Cranfield Large Scale CO2 Injection, USA
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Transcript of Cranfield Large Scale CO2 Injection, USA
Michael Young, Associate Director Susan Hovorka, PI Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin
International MVA/MMV Workshop Mobile , AL, May 16-17, 2012
Gulf Coast Carbon Center (GCCC)
Scott Tinker Michael Young Sue Hovorka Tip Meckel J. P. Nicot
Rebecca Smyth Ramon Trevino
Sigrid Clift Katherine Romanak
Seyyed Hosseini Changbing Yang Vanessa Nunez
Dave Carr Brad Wolaver
Alex Sun Jiemin Lu
Jong Won Choi Ian Duncan Carey King
Mehdi Zeidouni students and others
LNL LBNL LLNL ORNL SNL Mississippi State U U of Mississippi SECARB UT-PGE UT Chem-E CFSES- BES UT- CIEEP UT- DoGS UT- LBJ school BEG- CEE JSG – EER Univ. Edinburgh Univ. Durham RITE CO2-CRC AWWA
Collaborators IA sponsors
China Petroleum Co. Taiwan
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Cranfield Geologic Setting Natchez Mississippi
Mississippi River
Illustration by Tip Meckel
Oil and gas field Discovery 1943 Depth 3000 m 15 m thick lower Tuscaloosa Fm. Heterogeneous fluvial sandstones Pipeline CO2 from Jackson Dome @ 1 Million metric tones/year
Mississippi
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Cranfield Monitoring Layout
8
Phase II
Pipeline head& Separation facility
5km
GIS base Tip Meckel
Psite EGL-7
Detail Area Study DAS
Injector
Producer (monitoring point)
Observation Well
4-D seismic
RITE Microseismic
Real-time monitoring – BHP, BHT, AZMI, DST
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Mill
ion
met
ric
tons
CO
2
Baseline 3-D
Repeat 3-D VSP Cross well
Baseline VSP Cross well
Start DAS injection
Start Phase 3 injection
Start Phase 2 injection
Geochemical monitoring
1 million ton/year rate
Surface monitoring
Logging
5
4
3
2
1
0
Cranfield Project Status
RCSP program goal: Evaluate protocols to demonstrate that it is probable that 99% of
CO2 is retained •! 3,#6%*,*&,(($J(2,$-$20&(7=71,6(K,--(<*.,#71$$.("#0$#(1$(1,71Q((
–! E0-(%*.(2%7(#,1%0*,.(•! !77,776,*1($J(-,%>%2,(#07>Q((
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10
In-zone and AZMI pressure monitoring
AZMI
INJECTION INTERVAL
CONFINING SYSTEM
Tip Meckel
Continuous field data from dedicated monitoring well •! Large perturbations obvious •! Even small perturbations observable (100’s tons/day flux from 1 km) •! Fault observed to be sealing
Meckel et al., in review
)$*D*<$<7(^*9R$*,(%*.(!_/^(.%1%(7,#0,7(NQ`(=,%#7(
4460 psi
Tip Meckel AZMI gauge depth ambient pressure is 4460 psi / 307 bar / 30.7 MPa. Maximum sustained pressure differential ~1,200 psi / 80 bar / 8 MPa
Initial result: Hongliu Zeng
Velocity difference above zone
Cross-section flattened Velocity difference
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•! Groundwater monitoring •! Soil gas monitoring
Aquifer and USDW
Atmosphere Biosphere
Vadose zone
Seal
Seal
Subsurface Monitoring Zone
CO2 plume
Near-Surface Monitoring Zone Shallow groundwater
•! Shallow groundwater monitoring •! Soil gas monitoring (P-site)
Objective
c#$<*.K%1,#(/$*01$#0*2(
