CPRCPR

Course GoalCourse Goal The American Heart Association designed the Heartsaver The American Heart Association designed the Heartsaver

AED Course to prepare a wide variety of people who, as AED Course to prepare a wide variety of people who, as first respondersfirst responders

May need to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)May need to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

in the workplace or similar settingsin the workplace or similar settings May need to use an automated external defibrillator (AED)May need to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) May need to help someone who is chokingMay need to help someone who is choking Want or need a course completion cardWant or need a course completion card

The Importance of CPRThe Importance of CPR Heart attack, drowning, electric shock, and other problems Heart attack, drowning, electric shock, and other problems

may cause a victim's heart to stop pumping blood. This is may cause a victim's heart to stop pumping blood. This is called cardiac arrest called cardiac arrest

Studies show that effective CPR right away improves survival Studies show that effective CPR right away improves survival from cardiac arrest. Most cardiac arrests happen outside the from cardiac arrest. Most cardiac arrests happen outside the hospital, where bystander CPR is really important hospital, where bystander CPR is really important

You can make a difference, You can make a difference, and the first step is learning CPR. and the first step is learning CPR. You never know when you might need to use the CPR skills You never know when you might need to use the CPR skills you learn for someone you know or even one of your loved you learn for someone you know or even one of your loved ones ones

Who Should Take This CourseWho Should Take This Course

We created this course for anyone who needs We created this course for anyone who needs to learn CPR, including corporate and retail to learn CPR, including corporate and retail employees, security, law enforcement, health employees, security, law enforcement, health and fitness staff, and anyone who needs a and fitness staff, and anyone who needs a course completion card in CPR and AEDcourse completion card in CPR and AED

How This CourseHow This Course Is OrganizedIs Organized

You will learn CPR basics through this student workbook and You will learn CPR basics through this student workbook and the video for the course. You will have a chance to practice the video for the course. You will have a chance to practice many times while the video guides you. When you are not many times while the video guides you. When you are not practicing with the video, you may watch the video, watch the practicing with the video, you may watch the video, watch the other students practice, or follow along in your student other students practice, or follow along in your student workbook.workbook.

During the course you will practice some skills. After you During the course you will practice some skills. After you correctly demonstrate the skills taught in the course, you will correctly demonstrate the skills taught in the course, you will receive a Heartsaver AED course completion card receive a Heartsaver AED course completion card

Adult CPRAdult CPR

What You Will Learn What You Will Learn By the end of this section you should be able toBy the end of this section you should be able to

give CPR to an adult.give CPR to an adult.

Ages for Adult CPR Ages for Adult CPR Adult CPR is for victims 8 years of age and older.Adult CPR is for victims 8 years of age and older.

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

If you know If you know when when to phone your emergency to phone your emergency response number (or 911) and response number (or 911) and how how to give to give compressions and breaths, your actions may compressions and breaths, your actions may save a life. save a life.

There are basic steps in giving CPR:There are basic steps in giving CPR: Doing compressionsDoing compressions Giving breaths that make the chest riseGiving breaths that make the chest rise

CompressionsCompressions

One of the most important parts of adult CPR One of the most important parts of adult CPR is compressions. is compressions.

When you give compressions, you pump blood When you give compressions, you pump blood to the brain and heart. to the brain and heart.

Follow these steps to give compressions to adultsFollow these steps to give compressions to adults

11 Kneel at the victim's side.Kneel at the victim's side.

22 Make sure the victim is lying on his back on a firm, flat surface. If Make sure the victim is lying on his back on a firm, flat surface. If the the victim is lying facedown, carefully roll him onto his back.victim is lying facedown, carefully roll him onto his back.

33 Quickly move or remove clothes from the front of the chest that Quickly move or remove clothes from the front of the chest that will will get in the way of doing compressions and using an AED.get in the way of doing compressions and using an AED.

44 Put the heel of one hand on the center of the victim's chest Put the heel of one hand on the center of the victim's chest between the nipples (Figure 1A). Put the heel of your other hand between the nipples (Figure 1A). Put the heel of your other hand on on top of the first hand (Figure 1B).top of the first hand (Figure 1B).

Figure 1. Chest compressions.

A. Put the heel of one hand on the center of the chest between the nipples.

B. Put the other hand on top of the first hand

55 Push straight down on the chest 11/2 to 2 inches with each Push straight down on the chest 11/2 to 2 inches with each compression. Push hard and fast.compression. Push hard and fast.

6 6 Push at a rate of 100 compressions a minute.Push at a rate of 100 compressions a minute.

