Cristian Jos e Bottero EMSHIP Master’s Thesis Presentation ...€¦ · Cristian J. Bottero...
Transcript of Cristian Jos e Bottero EMSHIP Master’s Thesis Presentation ...€¦ · Cristian J. Bottero...
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Aerojoules Project: Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
EMSHIP Master’s Thesis Presentation
Cristian Jose Bottero
Supervised by: Prof. Maciej Tacza la1 and Prof. Herve Le Sourne2
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo3
1West Pomeranian University of Technology. Szczecin, Poland2ICAM Nantes. Nantes, France
3University of Liege. Liege, Belgium
Nantes, February 27, 2012
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 1 / 50
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 2 / 50
Motivation Why VAWTs?
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 MotivationWhy VAWTs?The Aerojoules Project
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 / 50
Motivation Why VAWTs?
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Background
Traditionally, HAWTs dominate the large-sized turbine market
Increased interest in the small and medium–sized range
Impulse to new developments in VAWTs
Advantages of VAWTs
No special mechanisms for yawing into wind
Generator closer to ground, simpler maintenance
Lower operational speed: Less noise in urban installation
Disadvantages of VAWTs
Less efficient than horizontal axis wind turbines
Difficulty of modeling the wind flow accurately
Highly dynamic loading on the blade
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 4 / 50
Motivation Why VAWTs?
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Background
Traditionally, HAWTs dominate the large-sized turbine market
Increased interest in the small and medium–sized range
Impulse to new developments in VAWTs
Advantages of VAWTs
No special mechanisms for yawing into wind
Generator closer to ground, simpler maintenance
Lower operational speed: Less noise in urban installation
Disadvantages of VAWTs
Less efficient than horizontal axis wind turbines
Difficulty of modeling the wind flow accurately
Highly dynamic loading on the blade
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 4 / 50
Motivation Why VAWTs?
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Background
Traditionally, HAWTs dominate the large-sized turbine market
Increased interest in the small and medium–sized range
Impulse to new developments in VAWTs
Advantages of VAWTs
No special mechanisms for yawing into wind
Generator closer to ground, simpler maintenance
Lower operational speed: Less noise in urban installation
Disadvantages of VAWTs
Less efficient than horizontal axis wind turbines
Difficulty of modeling the wind flow accurately
Highly dynamic loading on the blade
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 4 / 50
Motivation Why VAWTs?
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Classification of VAWTs
Drag–driven: Savonius Type Lift–driven: Darrieus Type Combined: Darrieus–Savonius
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 5 / 50
Motivation The Aerojoules Project
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 MotivationWhy VAWTs?The Aerojoules Project
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 6 / 50
Motivation The Aerojoules Project
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Origin and Objectives
About the project
Started by the Ocean Vital Foundation
Model successfully tested at the Vendee Globe 2008
Multidisciplinary project: ICAM, CSTB, Jalais,Garos, AIC
VAWTs oriented to the Nantes region
Three variants: 300W, 1500W and 3000W
Left: Model used for the Vendee Globe 2008
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 7 / 50
Turbine Design Introduction to Turbine Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine DesignIntroduction to Turbine AnalysisPrevious WorksAnalysis and OptimizationBlade Support InterfaceAirfoil Preselection
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 8 / 50
Turbine Design Introduction to Turbine Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Methods for Turbine Analysis
Aimed at obtaining the global efficiency
Actuator Disk Method
⇒ Maximum efficiency 59.3%
Double Actuator Disk Method
⇒ Maximum efficiency 64%
Rotor Disk Method
⇒ HAWT
Aimed at obtaining the flow characteristics
Blade-Element/Momentum Theory (BEM)
⇒ HAWT
Double Multiple Streamtube Method (DMS)
⇒ Simple flow field
Vortex Method
⇒ Noise propagation analysis
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
