Crane Training Partic Pant Guide

8/12/2019 Crane Training Partic Pant Guide

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Crane Safety Training for Engineers and Supervisors

Presented by the Construction Institute of ASCE

Funded by an OSHA Susan Harwood Training Grant

Introduction:

COURSE OBJECTIVE:This course is intended for construction engineers, supervisors, and owners, who want to learn more

about crane safety on construction sites, and how to develop comprehensive crane safety plans that areboth safety-program-compliant and project-specific. The goal of this training is to raise awareness ofengineers and managements roles, responsibilities, and influence with regard to safety on theconstruction worksite including crane safety. The A!"#!$ %&A-sponsored !rane afety Trainingcourse will prepare engineers and supervisors to utili'e their management and technical training toimplement safety as a core objective of the construction project.

The program will also provide high-level technical background, legal and regulatory e(planations) ande(pert guidance to deal effectively with all players on the project owner to subcontractor - relative tocrane operations.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: $dentify the elements of a site specific crane safety plan

*ecommend best practices regarding management roles and responsibilities for crane safety on

construction sites from owner to subcontractor

+ecome familiar with the different types of mobile cranes

!over ha'ards associated with crane operation and e(plain how the crane safety plan will minimi'e

the risk of crane accidents

"(plore current regulations, standards and certification programs

TOPICS COVERED:

"stablishing a !rane afety and ifting rogram

obile !ranes and Alternate ifting ethods

*igging Awareness

ite reparation

reventing !rane and ifting Accidents

*egulations and egal Aspects

Course Organiation:This participants guide has been developed to e(pand on the information provided in the workshop slides.easoned crane professionals will guide you through the sessions while providing their uni/ue e(periencesand lessons learned. The slides and participants guide are prepared for you as take away resource forlater reference. To ma(imi'e the benefit of this training, we encourage you to take notes, participateactively in classroom e(ercises, ask /uestions, and share your e(periences this will enrich thee(perience for all in attendance. A companion website will be available for you as a resource anddiscussion platform because we know that safety does not contain itself to a 0-hour training course1http2##content.asce.org#ci#crane3safety#inde(.html4.

The A!"#!$ !rane afety Training !ourse is designed as a 0-hour core training session with information

that all engineers, managers, supervisors should have when working with cranes on construction sites.There are also three supplementary 5plug-in6 modules2 *igging %perations, Alternative ifting ethods,and tandards, *egulations and !ertifications, that can be added to the training session if re/uested. Allof this material will be provided to every registered participant in the course slides and participants guide)however, this material may not be covered in the classroom depending on the time allotted for the on-sitetraining session.

The learning objectives for each module will be clearly indicated at the beginning of the module. At theend of each module, there will be a comprehension check for your own use to help you reali'e theimportant take away points intended by the instructors and to help you gauge your understanding of thematerial presented.

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http://content.asce.org/ci/crane_safety/index.htmlhttp://content.asce.org/ci/crane_safety/index.html


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G!ossar":

7. ANSI: American 8ational tandards $nstitute. rovides the accreditingmethodology for development of A" standards among others.

9. AS#E2 American ociety of echanical "ngineers. roduce a collection of 9:

volumes on the safe use of e/uipment in the workplace

0. Boo$: A pivoting structure attached to the upper that supports the ball and#or

block.

;. Boo$ Ang!e: The angle above or below hori'ontal of the longitudinal a(is onthe boom base section.

. Critica! Li&t: Any lift2 utili'ing multiple cranes) e(ceeding :


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Crane Safety Training

SITE SPECIFIC SAFET P!A""I"G

Participant#s Guide to Presentation S$ides

Many of the slides in the training session will be self explanatory. Where we felt more explanation was

needed in order to reference and understand the slides at a later time, we have provided the followingadditional information.

