Creating the Creating the ConstitutionConstitutionChapter 3 Section 1 and 2Chapter 3 Section 1 and 2

State LegislatureState Legislature New Hampshire was the first state with a New Hampshire was the first state with a

constitutionconstitution Soon all 13 states adopted a constitutionSoon all 13 states adopted a constitution Constitution- written plan for governmentConstitution- written plan for government Each state had a legislature, most were Each state had a legislature, most were

bicameralbicameral Bicameral- divided into 2 partsBicameral- divided into 2 parts Each state had a governor- elected by the Each state had a governor- elected by the

citizens or legislaturecitizens or legislature

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation 22ndnd Continental Congress wrote the Articles Continental Congress wrote the Articles

of Confederation (1of Confederation (1stst constitution) constitution) Confederation- group of individual state Confederation- group of individual state

government that bind together for a common government that bind together for a common purposepurpose

By 1781 all 13 states ratified the AofCBy 1781 all 13 states ratified the AofC Ratified- approveRatified- approve Set up 1 house legislatureSet up 1 house legislature

StrengthsStrengths Ordinance of 1785Ordinance of 1785

Prior to American Revolution few people lived Prior to American Revolution few people lived West of Appalachian MountainsWest of Appalachian Mountains

Congress created a system of taking detailed Congress created a system of taking detailed measurements of land and selling itmeasurements of land and selling it

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance Congress created this to set basis for new Congress created this to set basis for new

governments in new territory, precedent for governments in new territory, precedent for admitting states to the union, and outlawed admitting states to the union, and outlawed slavery in new territoryslavery in new territory

These acts spread settlement WestThese acts spread settlement West

WeaknessesWeaknesses Congress couldn’t enforce lawsCongress couldn’t enforce laws Congress couldn’t taxCongress couldn’t tax Congress couldn’t make states do anything!Congress couldn’t make states do anything! Congress couldn’t pass a law without the approval Congress couldn’t pass a law without the approval

of 9 of 13 stateof 9 of 13 state AofC could not be changed without agreement of AofC could not be changed without agreement of

all 13 statesall 13 states No single leader or group over governmentNo single leader or group over government No national court systemNo national court system Congress had to borrow money since it couldn’t taxCongress had to borrow money since it couldn’t tax States went deeply in debt and had to tax citizensStates went deeply in debt and had to tax citizens

RebellionRebellion Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion

Riots broke because states heavily taxed Riots broke because states heavily taxed citizenscitizens

Daniel Shay was a farmer and Massachusetts Daniel Shay was a farmer and Massachusetts tried to take away his farm to pay for his debttried to take away his farm to pay for his debt

He argued that the state couldn’t punish him He argued that the state couldn’t punish him because they created the problembecause they created the problem

He armed 1,200 men who attacked a federal He armed 1,200 men who attacked a federal arsenalarsenal

Rebellion was eventually put down, but it Rebellion was eventually put down, but it showed the need for a strong central showed the need for a strong central governmentgovernment

Shay’s Rebellion VideoShay’s Rebellion Video

AofCAofC AofC lasted for 10 AofC lasted for 10

yearsyears 1787 delegates 1787 delegates

from the 13 states from the 13 states were sent to were sent to Philadelphia to write Philadelphia to write a new constitutiona new constitution

Delegates Delegates unanimously unanimously choose George choose George Washington to Washington to preside over the preside over the conventionconvention

Virginia PlanVirginia Plan President, court system, and bicameral President, court system, and bicameral

legislaturelegislature Representatives were based on a state’s Representatives were based on a state’s

populationpopulation Larger states favoredLarger states favored

Larger population = larger say in governmentLarger population = larger say in government Smaller states hatedSmaller states hated

Feared they would not have a voiceFeared they would not have a voice

New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan Government has the power to tax and Government has the power to tax and

regulate traderegulate trade Unicameral legislature and the number of Unicameral legislature and the number of

representatives is equal from each staterepresentatives is equal from each state Smaller states favored Smaller states favored