⇒ Efficiency & flow pattern
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 9 / 50
Turbine Design Introduction to Turbine Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Methods for Turbine Analysis
Aimed at obtaining the global efficiency
Actuator Disk Method ⇒ Maximum efficiency 59.3%
Double Actuator Disk Method ⇒ Maximum efficiency 64%
Rotor Disk Method ⇒ HAWT
Aimed at obtaining the flow characteristics
Blade-Element/Momentum Theory (BEM) ⇒ HAWT
Double Multiple Streamtube Method (DMS) ⇒ Simple flow field
Vortex Method ⇒ Noise propagation analysis
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ⇒ Efficiency & flow pattern
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 9 / 50
Turbine Design Previous Works
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine DesignIntroduction to Turbine AnalysisPrevious WorksAnalysis and OptimizationBlade Support InterfaceAirfoil Preselection
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 10 / 50
Turbine Design Previous Works
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Performance and main dimensions
Considered constraints
Expected power output
Compromise between aerodynamic and power generation aspects
Aesthetic aspect of the turbine
Interaction with the future manufacturer
Search for an airfoil with the best lift to drag ratio
Parameters set
2m2 square–shape swept area: diameter = height = 1.4m
Three helicoidal blades in composite materials: fiber glass – epoxy
NACA 6412 airfoil, chord = 0.2m
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 11 / 50
Turbine Design Previous Works
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Performance and main dimensions
Considered constraints
Expected power output
Compromise between aerodynamic and power generation aspects
Aesthetic aspect of the turbine
Interaction with the future manufacturer
Search for an airfoil with the best lift to drag ratio
Parameters set
2m2 square–shape swept area: diameter = height = 1.4m
Three helicoidal blades in composite materials: fiber glass – epoxy
NACA 6412 airfoil, chord = 0.2m
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 11 / 50
Turbine Design Analysis and Optimization
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine DesignIntroduction to Turbine AnalysisPrevious WorksAnalysis and OptimizationBlade Support InterfaceAirfoil Preselection
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 12 / 50
Turbine Design Analysis and Optimization
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Design processProblem
Specification &Design detailing
Investigation& Research
Design
Simulation
Solution issatisfactory?
Prototype & Testing
Validation ofthe simulations
Results aresatisfactory?
Design complete
No
Yes
Yes
No
Red
efin
itio
nof
the
pro
ble
m
Mod
elin
gF
eed
bac
k
Planned: Coupled Analysis
Generation ofthe possible
solutions
Choosing ofa solution
Aeroelasticsimulation
Results aresatisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
reco
up
led
anal
ysi
s
Adopted: Decoupled Analysis
Generation of the
possible solutions
Simplified aero-
dynamic analysis
Choosing of
a solution
Aerodynamic
simulation
Structural verification
Results are
satisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
re
dec
oup
led
anal
ysi
s
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 13 / 50
Turbine Design Analysis and Optimization
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Design processProblem
Specification &Design detailing
Investigation& Research
Design
Simulation
Solution issatisfactory?
Prototype & Testing
Validation ofthe simulations
Results aresatisfactory?
Design complete
No
Yes
Yes
No
Red
efin
itio
nof
the
pro
ble
m
Mod
elin
gF
eed
bac
k
Planned: Coupled Analysis
Generation ofthe possible
solutions
Choosing ofa solution
Aeroelasticsimulation
Results aresatisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
reco
up
led
anal
ysi
s
Adopted: Decoupled Analysis
Generation of the
possible solutions
Simplified aero-
dynamic analysis
Choosing of
a solution
Aerodynamic
simulation
Structural verification
Results are
satisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
re
dec
oup
led
anal
ysi
s
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 13 / 50
Turbine Design Analysis and Optimization
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Design processProblem
Specification &Design detailing
Investigation& Research
Design
Simulation
Solution issatisfactory?
Prototype & Testing
Validation ofthe simulations
Results aresatisfactory?
