Million
Asia
3.7 Billion
Oceania/
Australia
34 Million
Middle East
193 Million
8Tbs
12Tbps
6Tbps
5Tbps
6Tbps
9Tbps
2-3Gbps
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© PriMetrica, Inc.
2006
© PriMetrica, Inc.
2006
TeleGeography
research
Notes: Capacity figures denote lit, protected capacity at the end of the respective year. Capacity for 2004 is projected based on capacity upgrade announcements and new cable construction information as of March 2004. Capacity for 2005 and 2006 is projected
assuming cables with upgradeable capacity will increase total capacity 20 percent each year until fully upgradeable capacity is achieved. Intra-Asia capacity includes cables with landings in both Hong Kong and Japan. Trans-Pacific capacity excludes Southern
Cross and PacRim East. Trans-Atlantic capacity excludes Atlantis-2. Cables retired prior to year-end 2004 are excluded from Fully Upgraded capacity. Fully upgraded capacity is based on system design capacity.
251 88 73 61 61 41 31 31 21 Europe-Africa-Asia
5,166 749 638 518 513 303 293 213 13 U.S.-Latin America
15,810 802 670 560 560 560 560 40 25 Intra-Asia
6,503 1,457 1,231 1,043 1,043 1,043 263 183 43 Trans-Pacific
12,298 2,983 2,642 2,338 2,338 2,022 1,843 533 163 Trans-Atlantic
Fully Upgraded20062005200420032002200120001999Region
Lit Submarine Cable Capacity (Gbps)
Lit Submarine Cable Capacity Trends by Route, 1999-2006
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Matching the Demand with
Available Facilities
• Inter-continental traffic appears to be
comparatively lower than the already
installed designed capacity
• Certain segments are saturated with
designed capacity.
– E.g. Traffic via Middle-East from Asia to
Europe
– This indicates the market trend in Asia and
Middle East is much faster than Africa
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Most Promising Future Technology
and where it applies
• Transport: Optical Fiber (Especially for
International transport Undersea cable)
• Huge development in Asia and Asia
towards Europe
• Consortium and private cable system
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Characteristics of Consortium
Cable System
• Advantages/Disadvantages of Consortium
Cables
• Formation of Consortium Cable Systems
• Concepts of Management of Consortium
Systems
Chapter 3
Consortium Cable Systems
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Advantages of Consortium Cables
• More Connectivity at a low cost
• Opportunity to joint with giant telecom
operators
• Opportunity to share knowledge between
Parties
• Collectively select most desirable solution
• More bargaining power with suppliers to
obtain minimum cost
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Disadvantages of Consortium
Cables
• Multi Parties with Different disciplines
• Delay in decision makings
• Different import formalities in different countries
• Different Taxation Policies in different countries
• Complex Billing & Collection procedures
• Wide cost variation in right of use (Station Cost) between terminal parties
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Nature of Consortium Cables
• Consortium is not a legal entity. It works with business ethics among many parties.
• Consortium Cables are cost effective
• More Connectivity
• More value since it is owned by prominent telecom operators in respective country
• Even if the requirement for a new undersea cable is justified, the relevant party has to wait until a consortium is formed.
• A single party may face great difficulties in constructing a cable between countries due to the operational and regulatory requirements.
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Nature of Consortium Cables…
• The mechanism for managing the relationship among investors (owners).
• In consortium cables investors are generally Operators.
• As the owners/users are often competitors, the application of fair and agreeable rules of use are required and usually observed.
• Cable owners are partners as well as competitors and operate in the international arena. There are unwritten rules of conduct.
• Agreements within consortium parties are not subject to any legal jurisdiction.
• The C&MA is more of a business agreement than a legal contract.
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Recent Examples
• SEA-ME-WE 4 Cable System– Commissioned in Dec 2005 with 160Gbps
– SMW 4 designed for 64 lambdas per OF pair with 2 Pairs in operation. Within a matter of two to three years the system experiencing in two upgrades causing certain sections to reach the maximum of 64 lambdas and the SMW4 Consortium is exploring the possibility of increasing the number of lambdas with the latest technologies available. Hence operators are concern about laying more Optical Fiber Cables. Following are the examples.