Thought they would have an equal say in Thought they would have an equal say in governmentgovernment

Larger states hatedLarger states hated Thought since they are larger they should get Thought since they are larger they should get

more of a say in governmentmore of a say in government

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise

Delegates couldn’t agree on VA or NJ PlanDelegates couldn’t agree on VA or NJ Plan Decided to combine plansDecided to combine plans

Bicameral legislatureBicameral legislature One house with representatives based on One house with representatives based on

population (House of Representatives)population (House of Representatives) Pleased larger statesPleased larger states

One house with equal number of representatives One house with equal number of representatives (Senate) (Senate) Pleased smaller statesPleased smaller states

3/53/5thsths Compromise Compromise Southern states wanted to count slaves in Southern states wanted to count slaves in

their population to increase their power in their population to increase their power in the HofRthe HofR

Northern states opposed this because the Northern states opposed this because the South shouldn’t count them if they don’t South shouldn’t count them if they don’t let them votelet them vote

Agreed that for every 5 slaves, they Agreed that for every 5 slaves, they would count as 3 peoplewould count as 3 people

Commerce and Slave Commerce and Slave Trade CompromisesTrade Compromises

Northerners wanted Congress to regulate Northerners wanted Congress to regulate foreign and interstate tradeforeign and interstate trade

Southerners feared Congress would tax Southerners feared Congress would tax exports and stop the slave tradeexports and stop the slave trade

Both sides agreed that Congress could Both sides agreed that Congress could regulate foreign and interstate trade, but regulate foreign and interstate trade, but could not tax exports or stop the slave could not tax exports or stop the slave trade until 1808trade until 1808

Electoral College Electoral College CompromiseCompromise

Some delegates thought Congress Some delegates thought Congress should choose the President, others should choose the President, others thought the citizens should vote for itthought the citizens should vote for it

They compromised that a group of They compromised that a group of Electors from each state would meet Electors from each state would meet together to vote for the President (based together to vote for the President (based on who the majority of their state wanted)on who the majority of their state wanted)

Finishing the ConstitutionFinishing the Constitution Delegates finished the Constitution by Delegates finished the Constitution by

September 1787September 1787 All but 3 delegates agreed and signed itAll but 3 delegates agreed and signed it Now they had to get the states to ratify itNow they had to get the states to ratify it If 9 of 13 ratified the constitution, it would If 9 of 13 ratified the constitution, it would

become lawbecome law

AofC and Constitution VideoAofC and Constitution Video

Federalists vs. Federalists vs. AntifederalistsAntifederalists

FederalistsFederalists Supported the ConstitutionSupported the Constitution Supported strong central/federal governmentSupported strong central/federal government Said US wouldn’t survive without strong central Said US wouldn’t survive without strong central

government (remember AofC?)government (remember AofC?) They wrote The Federalist Papers in which they They wrote The Federalist Papers in which they

defended the Constitutiondefended the Constitution

Federalists vs. Federalists vs. AntifederalistsAntifederalists

AntifederalistsAntifederalists Opposed the ConstitutionOpposed the Constitution Opposed a strong central/federal governmentOpposed a strong central/federal government Thought it would take away liberties Thought it would take away liberties

(remember the King of England?)(remember the King of England?) Lacked a Bill of Rights to protect personal Lacked a Bill of Rights to protect personal

freedomsfreedoms

Bill of RightsBill of Rights Both Federalists and Antifederalists Both Federalists and Antifederalists

came to an agreement with the Bill of came to an agreement with the Bill of RightsRights

First 10 Amendments to the ConstitutionFirst 10 Amendments to the Constitution Protect personal liberties (ex. Freedom of Protect personal liberties (ex. Freedom of

speech, religion, the press, to own a gun, speech, religion, the press, to own a gun, to a fair trial, no cruel punishment)to a fair trial, no cruel punishment)

9 states ratified it, making it law9 states ratified it, making it law Eventually the other 4 states ratified it as Eventually the other 4 states ratified it as

wellwell

Bill of Rights VideoBill of Rights Video