Creswell Qualitative Inquiry 2e 1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction.

Creswell Qualitative Inquiry 2e

1.1

Chapter 1

Introduction


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Purpose of Course• To review qualitative research• To learn about five approaches to qualitative

research:– Narrative research– Phenomenology– Grounded theory– Ethnography– Case studies

• To engage in the conduct of a small-scale qualitative study using one of the approaches


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Chapter 3 provides an overview of qualitative

research and chapters 4-10 focus on the

five approaches to qualitative research

Flow of Ideas


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What Is an Approach to Inquiry?

• Approach to Inquiry: a specific approach to qualitative research that has a distinct methodology that characterizes the approach that– Addresses a distinct aspect of a research problem– Uses distinct methods of data collection, data

analysis and has a distinct format for report writing

• Specific procedures for conducting a qualitative study– Formation of purpose and research questions– Data Collection and Analysis– Report Writing conventions

Qualitative Approaches and AuthorsAuthor Qualitative Approach Discipline/Field

Jacob (1987) Ecological Psychology, Holistic Ethnography,Cognitive Anthropology, Ethnography of Communication, Symbolic Interactionism

Education

Munhall & Oiler (1986) Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Historical Research

Nursing

Lancy (1993) Anthropologist Perspectives, Sociological Perspectives, Biological Perspectives, Case Studies Personal Accounts, Cognitive Studies, Historical Inquiries

Education

Strauss & Corbin (1990) Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Phenomenology, Life Histories, Conversational Analysis

Sociology, Nursing

Morse (1994) Phenomenology Ethnography, Ethnoscience, Grounded Theory Nursing

Moastakas (1994) Ethnography, Grounded Theory, Hermeneutics, Empirical Phenomenological Research, Heuristic Research, Transcendental Phenomenology

Psychology

Denzin & Lincoln (1994) Case Studies, Ethnography, Grounded Theory, Biographical, Historical, Clinical Research Phenomenology Ethno methodology and Interpretive Practices

Social Sciences

Miles & Huber man (1994) Approaches to Qualitative Data Analysis: Interpretive Social Anthropology, Collaborative Social Research

Social Sciences

Slife & Williams (1995) Categories of Qualitative Methods: Ethnography , Phenomenology Studies of Artifacts

Psychology

1.5Creswell Qualitative Inquiry 2e


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The Choice of Five Approaches

• The approaches chosen: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study research

• Personal experience with each• Popular approaches used in research• Approaches with systematic procedures• Representative of different discipline

orientations


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The Current Book in Response to Trends in Qualitative Research

• Acceptance of qualitative research– Courses – Books– Funding possibilities

• An emphasis on the interpretative approach– Focuses on the self-reflective nature of how the

research is conducted and read– The role of the researcher and participants is

also emphasized• The need for a methodological dialogue

– A trend coming from ethnography– Addresses questions such as disciplinary

power, theoretical future of the field, alternative writing and publication possibilities


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Trends in Qualitative Research

• Advancement of a social justice agenda– Not all studies must have this as a central

feature– Writers should acknowledge social justice and

diversify issues as a part of inquiry and write about them

• Variations within the five approaches– Variations within narrative research,

phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study research

– Core books in each of the areas have informed my writing


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• Qualitative research has become more fragmented– Methodologists that emphasize rigorous

methods– Philosophical advocates that expand the

number of theoretical lenses used– Social justice researchers who advocate the

social ends for qualitative research– Health researchers who use qualitative

research to augment experimental research


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• More sophisticated data analysis– A greater variety of computer software

programs for data analysis are available– Computer programs have more features

• Concept mapping• Ability to import different types of data including

audio and video files• Drag and drop coding• Export to the web• The ability to have multiple researchers code data

as a group


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The Author’s Position

• The author is an applied research methodologist

• The author is a post-positivist qualitative researcher (depending on the day)

• The author is an advocate for rigorous data collection and analysis

• The author is experienced in all five approaches to inquiry

• The author appreciates good qualitative writing


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Chapter 1

Introduction

Creswell Qualitative Inquiry 2e 1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction.

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