Design complete
No
Yes
Yes
No
Red
efin
itio
nof
the
pro
ble
m
Mod
elin
gF
eed
bac
k
Planned: Coupled Analysis
Generation ofthe possible
solutions
Choosing ofa solution
Aeroelasticsimulation
Results aresatisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
reco
up
led
anal
ysi
s
Adopted: Decoupled Analysis
Generation of the
possible solutions
Simplified aero-
dynamic analysis
Choosing of
a solution
Aerodynamic
simulation
Structural verification
Results are
satisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
re
dec
oup
led
anal
ysi
s
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 13 / 50
Turbine Design Blade Support Interface
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine DesignIntroduction to Turbine AnalysisPrevious WorksAnalysis and OptimizationBlade Support InterfaceAirfoil Preselection
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 14 / 50
Turbine Design Blade Support Interface
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Study of design alternatives
Interfaces at intermediate positions along the blades
Concept used on a tested model
Reduction of bending efforts at links
Local reduction of aerodynamic forces
Tip vortex effect not addressed
Interfaces at the blades extremities
Allows works on tip vortex effect
Increased solicitations at links
Might require additional intermediate supports
Designs
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 15 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine DesignIntroduction to Turbine AnalysisPrevious WorksAnalysis and OptimizationBlade Support InterfaceAirfoil Preselection
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 16 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Criteria for the selection
Aerodynamic performance
Structural strength and stiffness
Aeroelastic behavior
Manufacturability
Maintainability
Noise generation
Available airfoil families
Conventional Airfoils
Four and five digits NACA SeriesOther non–NACA airfoils
Laminar Airfoils
Six and seven digits NACA Series
NREL Families
VAWT Tailored Airfoils
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 17 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Criteria for the selection
Aerodynamic performance
Structural strength and stiffness
Aeroelastic behavior
Manufacturability
Maintainability
Noise generation
Available airfoil families
Conventional Airfoils
Four and five digits NACA SeriesOther non–NACA airfoils
Laminar Airfoils
Six and seven digits NACA Series
NREL Families
VAWT Tailored Airfoils
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 17 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Criteria for the selection
Aerodynamic performance
Structural strength and stiffness
Aeroelastic behavior
Manufacturability
Maintainability
Noise generation
Available airfoil families
Conventional Airfoils
Four and five digits NACA SeriesOther non–NACA airfoils
Laminar Airfoils
Six and seven digits NACA Series
NREL Families ⇒ Oriented to HAWT
VAWT Tailored Airfoils
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 17 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Criteria for the selection
Aerodynamic performance
Structural strength and stiffness
Aeroelastic behavior
Manufacturability
Maintainability
Noise generation
Available airfoil families
Conventional Airfoils
Four and five digits NACA SeriesOther non–NACA airfoils
Laminar Airfoils ⇒ Not good for permanent transient state
Six and seven digits NACA Series
NREL Families ⇒ Oriented to HAWT
VAWT Tailored Airfoils
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 17 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Criteria for the selection
Aerodynamic performance
Structural strength and stiffness
Aeroelastic behavior
Manufacturability
Maintainability
Noise generation
Available airfoil families
Conventional Airfoils
Four and five digits NACA SeriesOther non–NACA airfoils
Laminar Airfoils ⇒ Not good for permanent transient state
Six and seven digits NACA Series
NREL Families ⇒ Oriented to HAWT
VAWT Tailored Airfoils ⇒ Not abundant information
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 17 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General discussion
Criteria for the selection
Aerodynamic performance
Structural strength and stiffness
Aeroelastic behavior
Manufacturability
Maintainability
Noise generation
Available airfoil families
Conventional Airfoils
Four and five digits NACA SeriesOther non–NACA airfoils ⇒ Not abundant information
Laminar Airfoils ⇒ Not good for permanent transient state
Six and seven digits NACA Series
NREL Families ⇒ Oriented to HAWT
VAWT Tailored Airfoils ⇒ Not abundant information
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 17 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Preselected NACA four–digit airfoils
NACA 0012 NACA 0015 NACA 0018
NACA 2412 NACA 2415 NACA 2418
NACA 4412 NACA 4415 NACA 4418
NACA 6412 NACA 6415 NACA 6418
Considerations
Manufacturing ⇒ Simple geometries
Design & Analysis ⇒ Well documented airfoil data
Operation & Maintenance ⇒ Low sensitivity to roughness
Optimization ⇒ Wide range of alternative designs
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 18 / 50
Turbine Design Airfoil Preselection
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Preselected NACA four–digit airfoils
NACA 0012 NACA 0015 NACA 0018
