CREDENZ

The Finals

set and conducted by

Kaustubh Deshpande and Ruchik More

Format

• IR 1- 20 Questions

• IR 2-20 Questions

• Round 3- Choose Your Poison

• Round 4-Theme Round

1• X was an early French aviator and a fighter pilot during World

War I. X achieved the first ever shooting-down of an aircraft by

a fighter firing through a tractor propeller, on 1 April 1915; two

more victories over German aircraft were achieved on 15 and

18 April 1915. On 18 April 1915, either Xs' fuel line clogged or,

by other accounts, his aircraft was downed by ground fire, and

he glided to a landing on the German side of the lines. X failed

to destroy his aircraft completely before being taken prisoner:

most significantly, the gun and armoured propeller remained

intact. Legend has it that after examining the plane, German

aircraft engineers, led by Fokker, designed the improved

interrupter gear system. In fact the work on Fokker's system had

been going for at least six months before Xs' aircraft fell into

their hands. With the advent of the interrupter gear the tables

were turned on the Allies, with Fokker's planes shooting down

many Allied aircraft, leading to what became known as

2

This is the flag of the Free French Forces during

World War II, led by Charles de Gaulle.

The flag contains the Cross of Lorraine, a

heraldic cross first carried by the Knights

Templar during the Crusades. A variation of the

cross with equally sized arms is also used in the

Catholic Church to denote the office of Cardinal.

Ironically, another variation of the cross was also

depicted in a film as part of the flag of a political

party. Name the political party and the movie.

3

Words X and Y (almost synonymic) both trace their

etymologies back to printing.

X was a printing plate cast from movable type. During

casting, it made sense to cast a phrase used repeatedly as a

single slug of metal. This has been extrapolated in the

literary sense to mean ‘a repeatedly used idea or

expression.’

Y was originally a duplicate impression of an original

typographical element, used for printing instead of the

original. This came to mean ‘an image perpetuated without

change.’

•X- Cliché

Y- Stereotype

4

• X consists of 23 islands surrounding a deep

229.4-square-mile (594.1 km2) central lagoon,

at the northern end of the Ralik Chain

(approximately 87 kilometers (54 mi) northwest

of Ailinginae Atoll and 850 kilometers (530 mi)

northwest of Majuro). Within X, Y is the

northeastern most and largest islet, measuring 4

kilometers (2.5 mi) long. The first Westerner to

see X, in the mid-1820s, was the Russian

captain and explorer Otto von Kotzebue. Y

became famous because of a certain act of

nomenclature in 1946, and X was declared a

5• 9.77 Asafa Powell, August 18, 2006, Zurich

• 9.77 _____ _______ June 11, 2006, Gateshead

• 9.77 _____ _______ June 14 2005, Athens

• 9.79 Maurice Greene, June 16, 1999, Doha

• 9.84 Tyson Gay, August 18, 2006 Zürich

• 9.84 Bruby Surin, August 22, 1999 Seville

• 9.84 Donovan Bailey, June 27, 1996, Atlanta

• 9.85 Olusoji Fasuba, May 12, 2006 Doha

• 9.85 Leroy Burell, July 6, 1994 Lausanne

• 9.86 Francis Obikwelu August 22, 2004 Athens

• 9.86 Ato Boldon, April 19, 1998 Walnut

• 9.86 Frankie Fredericks, July 3, 1996 Lausanne

• 9.86 Carl Lewis, August 25, 1991 Tokyo

6

•If the Rudra Veena is named after

Lord Shiva and the Saraswati

Veena is named after Goddess

Saraswati, why is Ekantha Veena

named so?

• Ekantha Veena is named so because the entire

instrument is build with wood from a single tree, more

specifically, a single jackfruit tree.

7

•France’s greatest historical rivals are

often considered to be England or

Germany. Yet, for a time, this nation was

arguably its greatest opponent. At its

height during the 15th century, it was one

of the richest and most powerful states in

Europe. It’s rivalry with France knew no

bounds—from betraying Joan of Arc to

the English, to fighting on foreign soil

during the War of the Roses.

Which nation ?

Burgundy

8

•The maxim that ‘___________________' is most often cited these days in articles in the British right-wing press that bemoan the apparent undermining of the perceived principle that a man can do as he pleases in his own house, which they hold up as an ancient right.

