Creativity where do ideas come from? GEOGERAS TU WIENDI Christine Rottenbacher.
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Transcript of Creativity where do ideas come from? GEOGERAS TU WIENDI Christine Rottenbacher.
Creativity Christine Rottenbacher 20
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Motivation
Context
Theories and Methods
Assumption
Experimental Set Up
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Questions
Why is the question of the creative process
important for scientific work?
How do different disciplines investigate approaches to
understand the process of creativity and measure
resources of creativity?
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Systems View of Creativity
Domain
Society Individual
The Domain is a system of representation of wisdom and knowledge.
The Society consists of a group of gatekeepers deciding what belongs to the domain and what not.
The Individual generates novel ideas, trying to change the domain. (Csikszentmihaly)
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Creative Products
are changes in the domain by the individual that are retained
by society!This model shows possibilities of influencing the
probability of creative acts: A culture can restrict the access to a domain, A change of notation systems can contribute to
creativity (arabic numerals, roman numerals),...
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Creative Process
Many questions concern the nature of the creative process:
What is the role of experience?What is the role of motivation?What is the role of insight, illumination and
unconscious processing?
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Phases of the Creative ProcessINTENTION: to approach a problemINFORMATION: uptake of relevant information
and learningINCUBATION: conscious efforts are restingILLUMINATION: sudden flash of insightVERIFICATION: conscious evaluationCOMMUNICATION: transmitting of the idea to
othersVALIDITATION: public evaluation of the idea
Wallas 1926, Feldman 1988, Csikszentmihaly 1996
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Theories and Methods
For developing methods for empirical measurements we need
coherent theories of creativity.Commonly used methods to study creativity are: biographies (historiometric- quantifiable
parameters) and test- oriented approaches (measure resources for
creativity).
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Methods related to concrete QuestionsMotivation and CreativityIntrinsic Motivation: fosters creativityExtrinsic Motivation: disrupts and suppresses creativity
Intrinsic motivated people are more persistent in their work.Extrinsic motivated people accept the first idea, want their
work to be done.
Amabile (1985)
Method: consensual assesment technique to compare parallel creative works created under different motivational constraints.
inter-rater reliabilities
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Methods related to concrete QuestionsProductivity and CreativitySimonton (1999) analysed the output of creative individuals
(sciences, literature, music). His theory assumes that the quality of each work is
constant, the amount of published outcome is not.Creativity is linked to productivityIndividuals produce their most renowned works, when they
also produce their most work. (80% of total publications in a field are created by
only 20% of the people of the field).Method: historiometric analysis
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Methods related to concrete QuestionsKnowledge and CreativityWeisberg (1986, 1993): experience and knowledge contribute
to creativity.He examined knowledge combined with everyday new
experience and developed the 10 year rule.
Method: task- oriented cognitivist approaches
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Methods related to concrete QuestionsPersonality and CreativitySulloway (1997) made research on personality and discovered a relation between creativity and rebellious
personality.Further experiments on first- born personsand on correlations between IQ and creativity.
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Combination with Gestalt TheoryI have the assumption that creativity is more than problem
solving, creativity breaks usual mental sets (Newell, Simon 1972).Cognitive processes include emotional and bodily processes
of perception, interpretation, decision and action.These processes are induced by getting into contact with one
self, with another person, or with environment.
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Cognitive Neuroscience of CreativityDietrich Arne (2004)Creative insights occur in consciousness.
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Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity5 Qualities of environmental stimuli are
important:
→ modality (seeing, hearing,…) → quality (colour, tone,…) → intensity (loud, soft,…) → structure of time (periodically,…) → place (where)
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Attention and Consciousness
Attention ist the capacity to react to stimuli.
There are centers in the brain, which are involved in the
regulation of attention:Mind (Hippocampus), emotional valuation (Septum, Amygdala, ventrales Striatum) and the
classification ofstimuli:
old :: new important :: unimportant
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Experimental Setup
Task- oriented: landscape planners have to design a
complex environmentMethod: video ananlysis by independent observing
groups