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•! ?,*70D501=(71<.0,7(%1(gFc(
CO2 injection
Changbing Yang
Geochemical modeling to determine sensitivity of groundwater chemistry to CO2
leakage
Simulating CO2 leakage into the Cranfield-type shallow aquifers as CO2 pressure builds up:
•! pH will be lowered •! DIC will increase •! !!C13 of DIC will approach -3‰,
the value of !!C13 of CO2 injected
!!C13
of D
IC
Changbing Yang
Soil Gas Monitoring via process accounting
Katherine Romanak
CO2 concentrations at different depths()EA(&$*&,*1#%D$*(%-$*,(6%=(*$1(#,-0%:-,(0*.0&%1$#(J$#(-,%>%2,(
.,1,&D$*(
•! CO2 concentrations show variations in depth, average CO2 conc. ~350 ppm in the atmosphere, ~630 ppm at depth of 1.5 m below surface show, and ~99000 ppm at depth of 3 m over the observation time period
at 1.5m
at 3m at atmosphere
Near-surface observatory
Changbing Yang and Katherine Romanak
?$0-(2%7(&$6"$70D$*((9([*0G<,(-,%>%2,(702*%-(
CH4 < 34 vol. %
CO2 < 45 vol. %
N2 42-85%
O2 2- 21%
Soil gas distribution
CH4+2O2!! CO2+ 2H2O
CH2O+ 2O2 !! CO2+ H2O
Methane oxidation
Org. oxidation
Katherine Romanak
RCSP program goal: Predict storage capacities within +/- 30%
•! )%"%&01=(%*.(0*T,&D501=(K,--(>*$K*(%1("#$T,&1(71%#1Q((–! E",*(:$<*.%#=(&$*.0D$*7("#,.0&1,.(.<#0*2(&'%#%&1,#0R%D$*(%#,(.,6$*71#%1,.(:=(2$$.(6$.,-(6%1&'Q(–! )EA(6$5,.(#%.0%--=(J#$6(0*T,&1$#7(%1(1',(7&%-,($J(1',(1,71(V.,*701=(&$*1#%71(.0.(*$1(.$60*%1,W(
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21
4!?(/$*01$#0*2(Injector CFU 31F1
Obs CFU 31 F2
Obs CFU 31 F3
Above-zone monitoring F1 F2 F3
Injection Zone
Above Zone Monitoring
10,500 feet BSL
Closely spaced well array to examine flow in complex reservoir
68m
112 m
Petrel model Tip Meckel
Tuscaloosa D-E reservoir
LLNL ERT
X. Yang, C Carrigan
(!(8$-,($J(c,$-$20&%-()'%#%&1,#0R%D$*;(3#$:%:0-07D&(#,%-0R%D$*($J(",#6,%:0-01=(
Seyyed Hosseini, Jong-Won Choi and J.-P Nicot BEG
Data collected: •! Tracer
breakthrough times
•! 1-D and 2-Saturation
Update model –match •! Multiple
modeling teams
LLNL Test of Electrical Resistance Tomography
F1 F2 F3
C. Carrigan, X Yang, D. LaBreque
Research fluid sampling via U-tube yields data on flow processes
•! ?6%--(.0%6,1,#(7%6"-,#(K01'(aA(.#05,(:#0*27(Y<0.7(G<0&>-=((%*.('02'(J#,G<,*&=(1$(7<#J%&,(K01'(1#%&,#7(0*1%&1(
•! P02'(-%:$#(,i$#1(•! [*0G<,(.%1%($*(Y<0.(Y$K(
UTDoG,
Adding tracer
B(
jBB(
ABB(
NBB(
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kBB(
CBB(
-1.E-06
5.E-21
1.E-06
2.E-06
3.E-06
4.E-06
5.E-06
ZMjA( ZMj`( ZMAA( ZMA`( kMA( kM`( kMjA( kMj`( kMAA( kMA`(
d:[G
.6'
Inj. rate
SF6
CFU31F-3, 112 m away from injector
Travel time = 319 h
SF6 Arrive on May18
211 h
Jiemin Lu
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•! /%1<#,(#,2<-%1$#=(%*.(-,2%-(J#%6,K$#>(
•! c$$.("<:-0&(%&&,"1%*&,(
Lessons learned •! In-zone monitoring does not yield unique non-leakage
determination •! Continuous AZMI pressure monitoring for permanence
–! Viable method –! Invest characterization and well completion –! Geomechanical study needed
•! Near surface leakage monitoring strategy based on modeling –! Process-based soil gas methods –! Geochemical – groundwater methods