Creating Russia

Slavs & Vikings

Rurik- builds cities like KievVladimir I- 989 CE

Christianity or Islam?

Mongols Invade

Batu KhanRule for over 200 yearsCreated tributes to Tatar State

Low on $, cannot build

Ivan The Great

Ivan III 1480 CE

Refused to pay tributes

Created the Kremlin, filled cities with churches

Ivan The Terrible

Ivan IV 1533 CE

Began conquest & Colonialization of Siberia

“Reign of Terror”

First Czar (Supreme Ruler)

Romanov Dynasty1613 CERule for 304 years1698 CE- Peter the Great

Western Society- cut beards of nobles

Revolutionary Ideas -stronger military, expanded territory, developed trade with Western Europe

New Capital created St. Petersburg “A window into the West”

1760 CE- Catherine the GreatContinued Peter’s reforms

Napoleon Invades

1812 CE- Russian Winter

The Alexander's Czar Alexander II

Freed serfs in 1861, no education, moved to cities

Russification- made people convert, follow eastern orthodox Christianity, speech, persecutions

1891 Czar Alexander III Expansion into Siberia

Construction of Trans-Siberian RR

Completed 1916

Pre- Russian RevolutionOnly true autocracy left in

EuropeNo type of representative

political institutionsNicholas II -Tsar in 1884Divine RightBacklash of poverty and

RussificationRevolution broke out in 1905

Russian Revolution

Socialism- Belief of greater economic equality in society

Discontented working classVast majority of workers

concentrated in St. Petersburg and MoscowPoor peasants

No individual land ownership

Russian Revolution Cont.

Russia industrializedOn backs of the peasants

Military mutinies, social unrest, strikes

1905 Revolution: Middle ClassDuma

October ManifestoFundamental Law

Karl Marx

Communism Advocated public ownership

of all land

Classless Society

Equal sharing of wealth

Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne

Husband a weak manCommitted more autocracy

than her husbandPogroms, politicians

murdered

Rasputin- Man behind AlexandraHealer, Alexandra’s right

hand

WWIStrikesCorrupt military leadership and

contempt for ordinary Russian people

Average peasant has very little invested in the War

WWI Cont.

Poorly supplied troopsResult: Chaos and

Disintegration of the Russian Army

Spreading Discontent

WWI Cont

Nicholas leaves for the Front—September, 1915

Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaosaccused of treason

March Revolution

March Revolution

Food Riots and Strikes

Duma become provisional gov’t

March 17th Czar abdicated

All for Soviets

Vladimir Lenin

Founder of Bolshevism (Communist party)

Exiled to Siberia, moved to London

Once Provisional gov’t failed, swept in and took over

“Peace, Land, and Bread”

“All Power to the Soviets”

November Revolution: Red Army vs. White Army

Political Police organized: CHEKA

Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge

-- “Red Army”

Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March of 1918

Fought against “White Army” the old guard

Bolsheviks Win 1922- creating Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR

Regain Land

Death of Lenin 1924- 3 strokes

Beginning of Stalin and Superpower

Creation of industrial giant

Controlled farms and factories

Millions killed, starved

WWII- created world power

Cold War- Nuclear weapons, propaganda, aid to countries

Fall of Soviet Union

Workers Wages, spoils of leaders

Gorbachev- changes for the better

1989 Satellites overthrown

1991 Independence of all countries

Market Economy

Outdated Factories, Agriculture

Vladimir Putin