UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

COURSE SYLLABUS IN CRIMINAL LAW I1.CRIMINAL LAW:DEFINITION AND SOURCESA. Definition

B. Punishment of Crimes: Statutory Basis

1. Sources

Constitution (1987), Art. II, Sec. 5

Constitution (1987), Art VI, Sec. 1

Cases:

US v. Pablo, 35 Phil 94 (1916)People v. Santiago, 43 Phil 124 (1922)

2. Limitations

Constitution (1987), Art. III, Secs. 1 14(1)

1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure, Rule 115

Civil Code, Art. 2

Cases: Tanada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)

Pesigan v. Angeles, 129 SCRA 174 (1984)

3. Penological objectives

A.F. Tadiar Philosophy of a Penal Code 52 Phil LJ 165 (1977).

C. Basic Principles

1. Generality of Criminal Law

Constitution (1987), Art. VI, Sec. 1

Civil Code, Art. 14

Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA), Art. V

Cases:

US v. Sweet, 1 Phil 18 (1901)

Liang v. People, 355 SCRA 125

2. Principle of Territoriality RPC, Art. 2

Constitution (1987), Art. 1

VFA, Art. V

Cases:

US v. Ah Sing, 36 Phil 978 (1917)

Miquiabas v. Commanding General, 80 Phil 262 (1948)

3. Prospective ApplicationRPC, Arts. 21, 22

Civil Code, Art. 4

Case:

Gumabon v. Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA 420 (1971)

4. Nullum Crimen Poena Sine Lege

RPC, Arts. 3, 21

Cases:

Bernardo v. People, 123 SCRA 365 (1983)

People v. Pimentel, 288 SCRA 542 (1998)

5. Strict Construction of penal laws against State

Constitution (1987), Art. III, Sec. 14 (2)

Case:

People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, 30 October 2006Pascual v. Board of Examiners, 28 SCRA 344 (1969)

D. General Provisions

RPC, Art. 1, 2II.FELONIESA. HOW COMMITTED

1. Dolo

RPC, Art. 3

a. Elements

b. Presumption of Criminal Intent

c. General and specific intent

d. Intent and motive

Cases:

Manuel v. People, 476 SCRA 461 (2005)

People v. Delos Santos, 403 SCRA153 (2003)

Guiyab v. People, 473 SCRA 533 (2005)People v. Temblor, 161 SCRA 623 (1988)

People v. Hassan, 157 SCRA 261 (1988)

e. Mistake of Fact

Cases:

US v. Ah Chong, 15 Phil 488 (1910)

People v. Oanis, 74 Phil 257 (1943)

2. CulpaRPC, Arts 3, 365

a. Elements

b. Distinguished from doloCase:

People v. Buan, 22 SCRA 1383 (1968)

Calimutan v. People, 482 SCRA 47 (2006)B. CRIMES DEFINED AND PENALIZED BY SPECIAL LAWS

1. Crimes mala in se and mala probitaCase:

Estrada v. Sandiganbayan 369 SCRA 394 (2001)

2. Relation of RPC to special laws

RPC, Art. 10

Cases:

Padilla v. Dizon, 158 SCRA 127 (1988)

Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 269 SCRA 402 (1997)

People v. Saley, 291 SCRA 715 (1998)

People v. Simon, 234 SCRA 555 (1994)

C. PUNISHABLE CONDUCT

1. Wrongful act different from that intended

RPC, Art. 4 (1)

Case:

People v. Cabareo, 349 SCRA 297 (2001)People v. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751 (1988)

2. Ommission

RPC, Arts. 116, 137, 208, 223,234,275

Pres. Dec. Nos. 953, 1153

3. Proposal and Conspiracy

RPC Arts. 8, 115, 136, 141, 186, 306,340

Cases:

US v. Bautista, 6 Phil. 581 (1906)

People vs. Vengco, 127 SCRA 242 (1984)

People v. Valdez, 159 SCRA 153 (1988)

People v. Escober, 157 SCRA 541 (1988)

People v. Elijorde, 306 SCRA 188 (1999)

Li v. People, 427 SCRA 217 (2004)

Teves v. Sandiganbayan, 477 SCRA 309 (2004)4. Attempt

RPC, Art. 6

Cases:

People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil 703 (1935)

People v. Dio, 130 SCRA 151 (1984)

People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 (1989)

People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433, March 30, 2000

Rivera v. People, 480 SCRA 188 (2006)

Velasco v. People, 483 SCRA 649 (2006)

Baleros v. People, 483 SCRA 10 (2006)5. Frustration

RPC, Art. 6

Cases:

People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)

People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)

People vs. Listerio6. Consummation

RPC. Art. 6

Cases:

US v. Adiao, 38 Phil 754 (1955)

People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil 980 (1925)

D. Classification of Felonies

1. Grave

2. Less Grave

3. Light Felonies

RPC, Art. 9

RPC, Art. 7

III.CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. How incurred

1. Commission of felony

2. Wrongful act different from what was intended

3. Impossible crimes

RPC, Art. 4

Cases:

Urbano v. IAC, 157 SCRA 1 (1998)

Intod v. CA, 215 SCRA 52 (1992)

B. Circumstances affecting criminal liability 1. Justifying circumstances

RPC, Art. 11

SELF-DEFENSE, DEFENSE OF RELATIVES AND STRANGERS, DEFENSE OF PROPERTY, DEFENSE OF REPUTATION Cases:

People v. Rubiso, 399 SCRA 267

People v. Enfectana, 381 SCRA 359 (2002)

People v. Genosa 419 SCRA 537 (2004)

See R.A. 9262 Section 3, Section 26 People v. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389 (1983)

People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974)

People v. Alconga, 78 Phil 366 (1947)

People v. Sumicad, 56 Phil. 643 (1932)

People v. Luague, 62 Phil 504 (1935)

People v. Dela Cruz, 61 Phil 344 ( 1935)

People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil 174 (1946)

US v. Bumanglang, 14 Phil 644 (1909)

STATE OF NECESSITY (AVOIDANCE OF GREAT EVIL)People v. Ricohermoso, 56 SCRA 431 (1974)Ty v. People, 439 SCRA220 (2004) FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXERCISE OF RIGHTCivil Code, Art. 429

Cases:

Pomoy v. People, 439 SCRA 439 (2004)

People v. Ulep, 340 SCRA 688 (2000)

Cabanlig v. Sandiganbayan, 464 SCRA 324 (2005)People v. Delima, 46 Phil 738 (1922)

People v. Oanis, 74 Phil 257 (1943) OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIOR ORDERCases;

People v. Beronilla, 96 Phil 566 (1955)

Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 332 (1997)

2. Exempting Circumstances

RPC, Art. 12

INSANITY AND IMBECILITYCases:

In Re: MNaghten, 8 Eng. Rep. 718

(reserve section Library)

People vs. Tabugoca, 285 SCRA 312 (1998)

People v. Madarang. 332 SCRA 99 (2000)

People v. Bonoan; 64 Phil 87 (1937)

People v. Taneo, 58 Phil 255 (1933)

People v. Formigones, 87 Phil 658 (1950)

MINORITYRPC, Art. 80RA 9344 Sections 6 & 58Pres. Dec. No. 603, Arts. 189 at seq.

Rule on Commitment of Children (A.M. No. 02-1-19-SC)

Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with Law (A.M. No. 02-1-18-SC)

Cases:

People v. Doquena, 68 Phil 580 (1939)

Llave v. People 488 SCRA 376 (2006)

ACCIDENTToledo v. People, 439 SCRA 94 (2004)

People v. Agliday, 367 SCRA 273 (2001)

US v. Tanedo, 15 Phil 196 (1910)

People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil 15 (1931)

IRRESISTABLE FORCE/UNCONTROLLABLE FEARTy v. People, 439 SCRA 220 (2004)

People v. Lising, 285 SCRA 595 (1998)

People v. Elicanal, 35 Phil 209 (1916)

US v. Caballeros, 4 Phil 350 (1905)

US v. Exaltacion, 3 Phil 339 (1905)

People v. Fronda, 222 SCRA 71 (1993)

INSUPERABLE OR LAWFUL CAUSES

US v. Vincentillo, 19 Phil 118 (1911)

People v. Bandian, 63 Phil 530 (1936)

3. Mitigating Cirumstances

RPC, Art. 13

INCOMPLETE JUSTIFICATION/EXEMPTION UNDER 18 OR OVER 70 YEARS OF AGE NO INTENTION TO COMMIT SO GRAVE A WRONG Cases:

People v. Court of Appeals and Tangan, 352 SCRA 599 (2001)People v. Ural, 56 SCRA 138 (1974)

People v. Amit, 32 SCRA 95 (1970)

People v. Regato, 127 SCRA 287 (1984)

SUFFICIENT PROVOCATION OR THREAT People v. Beltran, G.R. No. 168051, 27 September 2006

People v. Pagal, 79 SCRA 570 (1977)Romero v. People, 434 SCRA 467 IMMEDIATE VINDICATION OF A GRAVE OFFENSEUS v. Ampar, 37 Phil 201 (1917)