– Exhaustion Mutual Restoration Resources between SEA-ME-WE 3 and SEA-ME-WE 4
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SEA-ME-WE 3
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SEA-ME-WE 4
MUMBA
I
KARACH
IFUJAIRA
H
COLOMB
O
CHENNA
I
COX’S
BAZA
RSUE
Z JEDDA
H
MARSEILLE
S
PALERM
O
ALEXANDRI
A
MELAK
A
S1S3S4 S2
TUAS
CAIRO
BIZERTBIZERT
EE
SATUSATU
NN
ANNABANNAB
AA
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Recent Examples…
• SLT installed two cables - BL, DL
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Resent Examples…
• AAG - Asia America Gateway
Philippines
Thailand
Brunei
Singapore
Hawaii
United States
Malaysia
Vietnam
Hong Kong
Guam
(Sri
Racha)
(Mersing
)
(Changi
)
(Vung
Tau)
(Tungku
)
(Lantau
) (La
Union)
(Tanguisson
)
(Keawaula
)
(San Luis
Obispo)
BU1
BU2 BU3
BU4
Taiwan (Fangshan
)
BU5
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Resent Examples…
• I-ME-WE India Middle East West Europe Cable
System
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Resent Examples…SEA-ME-WE 5
Mumbai,Jedd
ahSuez
Alexand
ria
UK Landing
station/
London POP
Tetua
n
Gibral
tar
Fujair
ah,Musc
at
Port
Suda
n
Sesimbra Djibouti
Marsei
lles
Al
Khobar
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How to Satisfy the Needs?
• Sri Lankan Experience
• Satisfaction of Basic Needs
• Correct Investment Time
• Gap Analysis– Inclusive and Exclusive Economics
• Correct Investment Timing• Financial Risks of Investing in Undersea Cable
Projects
Chapter 4
Business Aspects
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In STM-1 Equivalent SLT Activated Traffic and Trend
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
No. of E1 Equivalent
Trend in Exponential
Trend in Linear
Number of E1 Circuits
Sri Lankan Experience
In Sri Lanka the activations appears to be exponential
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Satisfaction of Basic Needs• Voice Communication through Mobile - now becoming independent to the affordability, has become a basic needs
• Similarly data communication will become a basic need in time to come
Example for Asia
802 Gbps
15,810
Gbps
Present
Estimated
Lit Capacity
Designed Capacity
Reasons for the GAP
•Lack of Customer Awareness
•Prices of Computers are still unaffordable
•Lack of Access Network
•Lack of Demand Analysis within the
Region
Similar to Vice Communication Society will drive to IP based solution independent to the
affordability with gradual development and low cost solutions for the reasons given in the Gap.
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Correct Investment Time
Time
begin investment
before decline
Begin investment
during decline
Demand
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Financial Risks of Investing in Undersea
Cable Projects
GAP
Uncertainty
Certainty
Not enough capacity
and not reliable service
Enough capacity and
reliable service
How much to invest? Is it
justifiable? Whether Data
traffic will grow?
Inclusive and
exclusive
Economics
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GAP Analysis
• Inclusive Economics
– More concern about NPV Value
• Exclusive Economics
– More concern about IRR Value
Both IRR & NPV based on cash flows whereas NPV will show the absolute cash value.
• Large and small countries and their inter-dependency
• Chicken and egg situation
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Risk Analysis
• Risks associated with Supply & Demand Forecast
• Technological advancements and its impact.
• Financial risk to the system performance
• Natural and Man made environmental risks
• Lack of knowledge on international laws.
• Complicated law suites for compensations derived from third party damages.
• The influence of political instabilities
• Reliability and service level agreements
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• Technological Paradigm Shift from Voice to Data is now on-going irrespective of the affordability of the customers
• Operators will be challenged to provide supportive network solutions to convert voice to data with most economical solutions which certainly includes NGN networks coupled with Optical Fibers (especially submarine)
• The latest technological network components prices are drastically coming down
• The digital divide of a given country will be minimized in the next three years especially in the region of Asia and Middle-East
Chapter 5
Conclusive Remarks
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