NACA 2412 NACA 2415 NACA 2418
NACA 4412 NACA 4415 NACA 4418
NACA 6412 NACA 6415 NACA 6418
Considerations
Manufacturing ⇒ Simple geometries
Design & Analysis ⇒ Well documented airfoil data
Operation & Maintenance ⇒ Low sensitivity to roughness
Optimization ⇒ Wide range of alternative designs
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 18 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis Preliminary Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic AnalysisPreliminary AnalysisCFD Modeling
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 19 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis Preliminary Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General operational parameters
270◦90◦
0◦
180◦
R
θ
V∞
V∞
VW
VW
ω
Vt
Va
Vr
α
Characteristics
Simplified analysis
Insight into the VAWToperation
Estimation of diverse flowvariables
Background knowledgefor further studies
Important definition:
Tip speed ratio: λ =Vt
V∞=
Blade tip velocity
Wind velocity
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 20 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis Preliminary Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General operational parameters
270◦90◦
0◦
180◦
R
θ
V∞
V∞
VW
VW
ω
Vt
Va
Vr
α
Characteristics
Simplified analysis
Insight into the VAWToperation
Estimation of diverse flowvariables
Background knowledgefor further studies
Important definition:
Tip speed ratio: λ =Vt
V∞=
Blade tip velocity
Wind velocity
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 20 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis Preliminary Analysis
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Study of flow variables
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
10
20
30
40
50
θ [deg]
α[d
eg]
λ = 1.5λ = 2λ = 2.5λ = 3λ = 3.5
Incidence angle (α) vs. θ
Decreases with λ
Magnitude above 15◦
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
θ [deg]
‖Vr‖
[m/s
]
λ = 1.5λ = 2λ = 2.5λ = 3λ = 3.5
Incidence velocity (Vr ) vs. θ
Increases with λ
Influences local Reynolds number
Performance study
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 21 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic AnalysisPreliminary AnalysisCFD Modeling
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 22 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Models characteristics
Zone I
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Blade 1
Blade 2Blade 3
Shaft
Outlet
Inlet Wall
Wall
Interface
Considerations
Vinlet = 5m/s
RANS equations
Realizable k–ε model
Two-Layer approach
All y+ wall treatment
Six values of λ Mesh
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 23 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Typical torque curve
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360−2
0
2
4
6
θ [deg]
Tor
qu
e[N
m]
MT Mt Blade 1 Mt Blade 2 Mt Blade 3
NACA 2415λ = 3
Turbine efficiency: CP =Pa
Pw=
MTa ω12 ρS V 3∞
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 24 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Comparison of efficiencies
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0012NACA 0015NACA 0018NACA 2412NACA 2415NACA 2418NACA 4412NACA 4415NACA 4418NACA 6412NACA 6415NACA 6418 Overall view
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 25 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Comparison of efficiencies
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0012NACA 2412NACA 4412NACA 6412
Curvature effect12% thickness
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 25 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Comparison of efficiencies
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 4412NACA 4415NACA 4418
Thickness effect4% curvature
Complete
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 25 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Flow pattern
(a) θ = 246◦ (b) θ = 264◦ (c) θ = 276◦
(d) θ = 305◦ (e) θ = 325◦ (f) θ = 360◦
Pressure [Pa]-160 -108 -56 -4 48 100
NACA 2415 λ = 1
Higher α
Evident flowdetachment
Doublet
λ = 3
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 26 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Conclusion of the analysis
Effect of curvature increase
Reduction of peak efficiency
Self-starting characteristics notcaptured
Effect of thickness increase
Not clear tendency
From 12% to 15%, apparentimprovement
Results at lower λ
Unexpected behavior:self–starting
Possible simulation problems:dynamic stall
Results at higher λ
Peak value close to theoreticallimit
Results considered qualitativelyfor airfoil selection
Selected airfoils for further analysis
NACA 0015 NACA 2415
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 27 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Conclusion of the analysis
Effect of curvature increase
Reduction of peak efficiency
Self-starting characteristics notcaptured
Effect of thickness increase
Not clear tendency
From 12% to 15%, apparentimprovement
Results at lower λ
Unexpected behavior:self–starting
Possible simulation problems:dynamic stall
Results at higher λ
Peak value close to theoreticallimit
Results considered qualitativelyfor airfoil selection
Selected airfoils for further analysis
NACA 0015 NACA 2415
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 27 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Conclusion of the analysis
