Crane and lifting safety.ppt

8/15/2019 Crane and lifting safety.ppt

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Lifting and Crane Safety



Generally made from wire withtensile strength of 180 kg/mm2(grade 180).

Termination by mechanical splicing tal!rits or ferr!les.

"ersatile # lightweight in relation

to their strength. $ingle leg slings.

%!ltileg slings

Safe use of wire rope/sling



6 x 19 Class Fiber Core

General Purpose Plain Steel Wire Rope

Standard lengths of 10, 50, 100, 200, and 300 ft., as well as any continuous length up to 5,000 ft.All are preformed and lubricated.

6 x 19 Class and 6 x 37 Class Fiber Core, Regular — These ropes hae a fiber core whichma!es them more fle"ible than #$%& constructions, but also wea!er and less crush resistant. ' " 1(class constructions are more abrasion resistant yet less fle"ible than ' " 3) class constructions ofthe same diameter. *oth meet +ed. Spec. %%$-10.

6 x 19 Class and 6 x 37 Class IWRC, Preiu— An independent wire rope center ma!es

these ropes stronger and more crush resistant than regular ' " 1( and ' " 3) steel wire rope. *othmeet +ed. Spec. %%$-10.

6 x 19 Class and 6 x 37 Class IWRC, !ea"# $ut# Preiu— These are the strongest of allthe plain steel wire ropes we offer.

6 x 19 Class IWRC 6 x 37 Class Fiber Core 6 x 37 Class IWRC



$e%initions

Constru&tion— efines the design of the wire rope which includes the following/ number of strands, numberof wires per strand, and the core composition. A ) " 3 hollow core, for e"ample, has ) strands, each containing

3 wires, closed around a hollow core.The following four common constructions are !nown as class constructions/ ' " 1(, ' " 3), ) " 1(, and

" 1(. $ithin a gien class construction, the number of wires is allowed to ary within established industryguidelines. +or e"ample, a ' " 3) class fiber core rope may hae 2) to -( wires in the strand, with no morethan 1 wires e"posed.

!ollo' or Coreless— $ire rope without a center core.Fiber Core— $ire rope or cord with egetable or synthetic fiber as the core a"ial member of the rope.IWRC— nown as the #ndependent $ire %ope &enter. A wire rope is used as the core a"ial member

within a larger wire rope. Strand— Seeral wires laid helically about an a"is. Single strands are used alone or as the core of a rope.4ultiple strands are closed together to form a rope.

Pre%ored Wire Rope— A process by which strands are permanently formed into the spiral shape theywill assume as part of the rope. onpreformed wire rope tends to straighten out fray.

(ubri&ation— 6roided on most rope to increase serice life. )brasion— The surface wear on the wires of a rope. As the diameter of the outside wires increases, theabrasion resistance increases.

Fatigue— The progressie fracturing of a rope when sub7ect to bending. +atigue resistance increases as thenumber of wires increases. Flexibilit#— A measure of the rope8s ability to bend in an arc. Typically, small diameter and fiber core ropeare more fle"ible than large diameter or #$%& rope. +or rope of the same diameter, fle"ibility increases as thenumber of wires in the construction increases.

Crus*ing— The distortion of the shape of a rope or its indiidual strands when sub7ected to e"ternalforces. This is especially true when a rope is used on drums or sheaes. #n general, #$%& and strand coreropes are more crush resistant than fiber and hollow core ropes.

+reaing Strengt*— The strength at which new, unused rope will brea! under a static tensile load. As arope wears oer time, the brea!ing strength is naturally reduced. +reaing strengt* s*ould ne"er be&onsidered t*e rope-s 'oring load. To determine wor!ing load, the brea!ing strength must be reduced bya design factor or safety factor which aries depending on the type of machine and installation used.



/*e &orre&t 'a# to easure 'ire rope is'it* t*e %a&es o% t*e &aliper in &onta&t'it* t*e &ro'ns o% t'o opposingstrands.



/#pe o% Ser"i&e 0iniu Sa%et# Fa&tor

9uy %opes 3.

$ire %ope Slings

:erhead 9antry &ranes 6

Small ;lectric and Air <oists 7

;"ample/ -1,200 lbs. brea!ing strength rope in anoerhead gantry crane application

0axiu 'or load 21,455 lbs. 6 2 6,66 lbs.

