Critical thinking and logic powerpoint
-
Upload
annvillanueva -
Category
Documents
-
view
6.779 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Critical thinking and logic powerpoint
![Page 1: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Critical Thinking
and Logic
by Douglas WilsonPrinted in PHS #3, 1993.
Source: http://www.criticalthinking.org/aboutCT/define_critical_thinking.cfm
![Page 2: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Douglas Wilson is a founder of Logos School in Moscow,
Idaho one of the few American day
schools founded on classical learning
principles.
![Page 3: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Have you ever seen the bumper sticker that reads
![Page 4: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
This
bumper sticker provides
an example of what modern educators call
"critical thinking."
![Page 5: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A logical answer to the bumper sticker
(for those of us to talk back to bumper
stickers) would be,
"Says who?"
![Page 6: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The person trained in logic questions the
bumper sticker because he sees a logical problem with
the position presented on the bumper sticker.
![Page 7: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
This questioner has been trained
to recognize such problems,
correct them, and arrive at the right
answer.
![Page 8: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Difference Between
Critical Thinking and
Logic
![Page 9: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Those who seek to inculcate
"critical thinking skills" give all authority to the
questioner .
![Page 10: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
He examines, probes, questions, and so forth, before he settles upon
"whatever works for him." The one with the questions
has all the authority -- a totally subjective
authority.
![Page 11: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Logical analysis presupposes
that there is such a thing as
absolute unchanging truth,
and that this truth has authority over us.
![Page 12: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
We are not allowed to tinker with the truth.
Instead of teaching skepticism -- the belief that
there are no unchanging answers
--this approach teaches that we are looking for validly
derived answers.
![Page 13: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What to Do about Critical Thinking
![Page 14: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nevertheless, appearances can
be deceiving.
![Page 15: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The rhetoric of "critical thinking skills"
allows educators to make intelligent-sounding
noises while wandering in a
circle.
![Page 16: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Don't be fooled by it.
![Page 17: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
It is nothing more than sophisticated and
witty chatter on the edge of the
void.
![Page 18: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
So should we simply
avoid anything and
everything labeled "critical
thinking"?
![Page 19: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Again, labels may bedeceiving
![Page 20: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Although the "critical thinking skills" movement
as a whole teaches skepticism and unbelief,
not every product merely labeled
"critical thinking" is bad
![Page 21: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What you want
to avoid are:
![Page 22: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
•Materials that encourage the student to challenge
biblical authorities.
![Page 23: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
•Materials that encourage general confusion
and skepticism
![Page 24: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
•Materials that dwell at length on a particular view of the
future
![Page 25: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
•Materials that introduce "closed" dilemmas
![Page 26: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
•Materials that stress "there are no right answers"
![Page 27: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Logic 101
![Page 28: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Christian parents, of course, want to teach
their children to think..
![Page 29: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
How do we do
this?
![Page 30: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The parent instructing his children in logical analysis should start by learning certain basics of logic himself.
![Page 31: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Let’s take a look at a few of these.
![Page 32: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Truth and Validity.
![Page 33: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
One of the most important starting points when studying logic is the
difference between truth and validity. A valid argument is one that is structurally sound -- the conclusion must be true if the
premises are true. The premises may not be true, but if they were,
the conclusion would follow necessarily.
![Page 34: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Look at this
example:
All dogs are
brown
![Page 35: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
This animal is a dog.
![Page 36: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Therefore this animal is brown.
![Page 37: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
This is not true (all dogs are not brown).
![Page 38: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Even if it were true, the conclusion
would necessarily be true.
![Page 39: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Truth answers the question, "Is it so?"
Validity answers the question,
"Does it follow?"
![Page 40: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fallacies of Form Another important distinction
to be made is the difference between
fallacies of formand fallacies of distraction.
![Page 41: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
A fallacy of form occurs when there is a structural
problem in one's argument -- it would never
be valid no matter what the nouns in the
argument were. Look at this invalid argument:
![Page 42: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
All cats have four legs.
![Page 43: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
This animal has four legs.
![Page 44: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Therefore, this animal is a cat.
![Page 45: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Even though the premises are true
(cats do have four legs and this animal
does have four legs), this is a fallacy of form.
The argument is structurally unsound.
![Page 46: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Fallacies of Distraction A fallacy of distraction
occurs when one is trapped and
seeks, by various and sundry
means, to change the subject.
![Page 47: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Instead of saying,
“You've got me there,”
he says,
"Look! A comet!”
![Page 48: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
One example of a fallacy of distraction is the abusive ad
hominem:
"That can't be right because you're a jerk."
The man is attacked instead of his argument.
![Page 49: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Another example is that of tuquoque:
"Oh yeah? Well, you've done it too!"
But of course just because someone else has committed
the fallacy does not rescue your argument.
![Page 50: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The possibilities for real-life applications
are enormous.
![Page 51: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Deuteronomy tells us that we are to instruct
our children when we rise, when we walk along the way, when we read letters to the
editor, and so forth.
![Page 52: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Our society has graciously provided us
with abundant fallacious grist for our children's logical mill
![Page 53: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
I recall watching the news one time when my son suddenly pointed at the screen and gave the name of the fallacy.
![Page 54: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
With any rigorous training at all, it is not long before your
children will begin to see fallacies everywhere.
![Page 55: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Be warned: unbelievers aren't the only ones who
make errors in logic. Logical contradictions will often
surface in sermons, Christian books, etc.
![Page 56: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Christians will often say things that are true, but still invalid. Are we obligated to defend such errors, just because good people make them? By no means! Truth is still true, no matter how many invalid arguments are enlisted on its side, but how much better to rid it of the invalid millstones that are so often tied around its neck
![Page 57: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
It is no real help to a child to teach him to applaud when he hears something with which he agrees. Even critical thinking professors do that! We should teach him to always ask these two questions:
![Page 58: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
(1) Is the conclusion true,
and
(2) Was the argument sound?
