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Creating a General Antiviral: Testing the Inhibition of ......Creating a General Antiviral: Testing...
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Creating a General Antiviral: Testing the Inhibition of Spindle Shaped Virus 1 and
Yellow Fever Virus Using Silver Nanoparticles
Diana Demchenko, Dr. Kenneth M. Stedman1, Dr. Marilyn R. Mackiewicz2
Biology1 and Chemistry2 Departments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
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Why a General Antiviral?
1. Vaccines are costly and specific
2. Majority of known viruses are drug resistant
3. Antivirals necessary for space travel
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GENERAL MODE OF INFECTION
http://lazyscientist.org/codeus_news/viral-infection-might-just-be-a-phase-transition/
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PREVIOUS STUDIES
a)AgNP-exposed HIV-1 virus (attached to glycoprotein knobs)b) HIV-1 virus not exposed to AgNP
-Competition for binding site on cell.
-Inactivation of virus particles prior to entry.
-Interaction with hosts’ genome.
1)Elechiguerra, Jose Luis. Et al. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1.2)Rai, Mahendra, et al. "Metal Nanoparticles: The Protective Nanoshield against Virus Infection."
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PREPARATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Image Source: Dr. Marilyn R. Mackiewicz
H2O AgNO3 NaBH4 C6H5Na3O7
AgNPs
H2O2
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UV -Vis and Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of AgNPs
Triangular
CircularRod
Image Source: Dr. Marilyn R. Mackiewicz
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SPINDLE SHAPED VIRUS 1
https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/108/fuselloviridae-figures
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YELLOW FEVER VIRUS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever
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PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR PLAQUE ASSAY
http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/06/detecting-viruses-the-plaque-assay/
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VISUALIZING EFFECT OF AGNPS ON SSV1 ACTIVITY
A) B)Virus Exposed to AgNPs Virus with no AgNPs
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0 Hours of Incubation
SSV1 ACTIVITY COMPARISON OVER TIME
24 Hours of Incubation
27.5%50%
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EFFECT OF TIME ON ACTIVITY OF SSV1
-Over longer periods of time, AgNPs inhibit SSV1 to a greater extent.
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POSSIBLE MODES OF INHIBITION
Rai, Mahendra, et al. "Metal Nanoparticles: The Protective Nanoshield against Virus Infection."
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SPACE TRAVEL
http://www.rantnow.com/2015/10/12/15-photos-from-inside-spacecraft-you-wont-believe-are-real/
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FUTURE WORK
- Explore exact mode of inhibition for SSV1 and YF.
- Next virus: Influenza
- Various coatings for AgNPs → finding a universal coating that
targets the majority of viruses
- Examine effect of shape and size of AgNPs on viral activity
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SPECIAL THANKS
Thanks to BUILD EXITO for giving me the opportunity to do research, Dr. Stedman and Dr. Mackiewicz for being great mentors, and NASA Oregon Space Grant for funding this
research.
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SOURCES CITED1)Elechiguerra, Jose Luis. Et al. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1.2)Rai, Mahendra, et al. "Metal Nanoparticles: The Protective Nanoshield against Virus Infection."3)Elechiguerra, Jose Luis. Et al. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1.
4)https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/108/fuselloviridae-figures
5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever6)http://lazyscientist.org/codeus_news/viral-infection-might-just-be-a-phase-transition/7)http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/06/detecting-viruses-the-plaque-assay/