Breaking Strength



&irerope lays &irerope cores

WIRE ROPE



6 × 19 classification of wire rope



Safe use of wire rope/sling

Majority of slings used should be fitted with

thimbles to utilise the strength of the rope.

With soft eye slings , strength is reduced if

eye is supporting load via a small diameter,

e.g. shackle pin.



Safe Working Loads

In accordance to BS 1290

i) Single Leg Sling = SWL of one leg

ii) Double Leg Sling = SWL of one leg x 1.4

iii) Tree and four leg !ling! =

SWL of one leg x 2.1

"ote # SWL of $ire ro%e increa!e! $endia&eter of $ire ro%e increa!e!.



Pre-Use !a"ination - Wire

#ope SlingsPrior to using sling , the following checks

should be made :

The W! is ade"uate for load.

The colour coding #if applicable$ is

current and the sling has an %& mark.




#ope Slings

'xa&ine indi(idual leg alongentire lengt cec* for

Wear

+orro!ion

,bra!ion-ecanical Da&age

Bro*en Wire!




#ope Slings '(amine each ferrule and ensure correct si)e

has been fitted.

*heck the end of loop does not terminateinside ferrule.

+errule should be free from cracks and

deformities. '(amine each thimble for correct fitting,

snagging, damage and elongation.




#ope Slings tretched thimbleseyes indicate possible

overload.

'(amine wire rope around thimbles. %t isoften abraded due to sling being dragged

over rough surfaces.

%f fitted with hooks, check for wear ,corrosion and cracking and ensure safety

latch functions.



Safety

With multi-leg slings, the W! marked is

applicable to working angles up to /

degrees included. &o 01T e(ceed this angle unless sling has

been rated and specifically marked for

greater angle.



Safe use of "an "ade

slings *onsists of web slings and round slings.

2vailable in five basic formats:



Synthetic-Web Slings

Synt$etic-we% sling types




slings+ormat

%$ With soft becketed eyes

ii$ With 3&4 links

iii$ With 3&4 link 5 reevable

link

iv$ 'ndless #+lat webbing$

v$ 'ndless #6ound sling$

!ifting Modes

-Multi- purpose

- traight or basketlift

-traight, basket 5

choke lift

- Multi purpose

- Multi purpose



General $ut# Web Slings

Flat 8#eand8#e /'isted 8#eand8#e 8ndless

Slings hae a red warning core that shows when the 7ac!et is worn and the sling should beremoed from serice. A sewnon tag on each sling shows the material, length, and wor! loadlimits. 4a"imum temperature is 10= +. 4eet :S<A standard 1(10.1- and AS# specification*30.(.

Flat e#eande#e slings also !nown as Type -- or Type 3 collapse into a flat position,ma!ing sling remoal easier in tight spaces.

'isted e#eande#e slings also !nown as Type 55 or Type - hae eyes that are turned (0=to form a better cho!er hitch. This allows the ends to nest together when used in a singlehoo!bas!et configuration.

8ndless slings also !nown as Type '' or Type 5 are the most uniersal general duty slings.The wear>load bearing point changes position eery time the sling is used, which increases thesling8s life.



Safety

When using single slings in pairs or endless

slings :

7e aware of reduction in sling capacity due

to angles and sling configurations.




slings 8 tonne capacity per 9/ mm of width of

simple( slings #single thickness$

8 tonne capacity per 9 mm of width ofduple( slings # double thickness$.

*onsider the lifting mode, ee figure 8;.

and table <



Pre-Use !a"ination and

Safety of &an &ade Slings7efore use, visually e(amine entire length

and check for :

The W! is ade"uate for load

The colour coding #if applicable$ is current

and the sling has an %& mark.

*uts, tears or chaffing.

7urst stitching #esp round the eyes$




Safety of &an &ade Slings *hemical damage

=eat damage

%ngress of foreign bodies into fibres

&istortionwear in the metal eyes #where

fitted$

&o not use round slings with cuts found in

the outer protective cover.




Safety of &an &ade Slings 2void using slings in alkali conditions. *an

cause polyester in sling to disintegrate.

2void positioning slings around sharp

corner. #+igure 8;.>$.

?se packing around sharp edges.



' d d % d i i ti



'ood and %ad rigging practices

Crane and lifting safety.ppt

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