1. Creating Shared Value for Rice in Latin America and the CaribbeanCsar P. MartnezKnowledge Sharing Week CIAT , PalmiraMay 21, 2009 Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor

2. Rice Research at CIAT Must take into account: Internal/external environments. INTERNAL : Change Process in CGIAR: IRRI-CIAT- WARDA Strategic Alliance CIAT Strategic Plan 2010-2012 EXTERNAL: Trends, food crisis, climate change, high prices of fertilizers, etc. LAC comparative advantages Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 3. CIAT MissionTo reduce hunger andpoverty through research that increasesthe Eco-efficiency ofAgriculturefor the Poor Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 4. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT RICE TRENDS CLIMATE CHANGE SOILS MANAGEMENT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES And so on.Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 5. 402.5800 5.0 AfricaarAsia/ye ear .1%2.04.0Tonnes/Ha Tonnes/Ha30 1 600 /y%Millions Millions2 .61.53.020 4001.02.0100.5200 1.00 0.0 00.0 19611980200819611980 200840r 4.0128.0 Latin AmericaeaNorth America ar& Caribbean %/y/ye Tonnes/Ha Tonnes/Ha30 .5 3.09.0%6.0Millions Millions32202.06 4.0 101.03 2.0 0 0.00 0.0 196119802008 196119802008 Production (Tonnes) Area harvested (Ha) Consumption (Tonnes)Yield (Tonnes/Ha) Production, Area, Consumption (paddy) and Yield by regionsPeriods 1961, 1980 and projections for 2008 6. Trends in grain yield(kg/ha) in different rice growing regions(1960-2006). Patricio Mendez del Villar, 2008 7. Rice Growth Rates by Regionsin AmericaVariableCaribbean Cent ral Nort h Sout hYield 1.70 1.791.24 2.17Prod uction3.01 1.482.72 2.42Harvested area 1.32 -0.31 1.48 0.25Comsumption2.87 3.46-- 2.88(pad d y)Food (milled )2.81 3.334.49 2.56Population 1.46 2.411.04 2.05 8. Monthly Average Price of Rice in USD Fob in Bangkok, Houston and Ho Chi Minh City. (source: Osiriz/Infoarroz) 9. RICE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WORLDWIDEA FRAGILE BALANCE 2000-2005 PATRICIO MENDEZ del VILLAR,2008 10. ESTIMATED RICE DEFICIT BY REGIONS 2018 11. Future Needs (Pulver, 2007) 600 500150millones 400 Dficit300 2002/05 2010 2015 2030 12. The rainfall increases from 1089.37mm to 1186mm The wet season gets wetter with 573.56mm instead of 217.21mm in the wettest quarter and is 2.53oC hotter The dry season gets wetter with 11mm in the dryest quarter and an increase in temperature of 3.06oC Overall this climate becomes less seasonal in terms of variability through the year in precipitation Temperatures increase, with a mean increase of 2.74oC The maximum temperature of the hottest month increases from 34.36oC to 38.28oC The minimum temperature of the coldest month increases from 14.98oC to 17.1oC The daily range in temperature increases from 12.63oC to 13.76oC The length of the dry season decreases from 6.78 months to 6.46 months The coefficient of variation of predictions between models is 5.54% for temperature and 14.03% for precipitation 16040 Current Precipitation Future Precipitation Max T Current14035Mean T Current Min T Current Max T Future12030Mean T Future Min T Future Precipitation (mm)Temperature (oC)1002580 2060 1540 1020 5 01 2 3 4 5 6 7Month8 9101112 0 Rice These results are based on the 2050 climate compared with the 1960-2000 climate. Future climate data is derived from 12 GCM models from the 4th IPCC assessment, run under the A2a scenario (business as usual). 13. Estimated Changes in Rainfall and Temperature in LACBased on 2050 climate compared to 1960-2000climateTotal annualAnnual meanPrecipitation Temperature Country rainfall changetemperaturecoefficient ofcoefficient of(mm)change (mm)variation (%)variation(%)Bolivia -13.99 2.847.774.32 Brazil7.91 2.555.873.90 Colombia 50.02 2.386.003.54 Ecuador 118.39 2.086.522.69 Nicaragua-120.54 2.299.202.80 Suriname -120.69 2.24 14.303.54 Uruguay73.53 1.866.804.91 United States -39.20 2.786.895.53 14. CHANGES in FERTILIZERS PRICECOLOMBIA - 2008 NATIONAL AVERAGECOL. Pesos / TonJANUARYSEPTEM BERINCREASEUREA 1,355,667 2,116,00056.09% DAP1,918,6672,949,33353.72% KCL1,527,3332,573,20068.48% Note: Trasportation costs are includedSource: Fedearroz 15. SUMMARYIn agreement with FLAR:see Poster # 84 16. Challenges for Rice Yield potential