%O&'!E( Site Specific Crane Safety P$anning

S$ide ) The American Society of Civil Engineers Construction Institute Crane SafetyCommittee was formed in 1989 and has continually studied crane activitieson construction sites the coordination! "lanning and o"eration# As a resultof these studies! it is a""arent that "lanning of crane o"erations is a $eyingredient of safety#

%lanning includes location! o"eration! training of wor$ers! and mostim"ortantly! assignment of res"onsi&ilities#

Coordination of construction activities on a site is e'tremely im"ortant!es"ecially with crane o"erations# As construction sites &ecome morecom"le'! the need for material handling increases e'"onentially# Cranes"erform his function#

(ecause of new engineering designs and new )o&site re*uirements!manufacturers have &uilt stronger! yet lighter cranes in res"onse# This hasresulted in increased s"eed! so"histication! increased ca"acity and reach!

ma$ing the crane an indis"ensa&le wor$horse for construction# Theseadvancements! cou"led with increased use! have resulted in increasingaccidents#

S$ide * The material "resented does not necessarily reflect the views and "olicies ofthe +#S# ,e"artment of -a&or! nor does mention of trade names! commercial"roducts or organi.ations im"ly endorsement &y the +#S# /overnment#

This "rogram is intended to "rovide general information to engineers andmanagers for use in identifying and addressing their res"onsi&ilities with

res"ect to construction wor$site safety! in "articular! crane safety# It isintended to "rovide management guidelines for the control of craneo"erations on construction sites#

0&viously! no three hour "rogram can "ossi&ly cover all safety issues thatmay &e encountered at a construction wor$site# Therefore! this "rogram isnot a su&stitute for "rudent )udgment or "rofessional e'"ertise! not does itconstitute legal advice# It does! however! "rovide a &asis for evaluatingcrane o"erations and "rocedures#

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S$ide + Cranes are an integral "art of construction o"erations and are used in everyconceiva&le ty"e of construction# Industrial %lant Construction!aintenance! igh ise Construction! Commercial Construction! esidentialConstruction# There is hardly a construction site which does not utili.e acrane at some time during the "ro)ect# Statistical data indicates that cranesare involved in significant num&ers of accidents resulting in death! in)ury and"ro"erty damage# The num&ers and fre*uency of these accidents have notsignificantly changed over the years# 4ewer cranes with various electronic

safety devices! such as load moment indicators! and other features mayhave eliminated some ty"es of accidents and contri&uted to others#0"erator training has &een the most effective techni*ue to date for reducingcrane accidents# These efforts have greatly reduced 5o"erator error6 ty"esof accidents#

0"erators! however! are not the only entities involved in crane o"erations!and the $nowledge and s$ill of the o"erator is only a "art! although im"ortant"art of crane safety# A loo$ at the es"onsi&ility atri' on slide 7 identifiesthe many entities involved in crane o"erations# As you can see there arenumerous entities identified as "art of a crane o"eration# e do not intend

to discuss each of these! &ut "resent this chart to give you a "ers"ective ofthe num&ers involved# 0f "articular im"ortance to this discussion are a fewthat we will discuss#

S$ide , -et:s tal$ a&out the first item; Contract ,ocuments# There are many entitiesinvolved in )ust this category; Industry associations! "rofessional societies!certification! standards! regulatory# These entities "rovide guidance forcrane o"erations#

0wner; %rimary active agent will have in"ut into the contract documents#The owner may have s"ecific re*uirements! limitations or his own

"rocedures im"lemented through the contract# This is common withso"histicated industrial owners and large owners and develo"ers# Even lessso"histicated owners will! through the Aorm documents! such as AIA ,ocuments have re*uirements#1?#1#1 in 40TES1?#2#2 in 40TES

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S$ide - The documents may re*uire a Site S"ecific Safety %lan or a Site S"ecificSafety %rogram# As we will see later to &e site s"ecific! it is not a "rogram#hat it really needs to &e Site S"ecific @ re*uires a %-A4#

The contract documents generally set forth the re*uirements of a SiteS"ecific Safety %lan# If not s"ecifically delineated in the contracts!re*uirements im"osed or standards re*uire the Site S"ecific Safety %lan#Some contractors have learned that this "lanning actually facilitates the )o&

and saves s#

A full si.e image of this matri' can &e found in the A""endi'#

S$ide . Each entity listed in the matri' will have some function in crane safety#