Which maxim ?

9

•Sue Hendrickson, discovered the most

complete and until 2001, the largest

known X in the Hell Creek

Formation near Faith, South Dakota, on 12

August 1990. This X, was the object of a

legal battle over its ownership. In 1997

this was settled in favor of Maurice

Williams, the original land owner. X was

then purchased by Field Museum of

Natural History at auction for USD 7.6

million, making it the most expensive

T- Rex fossil. The largest one found till that

date. Almost 85% was intact.

10

• Left behind at the NATO summit conference by BillClinton

•

• Left on board Air Force One in Paris when GeraldFord arrived at economic summit

• Jimmy Carter left the contents in his suit when it wassent to the dry cleaners

• Separated from Ronald Reagan when he was shot in1981

• What is being talked about here?

The suitcase containing the

nuclear codes.

11

•The sport being referred to as X preceded

the first recorded instance of it being

called by the singular word Y by about 18

years, with the latter happening when it

became more popular with the middle and

lower class. When that happened, the term

Y gradually began dominating over X and

the then official name Association Y. The

word X is actually British. It derives from

the game's proper name, Association Y.

X- Soccer Y- Football

12• Nigel Bruce

• André Morell

• Robert Duvall

• Donald Houston

• Colin Blakely

• James Mason

• Ian Hart

• Gareth David-Lloyd

• Vitaly Solomin

• Jude Law

• David Burke

• Edward Hardwicke

• Howard Marion-Crawford

• Andrei Panin• ???

Martin Freeman

13

Identify the person/event.

Ernest Hemmingway’s Nobel

acceptance speech.

14

Identify the person.

Salman Khan

15

•X was regarded as one of the greatest and

most influential directors of all time. His

films, typically adaptations of novels or

short stories, are noted for their

"dazzling" and unique cinematography,

attention to detail in the service of

realism, and the evocative use of music.

His film in 1968 broke new grounds and

is considered one of the most innovative

film of all time. This film was recently

cited by Samsung as the inspiration

Stanley Kubrick

Audience Question

Silhouette of ?

1

•A large portion of the $14 Million

budget of the 1981 WWII drama

Das Boot (The Boat) was spent on

building 3 scale model U-boats.

The same year, these boats were

rented off for filming the first

movie in a franchise that involved

Nazis hunting X that would make

their armies invincible. What

2

• Myosotis ("mouse's ear") is a genus offlowering plants in the family Boraginaceae thatare commonly called _________.

• In a German legend, God named all the plantswhen a tiny unnamed one cried out,"_________, O Lord!" God replied, "That shallbe your name."

• Henry IV adopted the flower as his symbolduring his exile in 1398, and retained thesymbol upon his return to England thefollowing year. It was often worn by ladies as asign of faithfulness and enduring love.Freemasons began using the flower in 1926 as a

Forget Me Not !

3

This is a photo from the upcoming movie

“Pawn Sacrifice”. What is this movie based on

?

Match Of The Century 1972

4

• X is a ward within the council constituency of

Selly Oak and home to the X Centre for Visual

Arts. Research by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation

has claimed that it is "one of the nicest places to

live in Britain". Originally the area that was to

become X consisted of a few scattered farmsteads

and cottages, linked by winding country lanes,

with the only visual highlight being the Georgian

built ______brook Hall. Two people needed a site

which was undeveloped and had easy access to

both canal and rail. They named the region X and

began to develop their factory in the new suburb.

How has X become famous since then?

5

What’s blanked out ?

6

X as slang.

1) Slang originating in the early 1800s for stolen goods or booty.

2) Slang originating from the Scottish slang word _______ which was a description of the way some Scots walk (in a swaying motion). The word was altered in the English language to mean "the way one presents oneself".

SWAG

7

Connect.

Ferdinand Magellan

8

• Terry Venables who has managed several club

sides including Tottenham Hotspurs and Leeds

United in England and Barcelona in Spain used

this formation while in charge of Hotspurs. It

was used by England in Euro 96, where they

reached the semi-finals. Since then, it has lost

its popularity in England. It is, however, most

known for being used by Carlo Ancelotti during

his time at AC Milan. This formation has a

popular name and used by the media to refer to

it.

