CPS: Communications

Dr. Bheemarjuna Reddy Tamma

IIT HYDERABAD

CONTENTS

Background/Motivation

Wireless Communication Technologies

Machine-to-Machine Communication

M2M Architecrures

Issues in M2M Communicatuon

Conclusions

References

CPS Building Blocks

Wireless Communication Technologies

Communication is the act of exchanging ideas,

information, and opinions.

When we use technical equipment in

communicating, it is called communication

technology.

When wireless medium is used in any

communication technology then it is called

Wireless Communication Technology.

Wireless Radio Access Technologies

Cellular Networks: GSM, UMTS, LTE

IEEE 802.11, 802.16 (WiMAX), 802.22

Bluetooth

ZigBee (802.15.4), UWB

6LoWPAN

Types of Communication

Wireless Communication technology can be

used for four distinct types of communication:

Human-to-human communication

Human-to-machine communication

Machine-to-human communication

Machine-to-machine communication

M2M sessions will outnumber H2H mobile sessions by a factor of more than 30 to one in 2020. Source: Forrester

Machine to Machine Communication

Introduction

M2M Definition from Numerex:

“M2M uses a device (sensor, meter, etc.) to capture

an ‘event’ (temperature, inventory level, etc.), which is

relayed through a network (wireless, wired or hybrid)

to an application (software program), that translates the

captured event into meaningful information (e.g., items

need to be restocked).”

The Internet of 50 Billion Intelligent Devices (Internet of Things)!

A large number of intelligent machines sharing information and

making decisions without direct human intervention.

Also named Machine Type Communication (MTC) in 3GPP

Embedded Mobile (Internet)/Internet of Things

Internet of Things Vision

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M2M Applications

Security

• Surveillance applications, alarms, people tracking

Transportation

• Fleet management, emission control, toll payment

Health care

• e-Health

M2M Applications

Utilities

• Measurement, provisioning and billing of utilities, such as Oil and water

Manufacturing

• Production chain monitoring and automation

Facility Management

• Home / building / campus automation

Early M2M Prototype Systems

GPS Navigation System

Sensor Networks

Smart Meters

M2M Community

AT&T M2M Developer Kit

Typical M2M Characteristics

Low-energy, Low-cost, Low-processing power

Infrequent and small data transmissions

Enormous number of MTC nodes

Two-way communication

Low-latency and Reliable transmission (QoS)

No mobility or limited mobility

M2M Architecture

M2M Architecture consists of three interlinked

domains:

M2M Device Domain

Network Domain

Application Domain

M2M Architecture

Architecture …

M2M Device Domain

M2M Device

A device capable of replying to request for data contained within that device or capable of transmitting data contained within those devices autonomously

M2M Area Network

Provide connectivity between M2M Devices and M2M Gateways

M2M Gateway

Use M2M capabilities to ensure M2M Devices inter-working and interconnection to the communication network

Architecture …

Network Domain

M2M Communication Networks:

Communications between the M2M Gateway(s) and M2M application

E.g. Access Networks (xDSL, LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN) and Internet

Applications Domain

M2M Applications:

Contains the middleware layer where data goes through various application services and is used by the specific business-processing engines

M2M System

Sensors: Energy efficient/Self-powered

Communication Module: Wireline/Wireless (IPv6, VPN)

Embedded SIMs

Middleware platforms

To give s/w developers an application view of end-to-end M2M data

Functionality includes SIM activation, routing, buffering, formatting,

managing M2M data

MNOs (AT&T, O2, Vadafone)

MVNOs (Wyless, Wireless Logic)

MVNEs (Aspider Sols): SIM card agreement, IP address

management, cost control, fraud management

High Level M2M Architecture

Source: Reference [GWu2011]

Hierarchical M2M Architecture

Source: Reference [IEEE2010]

Home M2M Architecture

Source: Reference [YZhang2011]

Radio Technologies for M2M

Source: Reference [YZhang2011]

Issues in M2M Naming, Address and routing:

Alternative addressing solution based on IP addresses should be studied

Power Saving @ M2M devices:

Policies must be developed to save battery power of M2M devices for uninterrupted communication.

Optimizing sensing, processing, and transmission activities to save battery power

Power Saving @ Base Stations

Scalability of Network Architecture for Trillions of nodes

Diverse M2M Applications Requirements

Reliability:

Reliability in sensing, transmission, and processing must be considered.

Security:

System must be protected from internal and external attacks.

Requirements: Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Access Control, Privacy, Availability

Service levels and QoS

New QoS profiles needs to be defined

RAT Optimizations for M2M

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3GPP M2M Architecture -- 1

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3GPP M2M Architecture -- 2

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LTE for M2M?

• MIMO, Beam forming, Adaptive Modulation, HARQ, CoMP Tx for Higher Data Rate

Are sophisticated link adaption techs required?

• 10 MTCs per sub-frame in PDCCH

• New Frame structure for M2M? Are there enough resources

on control channel?

• Enormous no of MTC Devices

• BO scheme/ Separate resources Random access channel

contentions!

• These become more critical & different issues compared to UEs of H2H

Energy, Complexity, QoS, Mobility, Reliability

Source: Reference [GWu2011]

Conclusions

M2M Solutions Internet of Things (CPS)

Urgently needs standardization of various RATs

for enabling mass scale deployments

M2M deployments are another source of

revenue for Network Operators, OEMs, IT

industry

Energy, QoS, Security, Cost are main factors

References [YZhang2011] Yan Zhang et. al., “Home M2M Networks: Architectures, Standards, and QoS

Improvement”, IEEE Communication Magazine, April 2011.

[GWu2011] Geng Wu et. al., “M2M: From Mobile to Embedded Internet”, IEEE Communication

Magazine, April 2011.

[IEEE2010] IEEE C80216-10_0016r1, “Future 802.16 Network: Challenges and Possibilities,”

March 2010.

[LTEM2M] Yu Chen, Wei Wang, “Machine-to-Machine communication in LTE-A”, 2010.

[SLien2011] S. Lien, K. Chen, and Y. Lin, “Toward Ubiquitous Massive Accesses in 3GPP

Machine-to-Machine Communications”, IEEE Communication Magazine, April 2011.