And! CA4E SA>ETB re*uires that each of these functions &e addressed#

S$ide / Choosing the right &idders may &e su&)ect to several $ey factors includingsafety records! s"ecific e'"erience! good su"ervision! the "ro"er e*ui"mentfor the )o&! or the a&ility to "rovide a "ac$age deal#

The 04E $nows the limitations of the site and what he e'"ects from thecontractor hat areas the contractor may wor$ in @ The times thato"erations are "ermitted @ (loc$ing streets @ closing highways @ access tohis facilities#

S$ide )) Contract ,ocuments @ Set S"ecific re*uirements and define what the ownere'"ects#

S$ide )* The (usiness oundta&le! a grou" of &uyers of ma)or construction services!asserts that active owner "artici"ation in the "reconstruction andconstruction o"erations reduces accidents and lowers accident costs# Are"ort "re"ared for The (usiness oundta&le! 5Im"roving ConstructionSafety %erformance6 indicates accidents cost nearly of the total s"entannually &y users of industrial! utility and commercial construction#

S$ide )0 The only difference &etween %C! /C and C is the ty"e of contract theyhave with the owner#

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S$ide )- It is the user who is res"onsi&le for the lift "lan# The user may change manytimes on a construction site when multi"le cranes are on site and multi"lelifts will &e "erformed#

S$ide ). any of these functions may &e "erformed &y inde"endent firms! &ut are theres"onsi&ility of the service "rovider#

The service "rovider is the entity who &rings the crane on site and o"erates

it# It may &e a rental crane# It may &e contractor owned# It may &e a sharedcrane for the use of all contractors# It is generally the res"onsi&ility of oneentity#

S$ide )/ e have all seen large note&oo$s la&eled 5Safety %rogram6 sitting on theshelf in the contractor:s office! or they may &e su&mitted as a re*uirementwith the &id "ac$age# hat are theyD hat do they doD

Each and every entity will have a Safety %rogram e'"ressing the com"any:sor entity:s "hiloso"hy and "olicy toward safety in its o"erations# This

"rogram shall address all of the activities in which the com"any or entity&ecomes involved# A Crane Safety %rogram is a "art of the overall "rogram#Safety %rograms shall &e consistent throughout the com"any and "rovidethe &asis for safe o"erations# A safety %rogram "rovides the core$nowledge and "rocedures utili.ed &y an entity# The "rogram shall containcriteria for use and ins"ection of cranes! training of "ersonnel! ins"ection"rograms# %arts of a Safety %rogram may not &e utili.ed on each )o&site!&ut is a "art of the entity:s "rogram# (ecause of the larger sco"e ofres"onsi&ilities! the Safety %rogram for a %C=C shall &e morecom"rehensive than that of a su&contractor whose activities may &e of alesser sco"e# The %C=C Safety %rogram need not &e as detailed for

activities which are "erformed &y the su&contractor! &ut shall esta&lish"arameters for acce"ta&le "erformance &y the su&contractor#

This "rogram will focus on the Safety %lan and "articularly the Site S"ecificSafety %lan

S$ide *1 %rovides C0E safety $nowledge! i#e#! regulatory re*uirements! industryconsensus standards! industry &est "ractices and &asic com"anyo"erational guidelines# +sually includes data! references and "rocedureswhich may not &e a""lica&le to a s"ecific )o

The %C=/C=C:s Safety %rogram will define the re*uirements of any crane&rought onto the construction site# This Crane Safety %rogram shallesta&lish the criteria for ins"ection of the crane! definition of critical lifts!lease or ownershi" re*uirements and o"erator *ualification# A Safety%rogram esta&lishes "rocedures for internal com"any o"erations# Is a good"rogram usefulD +ne*uivocally! BES

ulti"le contractors on a construction site! each with their own Safety%rogram! wor$ing on the site need to im"lement their Safety %rograms in aconsistent and harmonious manner to avoid overla"! omissions and

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conflicts# The "rocess &y which this is accom"lished is the Site S"ecific%lan! which reflects the overall safety on the site and defines res"onsi&ilitiesfor each activity and coordinates the activities of the many contractors#

hat is a %-A4D

S$ide *) A %lan is the orderly or systematic "rocedure for achieving some o&)ective#

Com"anies use "lans to achieve some "ro)ected goal @ schedule! earnings!growth! new "roduct! safety#

The $ey word in the statement is 5orderly6#

A Site S"ecific Safety %lan is an orderly or systematic "rocedure forachieving safety on a construction "ro)ect# It should &e thought of in thesame conte't as a construction "lan or a critical "ath schedule# A SiteS"ecific Crane Safety %lan is an essential "art of the overall Site S"ecificSafety %rogram#

A Site S"ecific %lan should im"lement the re*uirements of the contractdocuments# It should im"lement the contractor:s safety "rogram#

THE KEY WORD IS ORDERLY!

