Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda...
Transcript of Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda...
![Page 1: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths
Maciej Karwowski Creative Education Lab, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland
![Page 2: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A few things for the beginning
School has poor reputation among creativity scholars – for several reasons:
School: part of the system creativity challenges the system
Childhood = creativity (transition shocks / 4rd grade slumps)
School supports certain kind of creativity
Creative students usually do quite poorly in school
The best students are usually not so creative
Great creators and school…
But is this poor reputation really well-deserved?
![Page 3: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Preposition (In general)…
School is supportive, not harmful for creativity
Although, probably
It is not as supportive, as it should and could be
And it is very likely that not all types of creativity are equally welcomed in schools
![Page 4: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
1. Not all types of creativity
are equally welcomed
![Page 5: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Creative abilities
Openness Independence
(Nonconformity)
Not all types of creativity are equally welcomed in schools
SELF-ACTUALIZING OR SCRIBBLER’S CREATIVITY?
SUBORDINATE CREATIVITY
REBELLIOUS CREATIVITY
Complex Creativity
![Page 6: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
CL7: Tool relates to hammer, as: Table to chair Toy to doll Weapon to iron knocker do bell
29% 35%
28%
36% 42%
37%
63%
41%
Hammer Socks
Elementary
Vocational
High school
University
If you have black socks and brown socks in your drawer, mixed in a ratio of 4 to 5, how many socks will you have to take out to make sure that you have a pair the same color?
N>10.000 representative sample of Poles
![Page 8: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
2.
Creative students do poorly in school
![Page 9: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Is it really so bad? Three arguments: food for thought
Large scale (mid-term) longitudinal
Meta-analytical
Long-term longitudinal
![Page 10: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Large scale longitudinal study (Karwowski & Jankowska, in press)
A representative sample of Polish elementary school students (N > 6000)
School achievement measured using standardized tests twice – in the third and sixth grade
Creative imagination, measured using TCIA (Jankowska & Karwowski, 2015) in fifth grade;
Correlations (all ps < .001):
Reading – r = .20 (.18)
Math – r = .18 (.16)
Language awareness – r = .24 (.18)
GPA – r = .21 (.20)
![Page 11: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Contrast-groups analysis
Large scale longitudinal study (Karwowski & Jankowska, in press)
Low creative imagination (bottom 5%)
High creative imagination (upper 5%)
Other
Sch
oo
l Ach
ieve
men
t
![Page 12: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
3.
Good students are not so creative
![Page 13: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Contrast-groups analysis
Large scale longitudinal study (Karwowski & Jankowska, in press)
Low school achievement (bottom 5%)
High school achievement (upper 5%)
Other
Cre
ativ
e Im
agin
atio
n
![Page 14: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Increase in school achievement
between 3rd and 6th grade
Creative imagination
(grade 5)
.07***
Increase in school achievement
between 3rd and 6th grade
Creative imagination
(grade 5)
.05***
IQ (grade 3)
.12***
Large scale longitudinal study (Karwowski & Jankowska, in press)
![Page 15: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Meta-analytical argument (Gajda, Karwowski, & Beghetto, 2017, JEduc Psych)
(Probably) the largest meta-analysis in creativity studies to date:
k = 120 independent studies
> 750 effect sizes (correlations)
Total N > 50.000 participants
Aim: to establish whether the correlation between creativity (creative thinking, self-report) and school achievement (GPA / standardized tests) is positive, negative or null?
![Page 16: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Meta-analytical path model (alternative)
![Page 19: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
4.
This is just an average… Schools differ so much…
![Page 20: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
0.76
0.68
0.41
0.34 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.290.26
0.23
0.180.15 0.13 0.13
0.10 0.08 0.08
0.00 0.00 -0.01-0.04
-0.07 -0.07 -0.08-0.11 -0.12
-0.18
-0.26 -0.27-0.30
-0.39 -0.39
-0.59-0.64
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Schools
Co
rre
lati
on
Cre
ati
vit
y-G
PA
Between-school variance is huge (Gralewski & Karwowski, 2012, TSC)
![Page 21: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Follow-up observational study
Gajda, A., Beghetto, R. A., & Karwowski, M. (revised & resubmitted). Exploring Creative Learning in the Classroom: A Multi-Method Approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity
- 10 classes, observed every 5 minutes interdependent observational units
- 3 types of classes: positive, negative, null
![Page 22: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Behavior unit – Teachers f % Caring Encouraging
Creativity
Emotional
Support
Risk
Acceptance
Careful listening to questions 12 13% 0.96
Delayed assessment of ideas 7 8% 0.85
Group work organization 18 20% 0.68
Authenticity, genuineness 14 16% 0.60
Encouraging to search for diverse ideas 17 19% 0.99
Encouraging to create many ideas 22 24% 0.91
Open questions 18 20% 0.90
Encouraging divergent thinking 16 18% 0.88
Atmosphere of creative play 21 23% 0.61
Friendly humor 24 27% 0.90
Using constructive criticism 7 8% 0.67
Motivating to manage failures 8 9% 0.48
Sensitivity to feelings 3 3% 0.47
Encouraging to take risk 2 2% 0.73
Making it possible to choose and make decisions 5 6% 0.59
Acceptance of unconventional and strange ideas 5 6% 0.59
Encouraging to test new ideas 4 4% 0.49
Tolerance of otherness and new ideas 5 6% 0.45
Encouraging to imagine different things 4 4% 0.37
![Page 23: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Differences in teachers’ behaviors across classes
![Page 24: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Patterns of teachers-students interactions
![Page 25: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
5.
