Cristal History1988 – The company incorporated

1991 – The first pigment was produced1992 – Fully operated with 4 grades at 48,000 tpa

2000 – CRISTAL local shareholders acquired all shares of (KMCC)2000 - Approved expansion to 100,000 tpa2002 - Acquired shares in Bemax - > 30%

2004 - Reached 100,000 tpa capacity 2004 - Approved expansion to 150,000 tpa

Cristal History2006 - Increased expansion capacity to 180,000 tpa

2007 - Commissioned the 5th line with 150,000 tpa capacity2007 - Acquired 100% of Millennium Inorganic Chemicals

2007- became the 2nd largest producer of TiO2 worldwide2008 – Acquired ownership of Bemax

2008 - Acquired ITP - Titanium Powder Company (USA)

About CristalGlobal vertical integration of TiO2 business with clear strategy

Strategic ownership focus in a single industry chainGlobal leading positions in product markets

2nd largest TiO2 producer in the world; 2nd largest chloride producerLeading manufacturer of ultrafine TiO2 and Largest titanium chemicals producer

Best-in-class R&D function & facilitiesLeading mineral sands producer; 5th titanium minerals and 4th zircon

About CristalLeader in development of titanium metal powder production technology

7 pigment plants, 3 mines, titanium plant under construction : 6 countries, 5 continents. Competitive, geographically diverse manufacturing base

Approximately 4,000 employees worldwidetotal Sales (2008) ~ US$2.0 bn. with Global sales presence; excellent productsexecutives/Leaders with 20 years+ relevant Industry/Technology experience

About CristalA multinational workforce

Sales and marketing support in strategic sites worldwide

A policy of continuous improvement (delete duplicate)

1991

1953

1969

1956

The History of TiO2

1791 – First discovered in England 1916 – First commercial development, using a composite pigment

1957 – First commercial Chloride process producing rutile TiO22002 – 60% of all TiO2 produced using the Chloride process

Why TiO2

A naturally occurring mineral existing in three crystalline structuresTwo forms used in the commercial production of TiO2

Tetragonal RutileTetragonal Anatase

The most important white pigment in use today

Why TiO2

Stable, inert, non toxicResistant to light and chemicals

High opacityHigh tint strength

Why TiO2

Diverse applications in: Paints

PlasticsPowder coating

InksPaper products

Rubber

TiO2 productionSulphate process reactions

FeOTiO2 + 2H2SO4 = TiOSO4 + 2H2OTiOSO4 + + 2H2O = TiO(OH)2 + H2O

TiO(OH)2 = TiO2 + H2O

TiO2

TiO2 productionChloride process reactions

TiO2 + C + 2Cl2 = TiCl4 + CO2TiCl4 + O2 = TiO2 + 2Cl2

TiO2

TiO2 productionBenefits of the Chloride Process

Less wasteLess impurities

Whiter productsHigher levels of rutilisation

Better durability

Continuous improvement

High quality products

Respect for the environment

Reliable service

First class sales and technical support