S$ide ** A "rogram is a "rescri&ed method of accom"lishing something#

>0 EGA%-E; hat forms do we utili.e for an ins"ectionD here arethey sentD ow many co"ies# Are they utili.ed for reins"ection orcorrective action! etcD A "rogram to "erform e*ui"ment ins"ections does

not )ust ha""en# It must &e im"lemented#

A %-A4 IS a means of im"lementation and descri&es who does theins"ection and when he is to do them# A "lan Is the im"lementing force ofthe "rogram#

S$ide *0 A "lan is a means to a goal If we want a safe )o&! "lanning is a"rere*uisite# If we want a safe )o&we must "lan for a safe )o&! they don:t

)ust ha""en

A training "rogram a critical element in a safety "rogram training is a "art ofa safety "rogram# TE TAI4I4/ 4EE,S T0 (E %E>0E, I4SEH+E4CE IT TE 0(SITEEGCAJATI04 SA>ETB TA-KS AE40T E>>ECTIJE I> TE 0%EATI04S (EI4/ %E>0E, ISAS04B 0 STEE- EECTI04 we need to "lan our training for the

)o&site#

The greatest training %0/A is not effective unless the im"lementationis "lanned

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8M of the >ortune L?? com"anies re*uire a Site S"ecific Safety %lanNSSS%O and they are getting more detailed in their re"orts! these are thecontractors: customers and they are &eginning to learn what is re*uired foran effective "lan#

S$ide *2 ost of the contractors do it &ecause the owner has demanded it as a "art

of the contract documents#

A %0/A IS 40T A %-A4# A %-A4 IS A EA4S 0> I%-EE4TI4/ A%0/A

ostly large owners are re*uiring a site s"ecific safety "lan! &ut the conce"tis s"reading fast# (an$s and financial institutions are starting to add there*uirements to their financing agreements#

S$ide *, A Site S"ecific Safety %lan starts at the %re(id %hase

S$ide *- The "lanning "re&id should reflect re*uirements im"osed &y the owner andthe design team#

Access to the owner:s facilities#

%rotection of ad)acent "ro"erties

%rotection and use of the utilities

Safety re*uirements @ a.at! etc#! that the owner is aware of

These issues are addressed in the contract documents#

S$ide */ or$ items must have safety issues addressed# If you &ring crane on site;Bou $now that in addition to other re*uirements! you will need to address;

/round conditions

Swing area=ad)acent &uildings

eather conditions @ lay down areas! warning system

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S$ide +) These ne't three slides are from a contract from )ust such an owner thecontractor who &id the )o& did not &other to read the Su""lemental /eneralConditions#

Sur"rise 1?#1 and 1?#2 aren:t &ad! )ust normal stuff#

40TE; it says 5C04TACT06 which could mean after award of contract#It may &e too late# ore so"histicated owners are re*uiring this information

with &id su&mission or at the "reaward meetings#

S$ide ++ %rior to start of wor$

4otice the owner has identified M items that are to &e s"ecifically addressed

S$ide +0 SSS% eflects the ha.ards and integrated into the "ro)ect schedule#

4owhere is that more im"ortant than the crane site safety "lan

S$ide +. Contract ,ocument @ /eneralSafety %rogram @ Initiates re*uirementsSite S"ecific SafetyP %lan @ ,efines who! how! when# here,on:t need to include "rocedures and standards s"ecified in "rogram#

S$ide 00 ,uties of the Crane Safety Coordinator1# Assure that certifications for all cranes on site are current# NCrane

o"eratorDO2# Assure that re*uired ins"ections are current and that noted

remedial action is com"leted3# Assure that "ermitted wor$ locations for the various cranes have