Effect of curvature increase
Reduction of peak efficiency
Self-starting characteristics notcaptured
Effect of thickness increase
Not clear tendency
From 12% to 15%, apparentimprovement
Results at lower λ
Unexpected behavior:self–starting
Possible simulation problems:dynamic stall
Results at higher λ
Peak value close to theoreticallimit
Results considered qualitativelyfor airfoil selection
Selected airfoils for further analysis
NACA 0015 NACA 2415
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 27 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Conclusion of the analysis
Effect of curvature increase
Reduction of peak efficiency
Self-starting characteristics notcaptured
Effect of thickness increase
Not clear tendency
From 12% to 15%, apparentimprovement
Results at lower λ
Unexpected behavior:self–starting
Possible simulation problems:dynamic stall
Results at higher λ
Peak value close to theoreticallimit
Results considered qualitativelyfor airfoil selection
Selected airfoils for further analysis
NACA 0015 NACA 2415
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 27 / 50
2-D Aerodynamic Analysis CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Conclusion of the analysis
Effect of curvature increase
Reduction of peak efficiency
Self-starting characteristics notcaptured
Effect of thickness increase
Not clear tendency
From 12% to 15%, apparentimprovement
Results at lower λ
Unexpected behavior:self–starting
Possible simulation problems:dynamic stall
Results at higher λ
Peak value close to theoreticallimit
Results considered qualitativelyfor airfoil selection
Selected airfoils for further analysis
NACA 0015 NACA 2415
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 27 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Simplified CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic AnalysisSimplified CFD ModelingDetailed CFD Modeling
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 28 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Simplified CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Simplified model characteristics
Zone I
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Outlet
Inlet Wall
Wall
Interface
Considerations
Equivalent to 2-D models Four mesh sizes Mesh
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 29 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Simplified CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Efficiency
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
2-D model3-D model
NACA 0015
Lower peak
Unrealisticat low λ
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 30 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Simplified CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Tip vortex visualization
∆x = 0.15m ∆x = 0.3m
Vorticity [s−1]0 24 48 72 96 120
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 31 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic AnalysisSimplified CFD ModelingDetailed CFD Modeling
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 32 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Detailed model characteristics
Zone I
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Zone V
Zone V
Zone V
Outlet
Inlet Wall
Wall
Interface
Considerations
Equivalent to 3-D Simplified Five mesh sizes Mesh
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 33 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface
Increase mesh density
Better turbulence modeling: LES
Constraint
Last stages of involvement
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface
Increase mesh density
Better turbulence modeling: LES
Constraint
Last stages of involvement
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface
Increase mesh density
Better turbulence modeling: LES
Constraint
Last stages of involvement
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface ⇒ Not affecting results
Increase mesh density
Better turbulence modeling: LES
Constraint
Last stages of involvement
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface ⇒ Not affecting results
Increase mesh density ⇒ Computational power limit
Better turbulence modeling: LES ⇒ Computational power limit
Constraint
Last stages of involvement
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface ⇒ Not affecting results
Increase mesh density ⇒ Computational power limit
Better turbulence modeling: LES ⇒ Computational power limit
Constraint
Last stages of involvement
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
3-D Aerodynamic Analysis Detailed CFD Modeling
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Results. Inconveniences
Problems
Solution does not converge Divergence of flow variables
Possible causes
Complex geometries Mesh quality
Turbulence model
Possible solutions
Alternative designs for the interface ⇒ Not affecting results
Increase mesh density ⇒ Computational power limit
Better turbulence modeling: LES ⇒ Computational power limit
Constraint
Last stages of involvement ⇒ Task continued based on this experience
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 34 / 50
Structural Design Load Assessment
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural DesignLoad AssessmentTurbine Materials
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 35 / 50
Structural Design Load Assessment