People v. Parana, 64 Phil 331 (1937)

People v. Diokno, 63 Phil 601 (1936 )People v. Torpio, 431 SCRA 9 (2004) PASSION OR OBFUSCATIONPeople v. Bates, 400 SCRA 95 (2003)

People v. Genosa, 419 SCRA 537 (2004)

People v. Muit, 117 SCRA 696 (1982)

US v. Hicks, 14 Phil 217 (1909)

US v. Dela Cruz. 22 Phil 429 (1912)

People v. Germina, 290 SCRA 146 (1998)

VOLUNTARY SURRENDERCases:

People v. Basite, 412 SCRA 558 (2003)

People v. Quimson, 427 SCRA 261 (2004)People v. Pinca, 318 SCRA 270 (1999)

People v. Amaguin, 229 SCRA 166 (1994)

People v. Dulos, 237 SCRA 141 (1994)

PLEA OF GUILT People v. Montinola, 360 SCRA 631

People v. Crisostomo, 160 SCRA 47 (1988)

People v. Jose, et al., 37 SCRA 450 (1971)

PHYSICAL DEFECTS ILLNESSANALOGOUS MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

4. Aggravating Circumstances

RPC, Art. 14

TAKING ADVANTAGE OF PUBLIC OFFICERPC , Art. 19 (3)

Cases:

People v. Villamor, 373 SCRA 254 (2002)

People v. Capalac, 117 SCRA 874 (1982)

People v. Gapasin, 231 SCRA 728 (1994)

IN CONTEMPT OF OR WITH INSULT TO PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

WITH INSULT OR LACK OF REGARD DUE TO OFFENDED PARTY BY REASON OF RANK, AGE, OR SEX

DWELLING

People v. Montinola, 360 SCRA 631 (2001)

Mari v. Court of Appeals, 332 SCRA 475 (2000)

People v. Rodil, 109 SCRA 308 (1981)

People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511 (1978

People v. Banez, 301 SCRA 248 (1999)

People v. Lapaz, 171 SCRA 539 (1989)

ABUSE OF CONFIDENCE AND OBVIOUS UNGRATEFULNESS People v. Arrojado, 350 SCRA 679 (2001)

People v. Mandolado, 123 SCRA 128 (1983)

CRIME IN PALACE OR IN PRESENCE OF THE CHIEF EXECUITIVE NIGHTTIME, UNINHABITED PLACE OR WITH BAND RPC, Art 296

Cases:

People v. Silva, 387 SCRA 77 (2002)

People v. Librando, 335 SCRA 232People v. Jose, supra

People v. Desalisa, 229 SCRA 35 (1994) ON OCCASION OF A CALAMITY AID OR ARMED MEN OR MEANS TO ENSURE IMPUNITY RECIDIVISMRPC, Art. 160

Case:

People v. Dacillo, 427 SCRA 528People v. Molina, 336 SCRA 400 (2000)

REITERACION OR HABITUALITYRPC, Arts. 62 (5), 160

Case:

People v. Cajara, 341 SCRA 192 (2000)People v. Gaorana, 289 SCRA 652 (1998)

People v. Villapando, 178 SCRA 341 (1989)

PRICE, REWARD OR PROMISE INUNDATION, FIRE, POISON EVIDENT PREMIDETATION People v. Uganap, 358 SCRA 674People v. Campomanes, 376 SCRA 307 (2002)People v. Bibat, 290 SCRA 27 (1988)

People v. Lug-aw, 229 SCRA 308 (1994)

People v. Camilet, 142 SCRA 402 (1986)

People v. Ilaoa, 233 SCRA 231 (1984)

CRAFT, FRAUD OR DISGUISEPeople v. Labuguen, 337 SCRA 488 (2000)

People v. Marquez, 117 SCRA 165 (1982)

People v. Empacis, 222 SCRA 59 (1993)

SUPERIOR STRENGTH OR MEANS TO WEAKEN DEFENSEPeople v. Ambrocio, 433 SCRA 67 (2004)

People v. Cabato, 160 SCRA 98 (1988)People vs. Ruelan, 231 SCRA 650 (1994)

People v. Padilla, 233 SCRA 46 (1994) TREACHERYPeople v. Jorolan, 404 SCRA 564 (2003)

People v. Malejana, 479 SCRA 610 (2006)

People v. Castillo, 289 SCRA 213 (1998)

People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)

People v. Gutierrez, 158 SCRA 614 (1988)