&een identified#F# aintain a site "lan which reflects "ermitted wor$ areas and travel

"aths for all cranes#L# ,evelo" a "rocedure for site severe weather warnings and verify

that it is o"erational6. eview and maintain lift "lans for all lifts on site and assure "ro"er

a""rovals have &een maintained#


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S$ide 02 0ne safety coordinator on site may &e res"onsi&le for multi"le lift directors#There is a new re*uirement in 4ew Bor$ City that a crane safety coordinatormust &e identified#

,uties of the -ift ,irector1# Assures co"y of lift "lan is current! "resent in wor$ area and

signed in accordance with safety "lan2# Assures all "arties understand their functions Ni#e# riggers!

o"erators! etc#O3# Assigns designated leader of rigging crew and identifies this

leader to all other "arties concerned with the lift#F# Assures signal "erson is assigned and is identified to o"erator and

others concerned with the liftL# Addresses outrigger area of dual res"onsi&ility &y assigning

res"onsi&ility for setting u" outrigger and determining suita&ility ofoutrigger set u"

M# eview and maintain lift "lans for all lifts on site and assure "ro"era""rovals have &een maintained#

S$ide 0, This module is lin$ed directly to one of the main o&)ectives of this coursethat of getting started on your own crane and lifting "rogram

The other o&)ectives remain em"hasi.ing the need for $nowledge of craneand lifting activities and a reaffirmation of the need for engineers inconstruction

The em"hasis here is more on the lifting as"ects of such a "lan as you"ro&a&ly have in "lace in your general safety "rogram some rules regardingcranes and their use

A com"rehensive "lan can easily com&ine &oth and accommodate otherrelated to"ics such as "ersonnel "latforms#

S$ide 0. ,efinition of a lift "lan re*uirement is site related and su&)ect to the definitionof the owner and %C=/C=C#

There are generally 3 lift re*uirements# CITICA- -I>TS AE ,E>I4E,>IST#

e*uirements are different for all ty"es of lifts#

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S$ide 0/ -ifting function is divided into three "arts;

1# +ser= igger Communications2# Crane %rovider @ 0"erator 3# -ift ,irector @ re*uired for all lifts

A full si.e image of this diagram can &e found in the A""endi'#

S$ide 21 estrictions;

Swing area;eather=wind conditions! o"erational radius

a' eight of -oad;-I,! Tare weight! ca"acity

%rocedures;-ift! swing! &oom! etc#

S$ide 2+ These ne't two slides are com"rised of actual &road to"ics "ulled fromseveral e'isting lift safety "lans#

These e'am"les come from "lans develo"ed &y oil refineries! chemical"lants! and large E%C contractors#

S$ide 20 ere Qconfined s"aces: means a tight "lace Ntight holeO to "lace the liftinge*ui"ment! not &eing inside of a vessel or similar confined "lace#

This is of more concern when the ad)acent &arriers are o"erating "rocesse*ui"ment#

The Qmechanical e*ui"ment installation: to"ic includes general rules for theerection of rotating and other e*ui"ment#

any com"anies find that the lift safety "lan is a most convenient "lace to"lace the standards and re*uired forms when using a "ersonnel "latform#

Bou may wish to use many of these to"ics in your "lan#

S$ide 22 4early all "lans include attachments of useful information mostly forms ande'am"les# These are some of the more common attachments found in such"lans

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S$ide 2, The form also mentions rigging su&contractors and allows for attachments#

S$ide 2. ost sites are congested# The %C=/C=C must define in the Site S"ecificSafety %lan which contractors will have cranes on site#

hen cranes and lifting ca"a&ility are shared! a "rocedure for sharing

among the various contractors must &e esta&lished# any sites have adesignated Crane Service Su""lier# The res"onsi&ility of the crane ServiceSu""lier and the crane user must &e defined in each lift "lan if this situatione'ists#

S$ide 2/ It goes without saying the crane is ca"a&le of "erforming safely andeconomically when o"erated within the design "arameters set &y themanufacturer and when ade*uate "re"lanning and coordination isim"lemented# These actions not only im"rove the safety of the o"eration!they also reduce crane o"erating costs#