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Origin of loads
Aerodynamic loads
Operational: oscillatory pressure loads, friction loads
Non–operational: pressure loads while braked, friction loads
Inertial loads
Operational: rotation, gravity
Non–operational: gravity, installation and transportation
Accidental loads
Impact of foreign objects
Installation and transportation
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 36 / 50
Structural Design Load Assessment
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Origin of loads
Aerodynamic loads
Operational: oscillatory pressure loads, friction loads
Non–operational: pressure loads while braked, friction loads
Inertial loads
Operational: rotation, gravity
Non–operational: gravity, installation and transportation
Accidental loads
Impact of foreign objects
Installation and transportation
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 36 / 50
Structural Design Load Assessment
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Origin of loads
Aerodynamic loads
Operational: oscillatory pressure loads, friction loads
Non–operational: pressure loads while braked, friction loads
Inertial loads
Operational: rotation, gravity
Non–operational: gravity, installation and transportation
Accidental loads
Impact of foreign objects
Installation and transportation
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 36 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural DesignLoad AssessmentTurbine Materials
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 37 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Diverse considerations
Previous work
Composite materials selected: glass fiber – epoxy
Isotropic behavior for the analysis
Efforts on the blades
Global bending along the main axis
Global bending along the secondary axis
Torsion
Local effects
Layout optimization
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 38 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Diverse considerations
Previous work
Composite materials selected: glass fiber – epoxy
Isotropic behavior for the analysis
Efforts on the blades
Global bending along the main axis
Global bending along the secondary axis
Torsion
Local effects
Layout optimization
0◦
0◦
0◦/90◦
±45◦
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 38 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Diverse considerations
Previous work
Composite materials selected: glass fiber – epoxy
Isotropic behavior for the analysis
Efforts on the blades
Global bending along the main axis
Global bending along the secondary axis
Torsion
Local effects
Layout optimization
0◦
0◦
0◦/90◦
±45◦
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 38 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Diverse considerations
Previous work
Composite materials selected: glass fiber – epoxy
Isotropic behavior for the analysis
Efforts on the blades
Global bending along the main axis
Global bending along the secondary axis
Torsion
Local effects
Layout optimization
0◦
0◦
0◦/90◦
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 38 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Diverse considerations
Previous work
Composite materials selected: glass fiber – epoxy
Isotropic behavior for the analysis
Efforts on the blades
Global bending along the main axis
Global bending along the secondary axis
Torsion
Local effects
Layout optimization
0◦
0◦
0◦/90◦
±45◦
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 38 / 50
Structural Design Turbine Materials
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Diverse considerations
Previous work
Composite materials selected: glass fiber – epoxy
Isotropic behavior for the analysis
Efforts on the blades
Global bending along the main axis
Global bending along the secondary axis
Torsion
Local effects
Layout optimization
Core
0◦
0◦
0◦/90◦
±45◦
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 38 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Motivation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load EstimationMotivationImplementationApplication
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 39 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Motivation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Motivation
Considerations
Decoupled analysis
Early structural optimization
Need for aerodynamic loads
3-D CFD: time consuming
Need for alternative solution
Proposal
Preliminary load assessmentbased on 2-D CFD
Early structural analysis
Two iteration loops
Generation of the
possible solutions
Simplified aero-
dynamic analysis
Choosing of
a solution
Aerodynamic
simulation
Structural verification
Results are
satisfactory?
Yes
No
Flu
id–S
tru
ctu
re
dec
oup
led
anal
ysi
s
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 40 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Motivation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Motivation
Considerations
Decoupled analysis
Early structural optimization
Need for aerodynamic loads
3-D CFD: time consuming
Need for alternative solution
Proposal
Preliminary load assessmentbased on 2-D CFD
Early structural analysis
Two iteration loops
Generation of thepossible solutions
Simplified aerodynamicanalysis
Simplified structuralanalysis
Results aresatisfactory?
Choosing of thesolution
Aerodynamicsimulation
Structural verification
Results aresatisfactory?