People v. Verchez, 233 SCRA 174 (1994)

IGNOMINYPeople v. Bumidang, 346 SCRA 807 (2000)

People v. Siao, 327 SCRA 269 (2000)

UNLAWFUL ENTRYPeople v. Baello, 224 SCRA 218 (1993)

BREAKING WALL, FLOOR, ROOF WITH AID OF PERSONS UNDER 15 OR BY MOTOR VEHICLE CRUELTYPeople v. Guerrero, 389 SCRA 389 (2002)

People v. Lacao, 60 SCRA 89 (1974)

People v. Ilaoa, Supra

SPECIAL AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE/QUALIFYING

RPC, Art. 266-B

Case:

People v. Balgos, 323 SCRA 372 (2000)

`

5.Alternative Circumstances

RPC, Art. 15

RELATIONSHIPCase:

People v. Marcos, 349 SCRA 537 (2001)

People v. Atop, 286 SCRA 157 (1998)

INTOXICATIONPeople v. Marquita, 327 SCRA 41 (2000)

People v. Renejane, 158 SCRA 258 (1988)

People v. Camano 115 SCRA 688 (1982)

DEGREE OF INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATION

6,Absolutory Causes and Other Special Situationsa. Entrapment and Instigation

Chang v. People, 496 SCRA321 (2006)

People v. Sy G.R. No. 171397, 27 September 2006

People v. Lua Chu, 56 Phil 44 (1931)

Araneta v. CA, 142 SCRA532 (1986)

b. Effect of PardonRPC , Art. 23

Rep. Act. No. 8353

c. Absolutory Causes

RPC, Art. 6 (3), 7, 20, 16, 247, 280, 332, 344

d. Acts not covered by law and in case of excessive punishment

RPC , Art. 5

Case:

People v. Veneracion, 249 SCRA 244 (1995)IV.PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE A. In Grave and Less Grave Felonies

1. Principals

RPC, Art. 17

Case:

People v. Ragundiaz, 334 SCRA 193 (2000)

a. by direct participation

Cases:

People v. Dacillo, 427 SCRA 528 (2004)

People v. Nunag, 173 SCRA 274 (1989)

People v. Dela Cerna, 21 SCRA 569 (1967)

b. by induction

People v. Dela Cruz, 97 SCRA 385 (1980)

US v. Idianan, 24 Phil. 203 (1913)

c. by indispensable cooperation

People v. Montealegre, 161 SCRA 700 (1988)

2. Accomplices

RPC, Art. 18

Cases:

People v. Roche, 330 SCRA 91 (2000)

People v. Tolentino, 380 SCRA 171 (2002)

People v. Geraldo, 438 SCRA 78 (2006)People v. Mandolado, supra

People v. Doctolero, 193 SCRA 632 (1991)

3. Accessories

RPC, Arts. 19., 20Presidential Decree No. 1612

Case:

People v. Tolentino, 380 SCRA 171 2002)

People vs. Mariano, 347 SCRA 109 (2000)People v. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 (1978)

V.PENALTIES

A. General Principles

1,No ex post facto laws and other Constitutional prohibitions

RPC, Art. 21

Constitution (1987), Art. III, Secs. 18 (1) & (2), 19 (1), 20 , 22

Cases: In Re: Kay Villegas Kami, 35 SCRA 429 (1970)

People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)

People v. Bracamonte, 257 SCRA 380 (1996)

People v. Valdez, G.. R. No. 127663, 11 March 19992. Prospectivity; Exception

RPC, Art. 21, 22

Civil Code Art. 4

Cases:

People v. Gallo, 315 SCRA 461 (1999)

People v. Patalin, 311 SCRA 187 (1999)

3. Effect of Repeal of Penal Laws

a. With reenactment

b. Without reenactment

Case:

People v. Pimentel, supra

B. Penalties which may be imposed RPC, Art. 25

1. Principal Penalties

2. Accessory Penalties

C. Specific Principal and Accessory Penalties

1. Capital Punishment

Republic Act No. 7659

Republic Act No. 8177 and Implementing Rules and Regulations

Constitution (1987), Art. III, Sec. 19

RPC, Art. 40 , 47, 81-85

Cases:

People v. Echegaray, 257 SCRA 561 (1996)

Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice,

G.R. No. 132601, Resolution dated 4 and 19 January 1999

People v, Esparas, et al., 260 SCRA 539 (1996)

People v. Munoz, 170 SCRA 107 (1989)

2. Afflictive Penalties

RPC, Art. 27, 41-42

a.Reclusion Perpetua

i.As Invisible Penalty

Case:

People v. Gatward, 267 SCRA 785 (1997)

ii.Distinguish from Life Imprisonment

People v. Ballabare, 264 SCRA 350 (1996)

b.Reclusion Temporal

c.Prision Mayor

3. Correctional Penalties

a.Prision Correccional

b.Arresto Mayor

RPC, Art. 27, 39, 43, 44

4. Light Penalties

a.Arresto Menor

b.Public Censure

RPC, Art. 27, 39, 44

5. Penalties common to afflictive, correctional and light penalties

a.Fine

b.Bond to keep the peace

RPC, Arts. 25 , 26, 35, 66

D. Accessory Penalties

RPC, Arts 30-34, 41-45

1. Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification;

2. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification

3. Suspension from Public Office, the Right to Vote and be Voted for, the Right to Practice a Profession or Calling;

4. Civil Interdiction;

5. Indemnification or Confiscation of Instruments or Proceeds of the Offense

6. Payment Costs

E. Measures Not Considered Penalty

RPC , Art. 24

Family Code, Art. 228-229

F. Application and Computation of Penalties

1. GenerallyRPC Art. 28, 29, 46

Case:

People v. Formigones, 87 Phil. 658 (1950)

2. Principals, Accomplices and Accessories in Consummated, Frustrated and Attempted FeloniesRPC, Arts. 46, 50-57, 60-61

Case:

People v. Campuhan, supra3. Effects of Mitigating and Aggravating Circumstances

RPC, Art. 62-64, 67, 69

Case:

Lacanilao v. CA, 162 SCRA 563 (1988)

G. Special Rules

1. Complex Crimes

RPC, Art. 48

Cases:

People v. Escober, supra

People v. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 (1956)

People v. Geronimo, 100 Phil. 99 (1956)

Ponce Enrile v. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217

(1990)

People v. Toling, 62 SCRA 17 (1975)

2. Special Complex Crimes

People v. Fabon, 328 SCRA 302 (2000)

People v. Empante, 306 SCRA 251 (1999)

3. Crime different from that intended RPC, Art. 49

4. Impossible Crimes

RPC, Arts. 4, 59

5. Additional penalty for certain accessories

RPC, Art. 58

6. Where the offender is below 18 years oldRPC, Art. 68

Presidential Decree No. 603, Art. 192

7. The Three-Fold Rule

RPC, Art. 70

Case:

Mejorada v. Sandiganbayan, 151 SCRA 339 (1987)8. Where the penalty is composed of three periods

RPC, Art. 65

H. The Indeterminate Sentence LawAct. No. 4103

RPC, Art. 64

Cases:Dela Cruz v. CA, 265 SCRA 299 (1996)

People v. Campuhan, supra

People v. Saley, supra

I. Execution Service Penalties

1. Execution of Penalties

RPC, Art.s. 78, 86-88

Rules and Regulations to Implement R.A. 8177

In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus of

Pete C. Lagran, 363 SCRA 275 (2001)

2. Effects of Probation of Law

Presidential Decree No. 968 (as amended)

Cases:

Llamado v. CA, 174 SCRA 566 (1989)

Bala v. Martinez, 181 SCRA 459 (1990)

Salgado v. CA, 189 SCRA 304 (1990)

Office of the Court Administrator v. Librado, 260 SCRA 625 (1996)

3. Suspension in case of Insanity or Minority

RPC, Art. 79

Presidential Decree No. 603, Arts. 189-204

Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law, Sec. 32

VI.EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. Total Extinction

RPC, Art. 89-93,36

Cases:Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989)

Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-Finding Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto,

363 SCRA 489 (2001)

B. Partial Extinction

RPC, Arts. 94-99

VII.CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM A FELONYA. General Rule

RPC, Art. 100

Civil Code, Arts. 20, 161, 2176, 2177

2000 Rules on Criminal Procedure, Rule 111

B. Special Cases

1. Insanity, Imbecility and those Over 9 and under 15 Years of Age

2. State Necessity

3. Irresistible Force, Uncontrollable Fear of Greater or Equal Injury

RPC, Art. 101

4. Innkeepers and Similar Persons

RPC, Art. 102

5. Subsidiary Liability of Other Persons

RPC, Art. 103

Case:

Carpio v. Doroja, 180 SCRA 1 (1989)

C. What Civil Liability

RPC, Arts. 104-108

D. Persons Civil Liable

RPC, Art. 108-111

E. Extinction of Civil Liability

RPC, Arts. 112-113

Civil Code, Art. 1231PAGE 19