Create Your First XML Document

XML

• Directive to create an XML document

<?xml version=“version”?>

e.g. <?xml version=“1.0”?>

• Define data<TAG> data </TAG>

Test XML file

• Validating parsers – check XML document syntax– Confirm that XML data matches predefined validation

rules• Document type definitions (DTDs)• Schemas

– Scholarly Technology Group at Brown Univ. www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlvalid

– Textuality’s Larval www.textuality.com/Lark/.– IBM’s XML Parser for Java

www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/xml4j

Test XML file

• Non-Validating parsers– Check XML document syntax– Do not confirm that XML data matches predefi

ned validation rules– XML.com RUWF

www.xml.com/pub/tools/ruwf/check.html– James Clark’s expat

www.jclark.com/xml/expat.html

• <?xml version="1.0" ?> • <GREETING> Hello, world! </GREETING>

• <?xml version="1.0"?>• <GREETING>Hello, world!</GREETIN>

Create a Simple XML Processor

• Cascading style sheets– The easiest type and the most limited

• XSL style sheet– Dynamic XML data display

• Data island plus script– Incorporate XML data into am HTML presentation and

performs some processing in addition to display

• Data Object Model Plus Script or Client-side Program– Create full-blown XML application

A CSS file

GREETING

{

display: block;

color: red

}

• <?xml version="1.0"?>• <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="task5.css" ?>• <GREETING>Hello, world!</GREETING>

Create an XML Document Declaration

• <?xml version=“versionNumber” [encoding=“encodingValue”] [standalone=“yes | no”] ?>

• versionNumber – the number of the XML specification • encodingValue – an optional value. XML processors

assuem that XML documents are written in the UTF-8 character set.

• Standalone – can be set to either no or yes, depending on whether the document depends on other XML files in order

to be valid or not respectively. (default is yes)

Declare Root Element

• Every valid XML document contains one – and only one – root element.– An element that contains all the other element

s in a document– The top of the XML data hierarchy, both conc

eptually and syntactically

<rootElelmentName> … </rootElelmentName>

Comment of A XML file

• Use

<!– Comment –>

• Must be placed after the XML delcaration

• Cannot be placed inside XML tags

• Cannot be nested

Declare Non-root Data Elements

• containerElement – Name of the data element containing one or more data elements

• containedElement – optional, name of the data element that is contained by other data element

• attributeInfo – a string of attribute-value pairs that specify the attributes associated with a given d

ata element

An example

Declare a Repeating Data Element

• The syntax to declare a repeating data element is the same as the required to declare non-root XML data elements

Describe Data Elements with Attributes

• The syntax required to declare attributes in XML

• elementName – the name of the element• attributeName – the name of the attribute name• attributeValue – the value to associate with that attribute

Describe Data Elements with Attributes

Define a Name Space

Name Space

Predifined XML Entities

• Problem– Need to include a left angle bracket in an

element’s value

Predifined XML Entities

• Five predefined entities

Include Special Processing Instructions

• Declare a Processing Instruction

• spaceDelimitedInstructions – the name of any valid executable, followed by any required parameters

Include Non-standard Text