Too much focus on creativity decreases teaching effectiveness
![Page 26: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Does focus on creativity hurt? Not really…
Correlation Creativity x School Achievement
Edu
cati
on
al A
dd
ed V
alu
e (E
AV
)
Segmented regression analysis (N = 295 classes, Nstudents > 6000)
![Page 27: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
6.
Great creators did poorly in school…
![Page 28: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Long-term longitudinal argument – the Warsaw Study
1. Initiated in 1974, on all children from Warsaw born in 1974 (whole 1963) (N > 14.000)
2. Several follow-ups on subsamples: 1976 (N=1176), 1994 (N=170), 1995 (N=141), 1999 (N=97+N=49)
3. Results published in Science (Firkowska, et al., 1978)
4. A follow-up in 2015
![Page 30: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Warsaw Study at a glance
1974, N > 14.000
Raven Matrices
1976, N = 1176
WISC
2015, N ≈1936
Creative Achievement
Questionnaire
N = 1936 (Raven + CAQ)
N = 310
WISC + CAQ
![Page 31: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Necessary Condition Analysis
![Page 32: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CFA & SEM WISC & CAQ
IN
CM
AR
SM
VO
PC
PA
BD
OA
CD
g
cg
Perfor
Visual
VC
PO
FD/PS
CFI = .987; TLI = .979;
RMSEA = .024 (.018, .030)
DS
-.16*
.31*
.45**
R2=41%
R2=11%
R2=15%
WRITING
HUMOUR
SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
KITCHEN
MUSIC
DANCE
THEATER
VISUAL ART
ARCHITECTURE
1976 2015
.25
.16
.04
-.02
.11#
-.07
-.03
![Page 33: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Warsaw Study
![Page 34: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
7.
School destroys CREATIVE SELF-BELIEFS?
![Page 35: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Why are creative self-beliefs important at all?
Regulatory focus
Not just an epiphenomenon of personality (discriminant validity)
Different roles in explaining creative achievement and creative activity (potential mechanisms and incremental validity)
Malleability and dependence on social influences
![Page 36: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CBAD Creative Behavior as an Agentic Decision (Karwowski & Beghetto, 2017 [under review])
![Page 38: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Panel A (Study 1) Panel B (Study 1)
Panel C (Study 2) Panel D (Study 2)
Panel E (Study 3) Panel F (Study 3)
![Page 39: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Malleability of CSBs? (Karwowski, Gralewski, & Szumski, 2015, LAID)
CFI = .929, RMSEA = .042, 90% CI (.040, .045)
![Page 40: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
8.
Creative self-beliefs are destructive for school functioning?
![Page 41: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Self-perception (Karwowski, ???)
High and middle school students, N=2293 χ2(df = 20) = 127.17; p < .001, χ2/df = 6.36; GFI = 1; AGFI = .999; CFI = .934, RMR = .026; RMSEA = .048, 95% CI: .04, .057
.26***
-.13***
![Page 42: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The intriguing and puzzling role of students’ self-beliefs
Self-perception role replicates…
Study Correlation (Pearson r)
Regression (β) N Measures
Study 1 SAI x SAC = .51*** 2293 Adjective list
SAI x GPA = .24*** SAI GPA = .27***
SAC x GPA = .08** SAC GPA = -.06**
Study 2 ASC x CSE = .40*** 202 ASC – SDQ (Marsh)
ASC x GPA = .52*** ASC GPA = .44*** CSE – SSCS (Karwowski, et. al.)
CSE x GPA = .14* CSE GPA = -15*
Study 3 ASC x CSE = .64*** 2777 ASC – SDQ (Marsh)
ASC x GPA = .38*** ASC GPA = .41*** CSE – SSCS (Karwowski, et. al.)
CSE x GPA = .21*** CSE GPA = -.05*
![Page 43: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
9.
No place for flow and intrinsic motivation, too many rewards
![Page 44: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Flow at school?
![Page 45: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Intrinsic x Extrinsic Motivation explaining creativity of high school students (N=591) (Karwowski & Gralewski, 2012)
Extrinsic motivation
Cre
ativ
e b
eh
avio
r
High intrinsic motivation
Low intrinsic motivation
Medium intrinsic motivation
Motivational synergy works
![Page 46: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Creative Education Lab, Academy of Special Education, Poland
What could we (and school) do?
![Page 47: Creativity and Education: Beyond the Myths...Prezentacja programu PowerPoint Author Izabela Lebuda Created Date 4/2/2017 11:07:59 AM ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022080722/5f7b91978c64214df94bd32b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
What could school do?
Primum non nocere
Bubbles and incremental changes in instruction and curriculum: still place for new ideas (e.g. ICT based)
Building the growth creative mindset