The Christmas Tree

9

These characters mark the entry of someone into the world

of cartoons. Whose ?

10.

•B , also known by other names, is a

traditional Asian game in which players

aim to keep a heavily

weighted shuttlecock in the air by using

their bodies, apart from the hands. The

game is played on a court similar

to badminton and volleyball, or be played

artistically, among a circle of players in a

street or park, with the objective to keep

the shuttle 'up' and show off skills.

In Vietnam, it is known as đá cầu and is

Jianzi

11• __________ lies in his lair in the perpendicular face of a low

cliff — for he is carved from the living rock of the cliff. His size

is colossal, his attitude is noble. His head is bowed, the broken

spear is sticking in his shoulder, his protecting paw rests upon

the lilies of France. Vines hang down the cliff and wave in the

wind, and a clear stream trickles from above and empties into a

pond at the base, and in the smooth surface of the pond the lion

is mirrored, among the water-lilies.

Around about are green trees and grass. The place is a sheltered,

reposeful woodland nook, remote from noise and stir and

confusion — and all this is fitting, for lions do die in such

places, and not on granite pedestals in public squares fenced

with fancy iron railings. ______________ would be impressive

anywhere, but nowhere so impressive as where he is.

Mark Twain describing what ?

The Lion of Lucerne

12

•To protect Earth from an alien race

known as Greys, Rigellian

Recorder 451 genetically

engineered a baby to accelerate the

his technological growth for the

moment they would need to face

the Greys. Years later, this baby

would grow up to use his abilities

to save himself from certain death.

Arno Stark

13

•Monte Kaolino is a ski-resort in

Hirschau, Germany. It is a very

special tourist attraction because of

being the only such ski-resort in the

world. What makes this so special?

It is a sand dune where Ski-resort

is built.

14

The holding company for this stadium approached WG

Grace in 1898 to be the captain, manager and secretary of

a new cricket club. Grace promptly left Gloucestershire and

ran the club for 10 years before it folded.

The stadium was used by a professional football club from

1905, but they were kicked out by the Admiralty 10 years

later during World War I. That club now wants the stadium

back after spending nearly a century at the stadium of their

erstwhile local rivals, who folded in 1921.

It has also hosted athletics, rugby union, basketball,

American Football as well as motor racing. What stadium?

Selhurst Park

15

Connect• Relapse

• Claw

• Phone

• Self

• Door

• Arthritis

• Motility

(List is exhaustive but incomplete.)

High Fives in How I Met Your Mother

Audience Question

• X was an English writer, poet, philologist, and

university professor. He was Rawlinson and

Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at

Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945

and Merton Professor of English Language and

Literature there from 1945 to 1959. He was at

one time a member of the informal literary

discussion group known as the Inklings. Forbes

ranked him the 5th top-earning dead celebrity in

2009. Identify X.

CHOOSE YOUR POISON

INDIAN

RAILWAYSTHE 27 CLUB

POPULAR

BRITISH

AUTHORS

TATA

GAME OF

THRONESCAPITAL CITIES

NORSE

MYTHOLOGY

FIFA WORLD

CUP

1

• This famous junction’s name, meaning “Snake Temple,” comes

from two words. The town is situated close to the tip of the

Indian peninsula, locked with the Western Ghats on all sides.

The western line of this junction runs through some huge

artificial ground-elevations and a number of hill-tunnels. The

town was a part of the erstwhile Travancore state, till almost a

decade after the Indian independence in 1947. It is the best-

managed municipality in the state with a functional e-

governance system and the best city planned and citizen

oriented corporation in its state, given its large population

of Non-Resident Indians. Id the place.

Nagarcoil

2

Name the site where it is constructed.

Chenub River Bridge

The 27 Club

Although some relations were initially

noticed, it was not until the death of N

,about two and a half decades later after the

last occurred ,that the idea of a “27 Club”

was spread in the public perception.

According to N’s biographer, the growing

importance of the media- internet,

Television and magazines and the response

to an interview of N’s mother were jointly

responsible for such theories. An excerpt

from a statement that she made -“Now he's

gone and joined that stupid club. I told him

not to join that stupid club.”

Kurt Cobain

• X was a Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist,

primarily recognized for having been the lead

singer/composer of the '70s rock group Y.