A thorough understanding of cranes! their ca"a&ilities and limitations ise'tremely im"ortant for everyone involved in construction today @ "articularlythose at the su"ervisory and management levels#

ithout this &asic level of understanding! full reali.ation of im"roving thesafety of the o"eration and reducing crane o"erating costs will not &eachieved#

-ifting cranes are classified &ased on crane rated loads in the direction ofleast sta&ility with outriggers set# This e'am"le is from the %CSA @ %owerCrane and Shovel Association# This de"icts the overturning moment of the

crane#N1O The first num&er is the crane radius in feet for the ma'imum rated

load! with &ase &oom length#N2O The second num&er is the rated load Ne'"ressed in "ounds divided &y

1??! and rounded off to the nearest whole num&erO at F?ft# radius! with L?ft&oom length#

This e'am"le illustrates a truc$ crane rated F? tons at 12ft radius with &ase&oom length! and 19!M?? "ounds at F?ft radius with L?ft &oom length# 5F?ton truc$ crane NClass 1219MO6

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S$ide ,1 Earth &eneath their su""ort "oints! Ntrac$s! outriggers or tiresO for sta&ility#Crawler cranes load the "oint or front of their trac$ when reaching over thefront and the trac$ closes to the load when reaching over the side NseediagramO# Truc$ cranes load their outrigger "ads in a similar manner# Thesesoil conditions vary from )o&site to )o&site and around a )o&site# Soilcondition Nremem&er; moisture and free.ing can affect the soil sta&ilityOunderground structures! utilities! em&an$ments=e'cavations# All must &econsidered when "lanning crane locations and=or movement# The location

of cranes and their "ro"osed movement is critical to other constructiono"erations# TEE IS 40 K404 SA>ETB ,EJICE T0 EJA-+ATE 0%0TECT A/AI4ST I4A,EH+ATE S0I- C04,ITI04S @ 04-B AE-IA(-E S0I- A4A-BSIS#

S$ide ,) In order to function! cranes must &e level# The turnta&le on which the cranerotates must &e $e"t level#

Cranes must &e com"letely and "ro"erly assem&led# ost cranes willre*uire assem&ly @ &oom sections! )i& sections! counter weight! hoo$ &loc$!etc# Cranes have different si.ed &oom sections# ,ifferent lengths of &oomsand )i&s may &e inserted# ,ifferent counterweights may &e used! as well ashoo$ &loc$s# All of these com"onents must &e "ro"erly assem&led inaccordance with manufacturer:s instructions and the load charts must reflectthese com"onents#

S$ide ,+ (efore we loo$ at ty"es and configurations! let:s loo$ at the &asic "rinci"lesof craning#

A CA4E is a lever and the sim"le "rinci"les of movement a""ly# The

weight of the load! times the distance from the fulcrum! is the overturningmoment#

The weight of the crane and counter weight! times the distance &ehind thefulcrum! is the resistance moment# As long as the resisting moment isgreater than the overturning moment! the crane is sta&le#

Crawlers are R 8L of ti""ing# Truc$ cranes are R 8?#

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S$ide -1 AT cranes were "o"ular in Euro"e &efore coming to 4orth America#

+sually multi"le a'le drives#

ust &e a&le to &e leveled to lift#

/reatly reduced ca"acity! if any! to travel with load# See manufacturer:scharts#

S$ide -) Easily set u"

ave some restriction and criteria as other cranes#

S$ide -+ Contractors fre*uently s"end a dis"ro"ortionate amount of time trying togain needed information! whether for an informal &id or a lum" sum"ro"osal#

ost com"anies will furnish a ground &earing restriction in "ounds "ers*uare foot N"sfO# +nfortunately these are &ased somewhat on near&y&orings and are geared for a long term surcharge! rather than a very shortduration one

Site "re"aration is most im"ortant for the "roviding a com"act and levelsurface for matting under large crawler cranes

or$ing overtime can &e more im"ortant for outoftown contractors wor$ingtoo far away from home to easily go home for wee$ends# or$ing some

overtime get them in and out much *uic$er and save money in the longerterm

or$ area "riority is most im"ortant on a crowded )o& site or during a ma)orshutdown or outage! where an area can &e flooded with other e*ui"mentand wor$ers