Yes
Yes
No
Sec
ond
Iter
atio
nL
oop
No
Fir
stIt
erat
ion
Loop
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 40 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Implementation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load EstimationMotivationImplementationApplication
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 41 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Implementation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General description2-D pressure distribution
3-D corrected distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
θ ⇐⇒ z
Data conditioning
Finalestimation
3-D simplified distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
Shape function
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
z [m]
f C(z
)
fC1(z)fC2(z)
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 42 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Implementation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General description2-D pressure distribution
3-D corrected distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
θ ⇐⇒ z
Data conditioning
Finalestimation
3-D simplified distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
Shape function
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
z [m]
f C(z
)
fC1(z)fC2(z)
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 42 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Implementation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General description2-D pressure distribution
3-D corrected distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
θ ⇐⇒ z
Data conditioning
Finalestimation
3-D simplified distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
Shape function
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
z [m]
f C(z
)
fC1(z)fC2(z)
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 42 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Implementation
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
General description2-D pressure distribution
3-D corrected distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
θ ⇐⇒ z
Data conditioning
Finalestimation
3-D simplified distribution
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
Shape function
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
z [m]
f C(z
)
fC1(z)fC2(z)
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 42 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Application
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load EstimationMotivationImplementationApplication
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 43 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Application
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Preliminary evaluationApproximation
P′′3D(θj , zk) [Pa]
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−100
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
3-D CFD simplified model
P3D(θ, z) [Pa]0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−100
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
Observations
Good general shape correlation
Blunt pressure reduction at tips
Higher peak values
Less oscillatory
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 44 / 50
Simplified Load Estimation Application
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Preliminary evaluationApproximation
P′′3D(θj , zk) [Pa]
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]
−100
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
3-D CFD simplified model
P3D(θ, z) [Pa]0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
θ [deg]
z[m
]−100
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
1
Observations
Good general shape correlation
Blunt pressure reduction at tips
Higher peak values
Less oscillatory
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 44 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Summary
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and RecommendationsSummaryLimitations and Future Work
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 45 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Summary
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Summary I
Turbine Design
Several work flows proposed
Flexibility to adapt to the analysis methodology
Blade support at extremities
Continuity in forces, better efficiencyDesigns to reduce negative tip vortex effects
Three alternative designs proposed for the blade–support interface
Efficiencies to be evaluated
Aerodynamic analysis
Wide study with 2-D CFD analysis
Selection of two candidate airfoils
Further studies started with 3-D CFD analysis.
Simplified models captured the tip vorticesMore realistic efficiency curve
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 46 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Summary
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Summary I
Turbine Design
Several work flows proposed
Flexibility to adapt to the analysis methodology
Blade support at extremities
Continuity in forces, better efficiencyDesigns to reduce negative tip vortex effects
Three alternative designs proposed for the blade–support interface
Efficiencies to be evaluated
Aerodynamic analysis
Wide study with 2-D CFD analysis
Selection of two candidate airfoils
Further studies started with 3-D CFD analysis.
Simplified models captured the tip vorticesMore realistic efficiency curve
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 46 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Summary
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Summary II
Structural analysis
Load assessment
Description of the loads affecting the turbine
Material optimization
Proposal for material use according to solicitations
Development of a simplified method for preliminary studies
3-D pressure distributions estimated from 2-D CFD modelsPreliminary trials result promising
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 47 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Limitations and Future Work
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Outline
1 Motivation
2 Turbine Design
3 2-D Aerodynamic Analysis
4 3-D Aerodynamic Analysis
5 Structural Design
6 Simplified Load Estimation
7 Conclusions and RecommendationsSummaryLimitations and Future Work
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 48 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Limitations and Future Work
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Limitations and future work
Inconveniences detected and proposed solutions
CFD models with unsatisfactory results
Improvement of mesh qualityAssessment of the effect of turbulence model and grid–sensitivitySimplification of the domain under studyEfficiency analysis based on alternative methods
Incomplete structural analysis
Proceed with detailed analysis of the material layup
Recommended tasks
Wind tunnel testing
Proceed with model validation and feedback
Material testing
Characterization of unidirectional specimens to improve structural design
Preliminary pressure loads estimation
Continue with the validation and development of the methodology
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 49 / 50
Conclusions and Recommendations Limitations and Future Work
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Limitations and future work
Inconveniences detected and proposed solutions
CFD models with unsatisfactory results
Improvement of mesh qualityAssessment of the effect of turbulence model and grid–sensitivitySimplification of the domain under studyEfficiency analysis based on alternative methods
Incomplete structural analysis
Proceed with detailed analysis of the material layup
Recommended tasks
Wind tunnel testing
Proceed with model validation and feedback
Material testing
Characterization of unidirectional specimens to improve structural design
Preliminary pressure loads estimation
Continue with the validation and development of the methodology
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 49 / 50
The End
Thank you for your attention.