Tolerance to biotic/ abiotic stresses Climate change Competitiveness of rice sector( production costs, high cost of fertilizers) Reaching end-users Technology transfer Training of new rice scientists Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 17. RATIONALE Rice is the leading food staple in LAC, and demand for rice is growing. LACs abundant land and water resources give it the potential to be a supplier of rice to the world. During 1990-2004 rice yield in LAC expanded annually at 3.5%. There are unique pests and diseases in LAC, as well as distinct grain types and cropping systems. There is a need to develop germplasm and technology appropriate for diverse type of rice production systems and different breeding strategies and rice materials are needed. Eco-efficient rice production systems, with high productivity and low impact on the environment are critical for the future. Climate models for LAC are predicting 2-3 oC increases in mean temperature and greater variability in rainfall distribution. Rice lines with improved water-use efficiency and more resilience to temperature changes will be the Rice Program contribution to mitigate climate change. Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 18. Strategic Goals for Rice Goal: To improve rice production sustainability in LAC, generating food security,increasing incomeand improving health associated with Eco- Efficient production in the tropics with emphasis on increasing the options for the medium-small farmers. To develop stronger partnerships in the region, increasing the capacity to deliver the technological products to the targeted end users. Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 19. Objectives Development of improved rice lines with higher yield and nutritional value Utilization of wild rice species and synthetic populations for the development of resilient rice germplasm to respond to climate change with high yield potential, tolerance to main insect pest and diseases, and good grain quality Development of rice lines with improved water and nitrogen-use efficiency by complementing conventional approaches with advanced biotechnology tools that include molecular markers and transgenics. Development of a regional hybrid rice project supported by a wide public-private partnership. Promoting best management practices and technology transfer to close the yield gap by working with NARs, farmers associations and private sector. Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 20. Strategies The Rice Program will focus on strengthening the rice sector of LAC. Strong research and technology platform driven by CIAT-FLAR-EMBRAPA consortium including CIRAD-IRD partners in close collaboration with interested NARs. Buildingon IRRI-CIAT-WARDAstrategic alliance. Building on win-win partnerships with private sector and advanced institutions/lab. Combining breeding with biotechnology tools. Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 21. OUTPUTS Output 1: Rice germplasm for improving human health and nutrition in Latin America and theCaribbeanThree Millenium Goals and food security are deal with this output. Women and children areespecially susceptible to iron and zinc deficiencies and vitamin A. The costs of thesedeficiencies are high and economic and health indicators in LAC are deteriorating. Biofortifiedrice lines will be Rice Programs contribution to combat malnutrition in LAC.Output 2: Enhanced Gene Pools for Irrigated and Upland Rice in LAC.The genetic base of both irrigated and upland rice in LAC is very narrow. Different breedingstrategies and biotechnology tools in place to broaden the genetic base. Several traits ofagronomic importance, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, have been transferred fromseveral wild rice species into improved rice cultivars. Recombination of favorable allelesassociated with desirable agronomic traits, including tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses,will allow development of germplasm for diverse types of production systems in line with aneco-efficient rice production.Output 3: Genotypic and Phenotypic Platforms for Rice EnhancementA lot of molecular and phenotypic data have been generated in rice on different agronomictraits, a field phenotyping platform is in place, and transformed rice lines with droughttolerance are available. CIAT has permission from the Colombian National BiosafetyCommittee and excellent biosafety and field facilities for the generation and testing oftransformed rice. A marker-assisted selection program is underway to combine phenotypic andmolecular data. Lines with better water and nitrogen-use efficiency will allow savings in waterand fertilizer costs. Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 22. OUTPUT ONE: Genotype x Environment experiments conducted by INTA. Nicaragua in two locations (2008) IrrigatedUplandSebaco PosoltegaFe ZnFeZnGenotypes (mg/kg) sdt (mg/kg) sdt (mg/kg) sdt (mg/kg)sdt FLO 3001-MP2-1P-3P-M5.47 0.48 14.70 0.565.970.26 10.78 1.03 FLO 3724-3P-5-1P-M6.00 0.20 17.68 1.636.431.73 14.60 2.95 FLO 3779-4P-9-3P-1P-M 6.63 1.42 16.29 1.225.610.28 14.65 3.86 FLO 3801-1P-1-1P-2P-M 5.23 0.69 17.17 0.945.290.11 15.07 0.98 FLO 4052-2P-3-2P-2P-M 5.47 0.32 16.01 0.337.250.91 14.62 0.92 CIWINI4.74 0.74 13.81 0.635.280.45 11.67 0.80 CT 15679-17-2-7-5-5-M 5.38 0.08 22.53 0.945.410.68 13.44 1.20 CT 15679-17-1-1-1-4-M 4.09 0.41 20.99 0.575.540.77 12.27 1.08 CT 15679-3-4-2-3-3-M4.69 0.19 20.82 0.415.571.06 15.09 0.76 CT 15691-4-5-2-2-1-M5.78 1.36 16.24 0.747.530.67 13.04 1.41 ISA-405.30 0.41 15.44 0.237.512.81 12.24 0.34 CT 15679-17-1-4-5-2-M 4.47 0.53 20.67 1.175.811.87 14.21 1.03 INTA DORADO 6.45 0.88 12.37 0.527.631.18 11.40 6.08 FEDEARROZ-505.36 0.62 20.20 0.256.921.06 12.76 4.48 M ean 4.98 16.055.77 12.36 23. Potential Impact of Saavedra 27 in the Bolivian DietLa Contribucin a la Ingesta de Hierro y Zinc 700600500 Microgramo 400 P aitits/da 300 Tari200 Saavedra 271000 Hierro Zinc Saavedra 27, could contribute 197 g of iron per day and 627 g of zincper day to the Bolivian diet. This means 18% y 28% more iron thanPaitit and Tari, respectively and 17% and 5% more zinc compared to Paitit and Tari, respectively. 24. Output 2: Broaden Genetic Base Grain Yield of several rice genotypes evaluated underrainfed conditions in Buenaventura, Valle. Colombia. BS Thesis. Yener Caicedo. Universidad del Pacifico. 2008Genotypes Climate data: Rainfall 6.400mmTemp:25-26 oC;Daylight:3hr/day; Rel.humidity:86-88%.Low fertility 25. Output 3:PlatformCaiap x MG12 CSSLs PopulationOryza sativa Oryza glaberrima HeterozygousMissing data Alien 64 lines covering the whole Oryza glaberrima genome Small regions lacking on Chr. 2 and 4 Genotyping with 200 SSRs (125 automatically selected by CSSL Finder program) Strong distortion segregation on Chr.6 26. Phenotypic Platform for Gene TechnologyEvaluation in Rice - Palmira 27. LINKAGES Impact Studies(D.White): Impact Study of Cirads rice genetic resources in LAC. Salomon Prez(AgroSalud): Preliminary impact studies on the adoption of rice varieties having more iron and zinc in Bolivia Climate Change(GIS): Better assessment of changes in rainfall, temperature and solar radiation in specific rice growing areas. Soils: Phenotypic platform in place for nitrogen-use efficiency. Link with I. Rao Improved Crop Management and water harvest technologies (FLAR): There is a need for additional help. Capacity Building and Training: Genotypic and Phenotypic PlatformEco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 28. REACHING-END USERS 1- Development of Breeding, Genomic and Training Tools: 2- DELIVERY STRATEGY: Breeding Tools: Rice lines, parental sources, and populations CIATs Nurseries delivered via FLAR(16 members), AgroSalud (7 members), IRRI-INGER Global, Seed Companies, Universities, etc. SMTA is used. Genomic Tools: Introgression lines, CSSLs, maps, software, databases, protocols and markers Delivered to interested partners, advanced lab. , universities, GCP (projects) 3- Training Tools and Capacity Building: Reports, Books, Papers, Conferences, Workshops Several means are used: Web pages: CIAT, Rice Program, AgroSalud Print materials : bulletins, books , papers. Participation in Conferences and Training Courses, in house-service training, Workshops and Field days Phenotypic and Genomic Platform linked to Biotechnology Platform. Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor 29. Thanks for your kind attention and comments c.p.martinez@cgiar.org Eco-efficient Agriculture for the Poor