Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based...

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1 Creating the Somatogravic Illusion in Your Simulator Early Research Results Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Administration Flight Safety Foundation International Air Safety Summit November 16, 2016 Jeffery Schroeder

Transcript of Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based...

Page 1: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

1

Creating the

Somatogravic Illusion in

Your Simulator –

Early Research Results

Federal AviationAdministration

Federal AviationAdministration

Flight Safety Foundation

International Air Safety Summit

November 16, 2016

Jeffery Schroeder

Page 2: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

• Forward accelerations create illusion of pitching

Go around with T/W=0.35

g

0.35g

Apparent direction

of gravity

Reality

Page 3: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

Go around with T/W=0.35 19 degs pitch up

g

0.35g

Apparent direction

of gravity

Reality

• Forward accelerations create illusion of pitching

Perception

Page 4: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

• So what?

• Illusion believed to be a factor in following:

– Skylink Airlines #70 accident, SA 227, Sept. 1989

– Air Transport Intl #805 accident, DC-8, Feb. 1992

– USAir #1016 accident, DC-9, July 1994

– Gulf Air #72 accident, A320, Aug. 2000

– Armavia #967 accident, A320, May 2006

– Afriqiyah Airways #771 accident, A330, May 2010

Page 5: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

• Illusion training recommendations now in:

– “Aeroplane State Awareness during Go Around”

• BEA Study, Aug 2013

– “Manual on Aeroplane Upset Prevention and

Recovery Training”

• ICAO Doc 10011, 2014

– “Scenario-Based Go-Around Training”

• FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015

– “Upset Prevention and Recovery Training”

• FAA Advisory Circular 120-111, April 2015

Page 6: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

• What to do?

– Pure illusion takes too much fore/aft travel

– Takes 10 secs to create 0.35g with cab tilt below

sensory threshold

Page 7: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

• What to do?

– Pure illusion takes too much fore/aft travel

– Takes 10 secs to create 0.35g with cab tilt below

sensory threshold

• Maybe we can temporarily “fake it” and still

provide training value

Page 8: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

Time, sec

0 20 40

Aircraft model

Pitch,

deg

20

10

0

Page 9: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

Time, sec Time, sec

0 20 4020 40

Aircraft model Simulator cab

Pitch,

deg

20

10

00

Old motion

New motion

Page 10: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pilot brief, Task, Method

– Brief: Told it was a degraded visual environment study, reviewed

go-around maneuver…intention was to create a little surprise

– Task: ILS 28R SFO. Flight directors used throughout.

“ATC” calls go around at 200 ft AGL:

• TO/GA switch, flaps 20, rotate to ~15 deg pitch

• Gear up

• LNAV at 400 ft

• VNAV and desired speed at 800 ft

• Flaps retract

• Level off

– Method: (1) Go-around with unmodified motion, night VMC

(2) Go-around with modified motion, night IMC (400/1.5 mi)

Page 11: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Page 12: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Page 13: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Pitching illusion

Column

position,

inches

Time, secs

Old motion

New motion

Page 14: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

14Strongly

Disagree

Disagree Neither Agree

Nor Disagree

Agree Strongly Agree0

5

10

15

Nu

mb

er

of

Pilo

ts

Q5: The DVE scenario gave an effective demonstration of the “pitch up” illusion.

Pitching illusion

Number

of

pilots

10

5

0

15

“The scenario was an effective demonstration of the pitch up illusion”

Page 15: Creating the Federal Aviation Administration · • ICAO Doc 10011, 2014 –“Scenario-Based Go-Around Training” • FAA Safety Alert for Operators #15004, March 2015 –“Upset

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Conclusions

• Illusion training justified by accidents

• Study examined value of “faking” the illusion

• Illusion affected some pilot responses, and

majority felt illusion demo was effective