During the Warner Bros. Records era from

1973–75, Y became embroiled in many internal,

financial, and managerial problems and their

music was stifled. By 1975, with no income and

the band's business manager uncommunicative,

X became despondent and he hanged himself in

the garage of his Surrey home, just three days

before his 28th birthday. News of X's death was

not widely disseminated at the time, as no

public comment was made by Warner Bros.

Records. X is often credited as being one of the

X- Pete Ham Y-Badfinger

POPULAR BRITISH

AUTHORS

•Z was a spy and a World War II flying ace.

He once fought six enemy planes while

flying solo. In another battle, he helped

reduce twenty-two German planes into

useless hunks of smoking metal. He was a

Wing Commander and a verified flying

ace by the time he was invalided out of the

Royal Air Force. Z’s short stories are

known for their unexpected endings and

his children's books for their

unsentimental, often very dark humour.

Roald Dahl

•Whilst the writer had hoped for a simple,

private burial at Rochester Cathedral in

Kent he was buried in the South Transept

of Westminster Abbey, known as Poets’

corner, and bestowed with the following

epitaph: "To the Memory of

___________(England's most popular

author) who died at his residence,

Higham, near Rochester, Kent, 9 June

1870, aged 58 years. He was a

sympathiser with the poor, the suffering,

and the oppressed; and by his death, one

Charles Dickens

•TCS, the leading IT services,

consulting and business solutions

organization from India in

collaboration with X Aramco and GE

announced to launch the first all-

female business process services

Centre in Y, the Kingdom of X.

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

• This is one of the many possible explanations given for the

origin of ___________.

• Though there is no official significance to its Indian context,

one of the urban legend goes like…

• In the early days, most of the trucks in India were manufactured

by the TATA Group. During these times, Tata Oil Mills Ltd. Co

(TOMCO) came up with product called X. And in order to

market their product they used the motor medium very

effectively by painting X. This brand had a symbol in the shape

of a lotus flower. Thus it became “_____X________”.

TATA OK detergent, Horn OK Please

• In 2013, researchers discovered a new species of sea slug off the

coast of Brazil. Marine biologists Felipe de Vasconcelos Silva,

Victor Manuel De Azevedoa and Helena Matthews-Cascona

were struck by the similarity between the creature’s pale yellow

fronds and the silvery braids of this Game of Thrones’

character. In honour of the character, the team decided to name

their new find Tritonia ________. Silva observed that the

animal, a member of the Tritoniidae family, has a silver strand

on its back that is especially reminiscent of the character’s hair

“in the last episode of the first season of the show.”

Khaleesi

• An excerpt from a interview with co-creator David Benioff-

"His response was, 'Well, that's the only way I've ever imagined

this could be done, because the movie couldn't possibly do it.

They'd have to cut everything out,' " said Benioff. It helped that

Martin was a huge fan of HBO series like "Rome" and

"Deadwood," added Benioff.

"Right around the time of dessert, he hit us with this question,

which I realized as soon as he asked it, this is the big test

question," says Benioff. "And the question was:

______________________? Which hadn't yet been revealed in

the books.“

___ _____ was a key character, and Benioff guessed correctly.

• "He was quiet for a long time, stroking his beard. And he said,

yeah, you got it. And from that point on, we were partners."

Who is Jon Snow’s mother ?

CAPITAL CITIES

• There are several explanations about the name of this city. All agree that “X“(first part of the name) refers to the hill situated across the Bay of _________, but there is disagreement about the etymological origin of the “Y“(the second part) part.

• Some of the possible etymological roots are given below…

• 1) This hypothesis comes from the "Diario de Navegación" (Navigational Calendar) of boatswain Francisco de Albo, member of the expedition of Fernando de Magellan's, who wrote, "we were on the straits of Cape Santa Maria, from where the coast runs east to west, and the terrain is sandy, and at the right of the cape there is a mountain like a hat to which we gave the name “_________"." This is the oldest document that mentions the promontory with a name similar to the one that designates the city.

• 2) "I saw a mount“ is the most widespread belief but is rejected by the majority of experts, who consider it unlikely because it involves a mix of dialects.