S$ide -2 The following slides will try to clarify some of these issues

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S$ide -, This is a list of some of the "ossi&le items that should &e sorted out inadvance! es"ecially for lum" sum wor$

Civil wor$ might include "roviding a level and com"acted &ase for setu" or"rotection of undergrounds

Au'iliary e*ui"ment might include assist cranes! com"ressed air! or electricgenerators

igging could include vendor "rovided or s"ecial rigging

Some refineries "refer to furnish their own fuel to save money and to avoidrather than having a com"etitor:s truc$ in the "lant

adio fre*uencies might &e an issue and the client may wish to furnish theirown radios

Some "lants or general contractors "refer to "erform their own craneins"ections

S$ide ))/ Structural strength will &e discussed in more detail later in this module

S$ide )*, This ta&le shows $ey hoisting data for determining the "arts of line re*uiredfor any given o"eration

S$ide )*- ith today:s larger and more com"le' cranes! many configurations of &oom!)i&! and au'iliary counterweight are availa&le

All of the load charts for all of these configurations could ma$e a very thic$&oo$

The result can &e a series of ca"acity charts inches thic$

S$ide )+1 hen a higher "ercentage of cranes were lattice &oom! a ma)or cause ofaccidents involved &eing crushed &y &oom sections in the disassem&lyo"eration

This could have &een avoided &y "lanning ahead! "ro"er &loc$ing! andreali.ing the conse*uences of each o"eration

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P!'G3I" %O&'!E( A$ternative !ifting %ethods

Slide 2 The material "resented does not necessarily reflect the views and "oliciesof the +#S# ,e"artment of -a&or! nor does mention of trade names!commercial "roducts or organi.ations im"ly endorsement &y the +#S#/overnment#

This "rogram is intended to "rovide general information to engineers andmanagers for use in identifying and addressing their res"onsi&ilities withres"ect to construction wor$site safety! in "articular! crane safety# It isintended to "rovide management guidelines for the control of craneo"erations on construction sites#


Slide 3 istorically! multicrane lifts were fre*uently made as cranes were notnearly as large and the alternates were derric$s and gin "oles! or lifting insmaller sections#

(ecause of the negative factors! multicrane lifts should &e made withcaution and with good "lanning#

Slide 19 This slide shows a tailing curve as well as the similar curve for the main liftcrane! showing how the change is relatively sudden for &oth cranes and

when the vessel is nearly vertical#

Slide 20 Although cranes and lifting with cranes remains the &asis of this course!other common and im"ortant lifting methods on )o&sites should &ediscussed#

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P!'G3I" %O&'!E( 4igging Operations




Slide 4 hy do we include Qrigging: in this courseD

The new 0SA regulations will shift more res"onsi&ility to management#

This infamous 4ew Bor$ City tower crane accident was a result of thefailure of synthetic slings#

A mista$e was made

r# a"etti is the owner of a small com"any and was the fieldsu"erintendent for )um"ing the tower crane# Instead of a civil suit! he is

&eing arrested and is handcuffed and does not loo$ very ha""y#The charges were; Slaughter! Criminally 4egligent homicide! Assault! andec$less Endangerment# If convicted! hew could face u" to 2 years in"rison#

Slide 5 ost accidents involving rigging are not the ones where a load is dro""ed!&ut the smashed fingers and toes! cuts! contusions! and falls resulting fromthe hoo$ing and unhoo$ing of the rigging#The e'"osure increases as the rigging gets larger#There are even fatalities#

Slide 6 These four im"ortant conce"ts of rigging will &e develo"ed throughout thecourse; %ositive Connection! otation! E*uali.ation! Center of /ravity#

-oo$ out for them

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Slide 7 This gra"h was originally develo"ed to aid design for the use of Qrunninglines: in sheaves in cranes and related a""licationsIt was ada"ted to use with wire ro"e slings and is considered to &e a "art ofall rigging calculations#It wor$s li$e this;