If the argument was not sound, can he think of an argument that
is?
![Page 59: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
We want to inculcate both love of truth and trust in God's Word -- which is self-consistent, logical, and true. This is what Solomon was talking about when he said, "Wisdom is supreme; therefore
get wisdom" (Proverbs 4:7).
![Page 60: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
After all, we are not Christians
because "it works for us."
![Page 61: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
OBSERVATION
![Page 62: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The Star Trek series portray an optimistic technological future,
but one filled with constant conflicts as the crew travels on their odyssey through space.
![Page 63: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The show sometimes diminishes the role of human reason and
the possibility of objective knowledge.
![Page 64: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Voyager series includes
a first officer who is a Native
American.
![Page 65: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
He is a spirit guide that utilizes a combination of science and
mysticism to help manage crisis situations. Ironically, the
greatest threat is not being lost in some distant quadrant of space, but it is the loss of a
personal inner stability.
![Page 66: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
After sharing highlights from the Star Trek
programs, teachers can discuss how the television
series reflects different perspectives on truth, knowledge, ethics and
intellectual trends.
![Page 67: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Students might notice that human reason is less important and there is greater emphasis
on relativism. What is the basic definition of the term?
![Page 68: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Barzun (2000) relates it means flexible, adaptable; a sliding scale that gives a different
reading in similar situations.
![Page 69: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Relativism appears to make a few distinctions between moral codes, cultures and religions.
![Page 70: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
They each reside in a certain time and place in history that should be
respected and tolerated.
![Page 71: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Yet, Barzun argues that a civilized society often utilizes
relative standards for applying the law to individual criminal
cases.
![Page 72: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
He maintains that the anti-relativists who embrace moral absolutes cannot effectively answer the question whose
absolute are we to adopt and impose?
![Page 73: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The brief example reveals that popular culture can offer numerous instructional
opportunities to help students refine their thinking skills
through reading and reflective dialog.
![Page 74: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Evaluating Critical Thinking Skills
![Page 75: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Contemporary testing methods often fail to provide teachers
with information on how students arrive at their
responses to test items.
![Page 76: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Quantitative and qualitative assessment procedures can be
useful but it is vital that the assessment must be sensitive
enough to identify changes that have occurred in students thinking
skills.
![Page 77: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Critical thinking assessment instruments can include commercially designed tests, teacher made tests, checklists, open-ended questions,
problem-solving scenarios or simulations.
![Page 78: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
For instance, check lists can be used to evaluate a variety of
student work such as gathering information on student online
comments or portfolios.
![Page 79: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Check lists are useful tools to document evidence of student problem solving and decision making skills (Sormunen &
Chalupa, 1994).
![Page 80: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Teachers can integrate critical thinking into their classes by presenting information from a diversity of perspectives that involve both the cognitive and
affective learning domains.
![Page 81: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
The author has found that students really enjoy reading nonfiction short stories about individuals and their
personal learning adventures.
![Page 82: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Teachers can share interesting and informative stories that offer insights
into concepts such as perseverance in problem
solving.
![Page 83: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Short stories can be included in lectures and handouts that
stress descriptive information on critical thinking.
![Page 84: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
The following chart is an effective way to help students
understand the multidimensional aspects of
critical thinking.
![Page 85: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Essential Critical Thinking Skills
(Wool folk, 1990, p.278)
![Page 86: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Defining and Clarifying the Problem
![Page 87: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
-Identify central issues or problems. -Compare similarities and differences. -Determine which information is relevant. -Formulate appropriate questions.
![Page 88: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Judge Information Related to the Problem
![Page 89: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
-Distinguish between fact, opinion and reasoned judgment. -Check consistency. -Identify unstated assumptions. -Recognize stereotypes and clichés. -Recognize bias, emotional factors, propaganda and semantic slanting. -Recognize different value systems and ideologies.
![Page 90: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Solving Problems/Drawing Conclusions
![Page 91: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
-Recognize the adequacy of data. -Predict probable consequences.
![Page 92: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Online Instructional Strategies
![Page 93: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
The affective and psychological dimensions of
distance education are important aspects of the
teaching and learning process.
![Page 94: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Distant educators face the dilemma of how to foster critical thinking with students who vary
in their need for academic guidance.
![Page 95: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Often, this problem is portrayed as teacher-directed versus self-directed
learning models.
![Page 96: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
In reality, the online teacher will have to adapt his/her teaching style to meet the needs of their
students.
![Page 97: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Berge (1999) relates that interaction in education involves
a continuum from teacher-centered to student-centered
approaches.
![Page 98: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Distant educators are challenged by using a text-driven form of education.
![Page 99: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Today’s online classes rely heavily on printed materials and
teacher created lectures and handouts.
![Page 100: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Kirby & Goodpaster (2002) note language works intimately with
all aspects of our thinking, sensing, feeling, remembering, creating, organizing, reasoning, evaluating, deciding persuading,
and acting.
![Page 101: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
As we become more aware of the strengths and weaknesses of language, and as we increase and refine our own
language, we will think better
![Page 102: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Conclusion
![Page 103: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
A major adult education goal is helping students become self-directed learners who learn to
monitor and improve their thinking skills.
![Page 104: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Distance educators need to integrate meaningful
instructional activities into their classes that promote
internalization of critical thinking skills and knowledge.
![Page 105: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
It is one of the unique challenges of teaching online but it is essential to fostering classes and degree programs
that prepare students for leadership roles in our society.
![Page 106: Critical thinking and logic powerpoint](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061223/54c4bf554a7959952d8b45ef/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Thank you…