• 3) a less widespread hypothesis of a religious origin, stems from an interpolation in the Diario de Navegación of Fernando de Albo, where it is asserted and referred to the hat-like mount which they named Mount Y. Saint Ovidius was the third bishop of the Portuguese city of Braga, where he was always revered; a monument to him was erected there in 1505. Given the relationship that the Portuguese had with the discovery of this city,

Monte Video

‘A’ remained the royal capital for 73 years—from 1432 to 1505.

It was abandoned for 360 years—from 1505 to 1865—by

subsequent kings due to internal fighting between the royal

pretenders. Later kings moved the capital several times and

established their royal capitals at various locations in Tuol

Basan, Pursat, Longvek, Lavear Em and Udong.

• It was not until 1866, under the reign of King Norodom

I (1860–1904) the eldest son of King Ang Duong, who ruled on

behalf of Siam, that ‘A’ became the permanent seat of

government and capital of ‘B’, and also where the current Royal

Palace was built.

• ‘A’ was also previously known as "City of Four Faces". This

name refers to the junction where the Mekong, Bassac,

and Tonle Sap rivers cross to form an "X" where the capital is

situated.

• Id the capital city.

Phnom Penh

• A was a god with a penchant for gold, and guarded the burning

rainbow bridge Bifrost that led to Asgard, where all the Norse

gods lived. The son of nine mothers, he was born at the end of

the world and raised by the force of the earth, seawater and the

blood of a boar. His hearing is so accurate that no sound escapes

him: he can even hear the grass grow or the wool on a sheep's

back. At the final conflict of Ragnarok he will kill his age-old

enemy, the evil god B, but will die himself from his wounds.

B is one of the major deities in the Norse pantheon. He is

regarded as one of Aesir and is connected with fire and magic,

and can assume many different shapes. B's mistress is the

giantess Angrboda, and with her he is the father of three

monsters.

A- Heimdall B- Loki

• The original Germanic god of war and the patron god of justice,

the precursor of Odin. At the time of the Vikings, Y had to make

way for Odin, who became the god of war himself. Y was by

then regarded as Odin's son. He is the boldest of the gods, who

inspires courage and heroism in battle. Y is represented as a

man with one hand, because his right hand was bitten off by the

gigantic wolf Fenrir . His attribute is a spear; the symbol of

justice, as well as a weapon. This god is identified with Mars

after whom Tuesday is named.

Tyr

• After seeing his dream of making a strong challenge for

the World Cup fizzle into the air, X said he wants Y to win the

trophy.

• According to X, he was fired up for the tournament with Z but

internal wrangling within the team affected their performance as

they failed to win a single match.

• “It was crazy but now that its over, we have to concentrate on

the immediate future. I couldn’t win it this time with Z but I am

hoping Y does it.

• W.r.t. World Cup 2014, Id X , Y and Z.

X- Kevin Prince Boateng Y- Jerome

Boateng Z- Ghana

1966-England

2002-South Korea-Japan

2010-South Africa

2014-Brazil

All these teams knocked out the

defending champions in the group stage.

THEME ROUND1st set – 7 questions

2nd set – 6 questions

1• X is one of the 18 first class county cricket

clubs which make up the English and Welsh

national cricket structure. The club's limited

overs team is called the ____Spitfires after

the Supermarine Spitfire. ____County Cricket

Club’s official mascot is Victa the horse.

Victa represents Horsa, the horse which

features in the ____ County Council arms,

which is closely associated with the ____

county motto, Invicta, which has been used for

centuries.

Which Club ?

2

• The "Travolta dress" , one of the most famous

dresses once owned by Y, was worn for the first time at

a gala dinner at the White House in November 1985. It

is named after the American actor John Travolta.

Designed by London-born Victor Edelstein, the

Travolta dress is an off-the-shoulder midnight

blue velvet evening gown. It was inspired by

Edwardian fashion, giving it a "slight sweep of

costume drama". The journalist Jackie Modlinger

described it as "dramatic in style" and "regal in fabric".

Y?

Princess Diana

3• Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias, written in 360 BC, contain the

earliest references to ________. Plato introduced _______ in

Timaeus.

