CPSC 441 - Application Layer 1

Trying out HTTP (client side) for yourself

1. Telnet to your favorite Web server:Opens TCP connection to port 80(default HTTP server port) at cis.poly.edu.Anything typed in sent to port 80 at cis.poly.edu

telnet cis.poly.edu 80

2. Type in a GET HTTP request:GET /~ross/ HTTP/1.1Host: cis.poly.edu

By typing this in (hit carriagereturn twice), you sendthis minimal (but complete) GET request to HTTP server

3. Look at response message sent by HTTP server!

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 2

Try SMTP interaction for yourself:

telnet servername 25 see 220 reply from server enter HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT

commands above lets you send email without using email

client (reader)

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 3

Socket programming

Socket API introduced in BSD4.1 UNIX,

1981 explicitly created, used,

released by apps client/server paradigm two types of transport

service via socket API: unreliable datagram reliable, byte stream-

oriented

a host-local, application-created,

OS-controlled interface (a “door”) into which

application process can both send and

receive messages to/from another

application process

socket

Goal: learn how to build client/server application that communicate using sockets

An abstract interface provided to the application programmer File descriptor, allows apps to read/write to

the network Allows to processes on remotely

connected computers to talk to each other

What is a socket?

SOCK_STREAM TCP connection

oriented, bidirectional

reliable, in-order delivery

Two types of socketsSOCK_DGRAM

UDP no connection unreliable delivery,

no guarantee on the order

can send/receive

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 6

Socket-programming using TCPSocket: a door between application process and end-

end-transport protocol (UCP or TCP)TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one

process to another

process

TCP withbuffers,

variables

socket

controlled byapplicationdeveloper

controlled byoperating

system

host orserver

process

TCP withbuffers,

variables

socket

controlled byapplicationdevelopercontrolled byoperatingsystem

host orserver

internet

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 7

Socket programming with TCPClient must contact server server process must first be

running server must have created

socket (door) that welcomes client’s contact

Client contacts server by: creating client-local TCP

socket specifying IP address, port

number of server process When client creates socket:

client TCP establishes connection to server TCP

When contacted by client, server TCP creates new socket for server process to communicate with client allows server to talk

with multiple clients source port numbers

used to distinguish clients (more in Chap 3)

TCP provides reliable, in-order transfer of bytes (“pipe”) between client and server

application viewpoint

Socket Programming in C

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 8

Socket Programming - Flowsocket()

connect()

send()

recv()

close()

...

socket()

bind()

listen()

accept()

recv()

send()

close()

wait for connection request from next client

Client Server

int s = socket(family, type,protocol); family: AF_INET specifies Ipv4 type: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM protocol: 0 (pseudo, IP ). See /etc/protocols

socket()

TransportLayer

Used to address processes on a host 0-1024 is usually reserved for known service

Ports

FTP Server

Web Server

21 80

NetworkLayer

DLL/Physical

Bind(socket, localAdd, addLength) Server specifies which port and address it will

be listening to socket: our socket descriptor localAdd: socket address structure addLength: length of the address

bind()

struct sockaddr_in {u_char sin_len; // length of addressu_char sin_family; // family of addressu_short sin_port; // protocol port numstruct in_addr sin_addr; // IP Addrchar sin_zero[8]; // set to zero, used for padding};

Address Structure

Declare address structure struct sockaddr_in sockAdd;

Set family sockAdd.sin_family = AF_INET;

Set IP address sockAdd.sin_addr.s_addr =

inet_pton(“127.0.0.1”) Set port

sockAdd.sin_port = htons(9999);

Address Structure

int status = listen(sock, queuelength); status: -1 if error, 0 otherwise sock: socket descriptor queuelen: Number of clients that can “wait” for a connection listen is non-blocking: returns immediately

listen()

int s = accept(sock, &name, &namelen); s: new socket for communication with client sock: the listening socket name: struct sockaddr, address of client namelen: sizeof(name): size of client address structure accept is blocking: waits for connection before returning

accept()

fork() is a C system call used to spawn child processes Execution for both child and parent process

continues at the next instruction fork() returns

• 0 if this is the child process• PID (>0) of the child process if this is the parent• <0 if fork() fails

Used to keep listening on socket and talking on another socket

System calls - fork()

int send(int s_new, const void *buf, int len, int flags);

• s_new – socket descriptor• buf – pointer to buffer• len – size of buffer• flags – can be safely set to 0

int recv(int s_new, void *buf, int len, unsigned int flags);

• similar to send• buf holds the data to be transferred

Talking

Socket Programming in Java

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 19

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 20ou

tToS

erve

r

to network from network

inFr

omS

erve

r

inFr

omU

ser

keyboard monitor

Process

clientSocket

inputstream

inputstream

outputstream

TCPsocket

Clientprocess

client TCP socket

Stream jargon A stream is a sequence

of characters that flow into or out of a process.

An input stream is attached to some input source for the process, e.g., keyboard or socket.

An output stream is attached to an output source, e.g., monitor or socket.

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 21

Example: Java client (TCP)import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPClient {

public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String sentence; String modifiedSentence;

BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);

DataOutputStream outToServer = new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());

Createinput stream

Create client socket,

connect to serverCreate

output streamattached to socket

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 22

Example: Java client (TCP), cont.

BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');

modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();

System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close(); } }

Createinput stream

attached to socket

Send lineto server

Read linefrom server

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 23

Example: Java server (TCP)import java.io.*; import java.net.*;

class TCPServer {

public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String clientSentence; String capitalizedSentence;

ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789); while(true) { Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();

BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));

Createwelcoming socket

at port 6789Wait, on welcoming

socket for contactby client

Create inputstream, attached

to socket

CPSC 441 - Application Layer 24

Example: Java server (TCP), cont

DataOutputStream outToClient = new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());

clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();

capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';

outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence); } } }

Read in linefrom socket

Create outputstream,

attached to socket

Write out lineto socket

End of while loop,loop back and wait foranother client connection

Demo

A simple client – server example:Echo Server

Socket Programming, Dan Rubinstein, http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~danr/courses/6761/Fall00/intro/6761-1b-sockets.ppt

15-441 Socket Programming, www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15441-f01/www/lectures/lecture03.ppt

Network Programming, Geoff Kuenning, www.cs.hmc.edu/~geoff/classes/hmc.cs105.200701/slides/class21_net2.ppt

Socket Programming, Abhinav Jain, www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/jain8/cs422/pso3.ppt

References