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Art 217- Malversation of Public Funds orProperty

MALVERSA!"#-  refers to EM$E%%ELME#&ta'in( of property)funds for personal use*as provided in t+e penulti,ate para(rap+of art 217 t+e ord .e,be//led0 as used

Acts Punis+ed1*Appropriatin( public property orfunds

2* a'in( or Misappropriatin( t+e sa,e3*4onsentin(5 or t+rou(+ #e(li(ence or

Abandon,ent5 per,itted anot+er tota'e public property or funds

6*"t+erise (uilty of ta'in( or,isappropriatin( t+e sa,e

Ele,ents 4"MM"# to t+e Act Punis+ed1*"ender is a public o8cer2*"ender is in custody of t+e public

property or funds by reason of +ispublic duty

3*9e is accountable for t+e fund)property

6*+at +e Appropriates5 a'es5Misappropriate5 4onsents5 or t+rou(+#e(li(ence or abandon,ent5per,itted anot+er to ta'e t+e sa,e

:#ature of t+e duty of t+e public o8cer5 nott+e na,e of t+e o8ce5 is controllin(

;+en t+e public o8cer +as no aut+ority toreceive t+e ,oney for t+e (overn,ent andupon receipt +e ,isappropriated it t+en t+e

cri,e is Estafa not Malversation &

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sa,e situation +e standard of care is co,,ensurate to t+esituation

!n situation +ere Malversation

is not co,,itted t+rou(+ne(li(ence5 lac' of cri,inalintent and (ood fait+ is adefense

:;+en a public o8cer5 accountable forpublic funds or property5 failed to presentt+e sa,e upon de,an of a person it+aut+ority to de,an5 t+en it s+all bepresu,ed &rebuttable* to and constitutesas a pri,a facie evidence t+at suc+ fundsor property +as been put for personal use9ence5 a public o8cer ,ay be convictedfor Malversation even it+out directevidence if +e is unable to e=plainsatisfactorily t+e loss of suc+ funds orproperty

:!f upon de,and5 t+e public o8ceri,,ediately presented t+e ,oney t+en t+epresu,ption is rebutted and no pri,a facieevidence is establis+ed +e de,and itself +oever is not a necessary ele,ent toconstitute Malversation if ot+er evidence ispresented

:+e return of t+e property or funds,alversed is only a ,iti(atin(circu,stance si,ilar to t+at of voluntarysurrender5 it+ furt+er uali?cations t+at it,ust be pro,pt +e reason be+ind is t+at

da,a(e is not ele,ent of Malversation ast+e penalty is based on t+e a,ountinvolved and not t+e da,a(e

:+ere is a co,ple= cri,e of Malversationt+rou(+ falsi?cation of public docu,ent byrec'less ne(li(ence

Art 21B- Failure of Accountable "8cer toRender Accounts

Ele,ents1* +e oender is a public o8cer5 in

service or separated fro, servicet+erefro, by resi(nation or any ot+ercause

2* +at t+e public o8cer is accountablefor public funds or property

3* +at t+ere is a la or re(ulationreuirin( t+e renderin( of suc+accounts to t+e 4"A or t+e ,unicipal

treasurer6* +e oender fails to render account

to ,ont+s fro, t+e ti,e t+eaccount s+ould +ave been rendered

:Ce,and for account is not necessary

:Misappropriation is not necessary

Art 21- Failure of t+e Responsible "8certo Render Accounts $efore Leavin( t+e4ountry

 Ele,ents1* "ender is a public o8cer

2* +at +e is accountable funds or property

3*+at +e unlafully left5 oleave t+e country5 it+oufro, 4"A a certi?cate indi+is accounts +ave besettled

Art 22G- !lle(al

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1*+e oender5 bein( a public o8cer isentrusted it+ public funds and +ast+e duty to ,a'e pay,ents usin(suc+ funds but fails to do so

2*+e oender5 bein( a public o8cer5 isin t+e possession of a publicproperty5 +ic+ is ordered by aco,petent aut+ority to be delivered

but +e refuses to do so

:Malice is a necessary Ele,ent

Art 222- "8cers !ncluded in t+e Precedin(Provisions

1* Private individual5 in any capacity or+atsoever5 +ave c+ar(e of #ational5 Municipal5 Provincial5revenue5 funds5 or property

2* Ad,inistrator or depository of fundsor property Attac+ed5 Sei/ed5 or

Ceposited by public aut+ority evenif suc+ property is private

:S+eri and Receivers are included inAd,inistrators and Cepository

:Hudicial Ad,inistrator is not includedbecause t+ey are not in c+ar(ed of t+eproperty5 t+ey ould be liable under estafa

:As lon( as t+e private property is in t+ecustody of accountable public o8cer t+enit falls under t+is c+apter

!#F!CEL!I "F P

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papers it+out +avin( t+eaut+ority to do so

6*+at t+ere is da,a(e5 serious ornot5 to a 3rd  party or t+e publicinterest

:+e docu,ent ,ust be co,pleteand is capable of establis+in( or

e=tin(uis+in( an obli(ation

A C"4

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3*+ose papers s+ould not bepublis+ed

6*9e delivers t+ose papers or copies toa 3rd person

@*+e delivery is ron(ful*Ca,a(e is cause to t+e public

interest

:!f t+e papers do not contain secrets t+enre,oval ?r an illicit purpose is punis+edunder in?del ity in t+e custody of docu,ents

:Ca,a(e is a necessary ele,ent

Art 23G- Public "8cers Revealin( Secretsof Public !ndividuals

Ele,ents1*"ender is a public o8cer2*9e 'nos secrets of an individual by

reason of +is o8cial duty3*9e reveals suc+ secret it+out

aut+ority or Dusti?able reason

:Public revelation is not reuired

:Ca,a(e is not necessary

"9ER "FFE#SES "R !RREJ

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:+e reason for suc+ provision is t+at +ena person is elected to a public o8ce5 t+edisc+ar(e of t+e duties of said o8ce is nota ,atter of ri(+t

Art 23@- Maltreat,ent of Prisoners

Ele,ents

1*+at t+e oender is a public o8cer ore,ployee2*9e is in c+ar(e of a detained prisoner

or a convict by ?nal Dud(,ent3*9e ,altreats suc+ prisoner eit+er by

a "verdoin( t+e correction or+andlin( of a prisoner

i $y t+e i,position of apenalty t+at is notaut+ori/ed

ii $y i,posin( anaut+ori/ed penalty in acruel and +u,iliatin(

,annerb Maltreatin( suc+ prisoner to

force confession or e=tortin(infor,ation

:Art 23@ conte,plates A4

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1*+at t+e oender is a Dud(e2*+at +e eit+er

a Assu,es poer pertainin( tot+e e=ecutive branc+

b Prevented an e=ecutiveaut+ority fro, lafullye=ercisin( +is functions

Art 261-