For it is related in our records how once upon a time your State stayed

the course of a mighty host, which, starting from a distant point in the

Atlantic ocean, was insolently advancing to attack the whole of

Europe, and Asia to boot. For the ocean there was at that time

navigable; for in front of the mouth which you Greeks call, as you

say, 'the pillars of Heracles,' there lay an island which was larger than

Libya and Asia together; and it was possible for the travellers of that

time to cross from it to the other islands, and from the islands to the

whole of the continent over against them which encompasses that

veritable ocean. For all that we have here, lying within the mouth of

which we speak, is evidently a haven having a narrow entrance; but

that yonder is a real ocean, and the land surrounding it may most

rightly be called, in the fullest and truest sense, a continent. Now in

this island of ________there existed a confederation of kings, of great

and marvellous power, which held sway over all the island, and over

ATLANTIS

4

• William West Anderson is an American actor. Having a

distinctive voice, he built a career doing voice-over work on a

number of animated series including appearances on The

Simpsons, Futurama, Rugrats, The Critic, Histeria!, Kim

Possible, Johnny Bravo. Since 2000,he has made regular

appearances on the animated series Family Guy, on which he

plays Mayor _______, the lunatic mayor of Quahog, Rhode

Island. This role has given him a new wave of popularity. In

2010, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk

of Stars was dedicated to him. He received a star on

the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 5, 2012. His star is

located at 6764 Hollywood Blvd in front of the Guinness

Museum in Hollywood, California.

• He is better known by his stage name __________.

Adam West

5The film was originally going to be called Red Dragon, like the

novel. Michael Mann, who called the new title "inferior", said

that producer Dino De Laurentiis made the change after Michael

Cimino's film Year of the Dragon, produced by De

Laurentiis, bombed at the box office in 1985. William Petersen

has commented that another reason for the change was to avoid

any suggestion that it might be a karate movie. "At the

time, Bruce Lee was knocking out Dragon movies, and Dino, in

his wisdom, decided people would think it was a Kung-Fu

movie", he later recalled. Brian Cox also expressed disdain for

the film's title, calling it "bland" and "cheesy". Opening to mixed

reviews, it fared poorly at the box office at the time of its release,

making only $8.6 million in the United States. However, it has

been reappraised in more recent reviews and now enjoys a more

favourable reception, as both the acting and the stylized visuals

have been appreciated better in later years.

Which film ?

Manhunter

6.Connect•

Ryan Reynolds

7.What were these used for ?

To provide Flash during Photography

Justice League

2nd Set

1

• Cricket at the X began in 1882 when the Pickwick Cricket

Club assumed formal ownership of the ground. The first international

match held was in 1895 when Slade Lucas' side visited the island. The

first Test match was held in January 1930. The stands of the X were

extensively rebuilt in a (US$45 Million) redevelopment. Demolition

of the old stadium began on schedule in June, 2005 after completion

of the first Test against Pakistan. The names of the former stands

which made up the stadium were the George Challenor stand, the Hall

and Griffith, the X, the Mitchie Hewitt, the Pickwick, and the Three

Ws stand plus the Peter Short Media Centre. Most of these names

have been retained.

• The X has also hosted many non-cricket events such as matches of

the national football team, hockey, inter-school athletics, Miss

_______ pageants, and concert events. The ground also has a jumbo

TV screen and also a Jacuzzi area, for fans to watch while relaxing in

the pool (similar to Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona). Behind this is a

large grassy hill for fans to have picnics on, which has a bunker

underneath for the media.

Kensington Oval

2

• Who is Mourinho in his usual style referring to in mid May 2014:-

• "I listened to the interview, there was nothing critical in what he said. When the comments come from a player like X it's normal because he's not the kind of player to sacrifice himself for the team.

• "Normally you get these kind of comments from players like him, from players that can't resolve a problem like in the first goal.

• “X is the kind of player who is not so mentally ready to look back to his left-back and to leave his life for him.

• "If you see the first goal of Atletico you completely understand where the mistake was and why the goal was conceded.

• "The perfect team at the top level cannot make these kinds of mistakes."

• "I'm not happy. I speak all season and I try to improve him all

Eden Hazard

3• Reaching India shortly after the suppression of the frontier risings of 1897–1898,Y paid special

attention to the independent tribes of the north-west frontier, inaugurated a new province called

the North West Frontier Province, and pursued a policy of forceful control mingled with

conciliation. The only major armed outbreak on this frontier during the period of his

administration was the Mahsud-Waziri campaign of 1901.