1# The small Qd: is the diameter of the wire ro"e2# The large :,: is the diameter of the sheave Nor other cylindrical

surfaceO

3# 0&tain the ratio &y dividing ,=dF# %lot on the curve to o&tain the efficiencyL# Then multi"ly the efficiency &y the dou&led ca"acity of the wire ro"eM# The efficiency can also &e calculated

Slide 8 This ta&le shows si' different materials commonly used in slingmanufacture

Each has its own characteristics and some should not &e used in certainconditions

Slide 9 This ta&le com"ares two common ty"es Nnylon and "olyesterO and theconditions where they should not &e used#

Slide 10 ere is an e'am"le of a good "ositive connection using welded lifting lugsThe design of lugs can vary in many ways#

It:s hard to see what $ind of connection is used with this "restressed &ridgesection! &ut it remains a good Q"ositive connection:

Slide 11 Trunnions are another "ossi&ility for attachment! although not usuallyoffering a "ositive connection

Trunnions are fre*uently found on heavy and com"act e*ui"ment such astransformers##and generators! as shown here

Slide 12 This is most im"ortant if you ever are in the "osition to design any liftinghardware

It is a s"ecial summation of much of ASE (3?#2?

All &elowthe hoo$ N(TO devices are designed to this standard

This does not include lifting lugs! trunnions! or similar devices welded to theitem to &e lifted

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Slide 13 It is &ased on the same "rinci"les as your normal AISC design! &ut "rovidesa few wrin$les! including design categories

Slide 16 E*uali.ation is also found in construction e*ui"ment

Slide 17Knowing the center of gravity is very im"ortant and this one was "ro&a&lydetermined through trial and error#

In this case! the lifting frame does not "rovide a wide enough s"read! asituation that could cause an accident if the load were to &e severely&um"ed

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P!'G3I" %O&'!E( Standards5 4egu$ations5 Certifications




Slide 5 ASE American Society of echanical EngineersASE Standards are develo"ed using accredited methodology &y theAmerican 4ational Standards Institute NA4SIOThe ASE (3? Standards are a collection of 28 volumes on the safe use ofe*ui"ment in the wor$"lace

Slide 10 In 2??2! 0SA esta&lished the Crane and ,erric$ 4egotiated ulema$ingAdvisory Committee in res"onse to industry sta$eholders demanding anu"date of national crane standards#The current regulations were created in 191 and have &een u"dated twiceU in 1988 and 1993#In 2??M! the committee "u&lished its "ro"osed rule in the >ederal egister#The "ro"osed rule addresses issues including ground conditions! assem&lyand disassem&ly! crane o"eration near "ower lines! certification andtraining of o"erators! use of safety devices! and ins"ection of cranes# Inaddition! the committee focused on how to ensure that the crane o"eratorsare well *ualified#hen the committee "u&lished its "ro"osed rule on 0ct# 9! 2??8! 0SAo"ened it u" to "u&lic comments for the following two months# Thedocument was o"ened to further commentary on arch 1! when 0SAstarted informal "u&lic hearings#

Slide 19 Certification is essentially the final lin$ in a "rocess designed to educate"eo"le in the correct way to o"erate cranes# elltrained 0"erators! withinde"endently verified $nowledge and s$ills ma$e less mista$es! andtherefore have fewer accidents! than those with lesser or inferior$nowledge#

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Slide 21 To "reserve its status as an inde"endent! im"artial! testing authority!4CCC0 does not offer training# owever! it does "rovide an o&)ectivemeans of verifying that training has &een effective @ that learning has! infact! ta$en "lace# 0nly third"arty! inde"endent certification can do this!and then only if it has &een validated &y the industry it is intended for! andrecogni.ed as "sychometrically sound &y certification s"ecialist# 4CCC0has met all these criteria#

The $ey elements of the 4CCC0 "rogram are that it; actively encourages training! yet is se"arate from itP

verifies that training has &een effectiveP

was develo"ed in a nonregulatory environmentP

is modeled on A4SI=ASE consensus framewor$P

meets recogni.ed "rofessional credentialing criteriaP

has "artici"ation from all industry sectors#

Crane Training Partic Pant Guide

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