Questions?
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 50 / 50
Back Up Slides
Back up slides
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 1 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
A method to estimate the performance
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3601 5
1
0 5
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
α [deg]F
orce
coeffi
cien
ts
ClCd
Cl(α) ; Cd(α)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 36050
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
θ [deg]
α[d
eg]
λ = 1 5λ = 2λ = 2 5λ = 3λ = 3 5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3602
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
θ [deg]
Tor
qu
e[N
m]
MT Mt B ade 1 Mt Blade 2 Mt Blade 3
0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 40 1
0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
λ
CP
NACA 0015
α(θ) M(θ) CP (λ)
Vr(θ)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
θ [deg]
‖Vr‖
[m/s
]
λ = 1 5λ = 2λ = 2 5λ = 3λ = 3 5
Main aspects
Based onairfoil data
Disregardsinterference
Dependent onquality of data
Questionableresults
Unknown flowcharacteristics
Preliminary 2D Analysis
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 2 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0012NACA 0015NACA 0018NACA 2412NACA 2415NACA 2418NACA 4412NACA 4415NACA 4418NACA 6412NACA 6415NACA 6418 Overall view
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0012NACA 2412NACA 4412NACA 6412
Curvature effect12% thickness
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0015NACA 2415NACA 4415NACA 6415
Curvature effect15% thickness
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0018NACA 2418NACA 4418NACA 6418
Curvature effect18% thickness
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 0012NACA 0015NACA 0018
Thickness effect0% curvature
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 2412NACA 2415NACA 2418
Thickness effect2% curvature
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 4412NACA 4415NACA 4418
Thickness effect4% curvature
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Efficiencies. Complete results
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4−0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
λ
CP
NACA 6412NACA 6415NACA 6418
Thickness effect6% curvature
2D Analysis
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 3 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Torque variation with λ.
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8
θ [deg]
Tor
qu
e[N
m]
λ = 1 λ = 1.5 λ = 2 λ = 2.5 λ = 3 λ = 3.5
NACA 2415
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 4 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D. Reynolds number variation with λ.
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
·105
θ [deg]
Re
λ = 1.5λ = 2λ = 2.5λ = 3λ = 3.5
Flow variables
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 5 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Flow pattern
(a) θ = 246◦ (b) θ = 264◦ (c) θ = 276◦
(d) θ = 305◦ (e) θ = 325◦ (f) θ = 360◦
Pressure [Pa]-150 -100 -50 0 50 100
NACA 2415 λ = 3
Lower α
Lower intensityvortices
λ = 1
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 6 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Blade support design.Alternative 1, transition element.
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 7 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Blade support design.Alternative 2, smoothed joint.
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 8 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
Blade support design.Alternative 3, chamfered edge.
Turbine design
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 9 /
Back Up Slides
Aerojoules project:
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Cristian Jose Bottero
Master’s Thesis
presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree:
“Advanced Master in Naval Architecture” conferred by University of Liege
“Master of Sciences in Applied Mechanics, specialization in Hydrodynamics, Energetics
and Propulsion” conferred by Ecole Centrale de Nantes
developed at West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
in the framework of the
“EMSHIP”
Erasmus Mundus Master Coursein “Integrated Advanced Ship Design”
Ref. 159652-1-2009-1-BE-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Supervisors: Prof. Maciej Tacza la, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Prof. Herve Le Sourne, ICAM Nantes
Reviewer: Prof. Philippe Rigo, University of Liege
Nantes, February 2011
2-D model. Mesh general view.
Cristian J. Bottero (ZUT–ICAM Nantes) Aerojoules Project February 27, 2012 10 /