• In the context of the Great Game between the British and Russian Empires for control of

Central Asia, he held deep mistrust of Russian intentions. This led him to encourage British

trade in Persia, and he paid a visit to the Persian Gulf in 1903. Y argued for an exclusive British

presence in the Gulf, a policy originally proposed by John Malcolm. The British government

was already making agreements with local sheikhs/tribal leaders along the Persian Gulf coast to

this end. Y had convinced his government to establish Britain as the unofficial protector of

Kuwait with the Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899. The Lansdowne Declaration in 1903 stated

that the British would counter any other European power's attempt to establish a military

presence in the Gulf. Only four years later this position was abandoned and the Persian Gulf

declared a neutral zone in the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907, prompted in part by the high

economic cost of defending India from Russian advances.

• At the end of 1903, Y sent a British expedition to Tibet under Francis Young husband,

ostensibly to forestall a Russian advance. After bloody conflicts with Tibet's poorly armed

defenders, the mission penetrated to Lhasa, where a treaty was signed in September 1904. No

Russian presence was found in Lhasa.

• During his tenure, Y also undertook the restoration of the Taj Mahal, and expressed satisfaction

that he had done so.

• Within India, Y appointed a number of commissions to inquire into education, irrigation, police

and other branches of administration, on whose reports legislation was based during his second

term of office as viceroy. Reappointed Governor-General in August 1904, he presided over

Lord Curzon

4• After the Group Areas Act was scrapped in 1991, A was

affected by urban blight. Thousands of poor, who were forbidden to live in the proper city, as they moved into the city from surrounding townships like Soweto and many immigrants from economically beleaguered nations around its country flooded into the country and eventually into this city. Many buildings were abandoned by landlords, especially in high-density areas, such as Hillbrow. Many corporations and institutions, including the stock exchange, moved their headquarters away from the city centre, to suburbs like Sandton.

• Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city. These measures include closed-circuit television on street corners. As of 11 December 2008, every street corner in A central is under high-tech CCTV surveillance. The CCTV system, operated by the A Metropolitan Police Department, is also able to detect stolen or hijacked vehicles by scanning the number plates of every vehicle travelling through the Central business district (CBD), then comparing them to the eNaTIS database. It claims that the average response time by police for crimes committed in the CBD is 60 seconds.

Johannesburg

5• Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq, was a prominent Bengali statesman in

the first half of the 20th century. Throughout his long political career, he held many important political positions-including that of General Secretary of the Indian National

• Congress (1916–1918), President of the All India Muslim League (1918), the first Muslim Mayor of Calcutta (1935), Prime Minister of undivided Bengal(1937–1943), Chief Minister and Governor of East Pakistan (1954–1955) and Home Minister of Pakistan (1955–1956). He founded the social democratic Agriculturalist Tenant Party in British India, which campaigned for the abolition of the zamindari system set by the permanent settlement ; and the economic, political and social emancipation of Bengali Muslims. Huq was one of the first major populist leaders in Muslim world in the last century, and a key figure in the emergence of the modern state of Bangladesh.He was popular in Bengal as in India, with a particular title conferred to him for his work in Bengal especially, which became very synonymous with him.

Sher-E-Bangala

6

• X met with less success in dealing with Sri Lanka's civil war. When

he assumed office, he faced a rebellion in the south from the

hardline Sinhala-nationalist, Marxist Janatha Vimukthi

Peramuna (JVP). The security forces brutally put down the revolt and

killed many of its leaders. In the north, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil

Eelam were facing off against the Indian Peace-Keeping Force. The

Indian presence on the island was unpopular, and X requested India to

leave. In order to force IPKF to leave the island, he authorized a

clandestine operation to supply arms to LTTE according to the report

published by the Sri Lankan Presidential commission to inquire into

the 1992 assassination of one of the senior most officers in the Sri

Lankan army. The inquiry also found that X ordered clandestine

supply of arms to LTTE. In the end, LTTE massacred 774 policemen

using the same weapons he had given to LTTE (the policemen were

asked to surrender to LTTE in Batticaloa at X's request).After the

IPKF left in 1990, the government's war with the LTTE resumed, and

resulted in stalemate.

Ranasinghe Premadasa

World T20 Final Venues

Eden Garden will host in 2016.