1 Copyright © 2014 Tata Consultancy Services Limited

From Embedded Systems to Cyber-physical Systems- Model-driven Development for Internet-of-Things

Dr. Arpan PalPrincipal Scientist and Research HeadInnovation Lab, KolkataTCS

With Dr. Arijit MukherjeeApr 15, 2023

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Cyber-physical Systems – Internet-of-Everything

Humans

Physical Objects

and Infrastruct

ure

Computing Infrastruct

ure

Peo

ple

Con

text

Dis

cove

ry

PhysicalContext Discovery

INTERNET OF EVERYTHING

Physical Context

Discovery

What is happening, where and when

People Context

DiscoveryWho is doing what, where and when,

who is thinking what

Internet of

Digital

Internet of

Things

Internet of

Humans

ABI Research. May 7, 2014

"In the next century, planet earth will don an electronic skin. It will use the Internet as a scaffold to support and transmit its sensations.“ - Neil Gross 1999

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Embedded Systems– Information processing

systems embedded into enclosing products

– Typically Stand-alone– Focus on constrained

devices (CPU, Memory)– Focus on Real-time

Response and Reliability (Instruct – Act)

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS)– Integrations of Information

Processing and Physical Processes

– Networked Embedded Systems

– Intelligence-on-the-cloud: not constrained

– Focus on Sensing based Analytics and Business Intelligence (Sense-Analyze-Respond)

Traditional Embedded Systems vs. Cyber-physical Systems

From Embedded …… Towards CPS

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It’s a Connected Universe

NEVER FORGET YOUR PILLS MONITOR YOUR ACTIVITYMONITOR THE AGED

source: http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/

HEAT YOUR HOME EFFICIENTLY

MAKE SURE THE OVEN IS OFF

TRACK DOWN THOSE LOST KEYS

KEEP THE CITY CLEAN RECEIVE POLLUTION WARNINGSUSE ELECTRICITY MORE EFFICIENTLY

ConnectedIndividual

ConnectedHome

ConnectedCity

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Sensors & actuators

req

uest

resp

on

se

Cons

umes

info

rmat

ion

Gen

erat

es

info

rmat

ion

Traditional internet-based software stack

Drivers

“Things” – Traditional Embedded Devices

Traditional way to look at IoT - Embedded + Internet

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Actuators Sensors

Infe

rG

enera

tes

Tem

p T

ime-

serie

s

Cons

umes

info

rmat

ion

Generates

Insights

(It’s Hot)

Drivers

A new way to look at IoT – Knowledge-driven Semantic Sensor Web

Entity of Interest(building)

Phenomenon(catches fire)

observation

Drivers

Sensormeasurement

Deduce Fire, activate fire

control measures

actuation

PhysicalWorld

CyberWorld

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Horizontal operators(semantic integration) operates on data from heterogeneous sources to created integrated data streams.

Semantic Sensor Web - From Data to Wisdom

temperature

humidity

odor

image

high temperature

gaseous odor

light

concentrated light

high temperature indicates fire

gaseous odor indicates gas discharge

Fire from Gas Leak, evacuate

immediately, send fire fighting team

equipped with gas leakage

data

information

knowledge

wisdom

Vertical operators(semantic abstraction) operates on artifacts at each level and transcends them to the next level

F PCS(Data, KB*) → Information

F PCS(Knowledge, KB) → Wisdom

F PCS(Information, KB) → Knowledge

KB: Knowledge base

Adopted from: Physical-Cyber-Social Computing: An early 21st Century Approach, Amit Sheth et. al.

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Requirements and Challenges for IoT – Need for a Platform

Applications need support for

Visibility Capture & store data from sensors

InsightsPatterns, relationships and models

Control Optimize and actuate

TCUP – TCS Connected Universe PlatformA horizontal platform for addressing the IoT Software and Services market

Model-driven DevelopmentModel the Domain Knowledge

Model the Infrastructure / Architecture – Network, Storage, Compute (Device and Cloud)

Model the Analytics – map to Domain Requirements

TCUP Platform

Model the Sensor – Semantics, Phenomenon

Thank You

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