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Creating a Network to Protect Children from Environmental Health Threats: The U.S. Experience
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Transcript of Creating a Network to Protect Children from Environmental Health Threats: The U.S. Experience
Creating a Network to Protect Creating a Network to Protect Children from Environmental Health Children from Environmental Health
Threats:Threats:
The U.S. ExperienceThe U.S. Experience
Workshop on Environmental Threats to the Health of Children in Workshop on Environmental Threats to the Health of Children in the Americasthe Americas
Lima, PeruLima, Peru
9-11 April 20039-11 April 2003
Edward H. Chu (for Martha Berger)Edward H. Chu (for Martha Berger)
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Children’s Health ProtectionOffice of Children’s Health Protection
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Protecting Children in the United States
Protecting Children in the United States
Institutional Framework Political Legal Regulatory
Developing information about children’s health and the environment “Environment” and “Health” Bridging the gap
Building and supporting the network to take action Short- and long-term
Getting the word out
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Protecting Children’s Health in the United States
Protecting Children’s Health in the United States
1993 – Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children (NAS Report) 1996 – Food Quality Protection Act 1996 – Safe Drinking Water Act 1996 – EPA’s National Agenda to Protect Children 1997 – Executive Order 1997 – Office of Children’s Health Protection Established 1999 – Children’s Environmental Health Research Centers Established 2000 – Children’s Health Act 2000 – EPA’s Children’s Health Research Strategy 2001 – Administrator Whitman makes children’s health a priority 2001 – President Bush renews the Executive Order
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Legislation to Protect ChildrenLegislation to Protect Children
Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 Expands EPA’s pesticide
testing authority Requires a 10x safety factor
for infants and children Requires examination of
“common mechanism of action” and “total exposure”
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 Requires consideration of
disproportionately affected sub-populations – children, elderly, immune compromised
Children’s Health Act of 2000 Authorizes the Federal
government to conduct a national longitudinal study of environmental influences (including physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial) on children's health and development “National Children’s Study”
Primary Agencies responsible:National Institute of Child Heath
and Human DevelopmentCenters for Disease ControlEPA
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EPA’s National Agenda to Protect ChildrenEPA’s National Agenda to Protect Children
Set protective standards Expand research on risks to children Develop new policies to address cumulative &
simultaneous exposures faced by children Expand Community Right-To-Know Provide basic information to parents and care givers Expand education efforts with health & environmental
officials Provide funding
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Executive Order to Protect ChildrenExecutive Order to Protect Children
Executive Order 13045 requires all Federal Agencies to
make it a high priority to identify and assess environmental health risks and safety risks that may disproportionately affect children
ensure that its policies, programs, activities and standards address disproportionate risk to children
The Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children, Co-chaired by the DHHS Secretary and the EPA Administrator, includes 10 federal agencies and 6 White House offices
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Task Force Departments and AgenciesTask Force Departments and Agencies
Department of Health & Human Services
Department of Housing & Urban Development
Department of Justice Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Labor Department of Education Department of Agriculture Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Consumer Product Safety Commission
White House Office Of Management and
Budget Council on Environmental
Quality Office of Science and
Technology Policy Domestic Policy Council National Economic Council
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Task Force ActivitiesTask Force Activities
PrioritiesAsthmaChildhood cancerDevelopmental disorders Unintentional injuries
National Children’s Study – Longitudinal cohort study to establish relationship between environmental factors and health from preconception through adolescence
Federal research data base
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Office of Children’s Health Protection (OCHP)Office of Children’s Health Protection (OCHP)
Established in 1997 to institutionalize EPA’s National Agenda and the Executive Order
Mission – To make the protection of children’s health a fundamental goal of public health and environmental protection
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Building and Supporting the NetworkBuilding and Supporting the Network
Inside EPARegulationsScienceEconomics
Outside EPAPartnerships (States, Doctors, Nurses, Youth)OutreachPresident’s Task ForceChildren’s Health Protection Advisory Committee
International
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ScienceScience
12 Children’s Research Centers Children’s Health Research Strategy Guidance documents: Cancer Guidelines, Cumulative Risk
Guidance, Children’s Exposures Factors Handbook, Integrated Risk Information System
Voluntary Children’s Chemical Evaluation Program High Production Volume Chemical Testing Program Support multi-agency National Children’s Study
Relationship between environmental factors and health outcomes from the womb to adolescence
Support Health Tracking System for Chronic Diseases Develop science and methods for children’s risk assessments
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EconomicsEconomics
Economic analysis is critical to decision-making at EPA Benefits to children in past have not been well quantified or
studied by economists Children’s Health Valuation Handbook
First to deal with children’s health valuation anywhere
Research Economic Impact Reports
Indicators of national burden
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Regulations:Ensure Consideration of Children
Regulations:Ensure Consideration of Children
Disproportionate and differential impact on children are not addressed in many risk assessments due to lack of toxicity and exposure data
Most rules are unable to address children’s health because of lack of data (toxicity and exposure)
Results in incomplete benefit-cost analyses
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Collaborating with StatesCollaborating with States
ECOS and ASTHOState profiles “Tool box” for the Catching Your Breath asthma projectECOS Asthma Resolution
NCSL (Legislators)Children’s Environmental Health Legislative Bill TrackingLegislative Policy Options Guide
National Governor’s AssociationConnection between Smart Growth and Children’s
Environmental Health
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Collaborations with Health Care ProvidersCollaborations with Health Care Providers
Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units (ATSDR and EPA)
American Academy of Pediatrics - Chief Pediatric Residents Training (EPA)
American Nurses Association - Continuing Education for Nurses (EPA)
Ambulatory Pediatric Association - Planning for Pediatric Environmental Health Fellowships (EPA)
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Outreach:Information for Prevention
Outreach:Information for Prevention
Web site Children’s Environmental Health Yearbook
Catalog of EPA activities Healthy Schools Initiative to Improve Learning
Improve coordination and integration of EPA school-based programs
Tips on ways to protect children Plain language tips for parents and care givers Sheets, refrigerator magnets, growth charts
Work with other program offices Sunwise, indoor air, fish advisories, “Take the
Smoke Free Home Pledge”
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Children’s Health Protection Advisory Committee
Children’s Health Protection Advisory Committee
Provides consensus advice to the EPA Administrator on children’s environmental health
Members represent industry, environmental organizations, children’s advocacy groups, federal/state/local governments, trade associations, non-government organizations, academia, tribal organizations, health care providers, economists
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Working to Protect Children Around the WorldWorking to Protect Children Around the World
Global interestG8 Environment Ministers (1997)London Declaration (1999)North American Council on Environmental
Cooperation (2000/2002)Health and Environmental Ministers of the
Americas (2002)G8 Environment Ministers (2002)UN Special Session on Children (2002)World Summit on Sustainable Development
(2002)
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Working to Protect Children Around the WorldWorking to Protect Children Around the World
Global actionWHO, CEC, OECD, and PAHOChildren’s environmental health indicators Indoor fires for cooking and heatingSecondhand smokeLead in gasoline
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AlohaAloha
Lessons from the U.S.Political willBuilding networkMaintaining momentum
Environment AND health information about children very important
Significant progress has been made… …significant work remains
Mahalo!Mahalo!
Edward H. ChuEdward H. Chu202.564.2196 or 202.564.2196 or
[email protected]@epa.gov
Martha BergerMartha Berger202.564.2191 or 202.564.2191 or
[email protected]@epa.gov
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Children’s Health Protection
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.MC1107A
Washington, DC 20460U.S.A
Website:www.epa.gov/children