77 After each compression, release pressure on the chest to let it After each compression, release pressure on the chest to let it come come back to its normal position.back to its normal position.

ImportantImportant• • Push hard and push fast.Push hard and push fast.

• • Push at a rate of 100 times a minute.Push at a rate of 100 times a minute.

• • After each compression, release pressure on the chest to After each compression, release pressure on the chest to let it comeback to its normal position.let it comeback to its normal position.

Open the AirwayOpen the Airway When giving CPR you must give the victim breaths that make the When giving CPR you must give the victim breaths that make the

chest rise.chest rise.

Before giving breaths, you must open the airway with the head tilt-chin Before giving breaths, you must open the airway with the head tilt-chin lift lift

Performing the Head Tilt-Chin LiftPerforming the Head Tilt-Chin Lift

1.1. Tilt the head by pushing back on the forehead.Tilt the head by pushing back on the forehead.

2.2. Lift the chin by putting your fingers on the bony Lift the chin by putting your fingers on the bony part of the chin. Do not press the soft tissues of part of the chin. Do not press the soft tissues of the neck or under the chin (Figure 2).the neck or under the chin (Figure 2).

3.3. Lift the chin to move the jaw forward.Lift the chin to move the jaw forward.

Figure 2.

Open the airway with a head tilt-chin lift

Giving BreathsGiving Breaths

Your breaths give oxygen to someone who cannot breathe on his own.Your breaths give oxygen to someone who cannot breathe on his own. Actions for Giving BreathsActions for Giving Breaths

Follow these steps to give breaths:Follow these steps to give breaths:

Hold the airway open with a head tilt-chin lift (Figure 2).Hold the airway open with a head tilt-chin lift (Figure 2). Pinch the nose closed.Pinch the nose closed. Take a normal breath and cover the victim's mouth with your Take a normal breath and cover the victim's mouth with your

mouth, creating an airtight seal.mouth, creating an airtight seal. Give 2 breaths (blow for 1 second each). Watch for chest rise Give 2 breaths (blow for 1 second each). Watch for chest rise

as you give each breath (Figure 3).as you give each breath (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Give 2 breaths

Compressions and BreathsCompressions and Breaths

When you give CPR, you do sets of 30 compressions and When you give CPR, you do sets of 30 compressions and

2 breaths. 2 breaths.

Try not to interrupt chest compressions for more Try not to interrupt chest compressions for more than a than a few seconds. few seconds.

For example, For example, don't take too long to give breaths or use the AED don't take too long to give breaths or use the AED

Putting It All TogetherPutting It All Together

Make Sure the Scene Is SafeMake Sure the Scene Is Safe Before you give CPR, make sure the scene Before you give CPR, make sure the scene

is safe for you and the victim (Figure 4). is safe for you and the victim (Figure 4). For example, make sure there is no traffic For example, make sure there is no traffic

in the area that could injure you. You do in the area that could injure you. You do not want to become a victim yourself.not want to become a victim yourself.

Check for ResponseCheck for Response

Check to see if the victim responds before Check to see if the victim responds before giving CPR. Kneel at the victim's side. Tap the giving CPR. Kneel at the victim's side. Tap the victim and shout, "Are you OK?" (Figure 5). victim and shout, "Are you OK?" (Figure 5).

Get HelpGet Help

If the victim does not respond, yell for help. If If the victim does not respond, yell for help. If someone comes, send that person to phone your someone comes, send that person to phone your emergency response number (or 911) and get emergency response number (or 911) and get the AED if available.the AED if available.

If no one comes, leave the victim to phone If no one comes, leave the victim to phone your emergency response number (or 911) your emergency response number (or 911) and get the AED if available (Figure 6). and get the AED if available (Figure 6). Return to the victim and start the steps of Return to the victim and start the steps of

CPRCPR Figure 6.

Phone your emergency response number (or 911) and get the AED if available

Once you have checked the victim for a Once you have checked the victim for a response, you must check to see if the victim is response, you must check to see if the victim is breathing normally breathing normally

Open the victim's airway with a head tilt-chin Open the victim's airway with a head tilt-chin lift.lift.

Check to see if the victim is breathing normally Check to see if the victim is breathing normally (take at least 5 sec onds but no more than 10 (take at least 5 sec onds but no more than 10 seconds) (Figure 7).seconds) (Figure 7).

Put your ear next to the victim's mouth Put your ear next to the victim's mouth and and nose.nose.

Look Look to see if the chest rises.to see if the chest rises. Listen Listen for breaths.for breaths. Feel Feel for breaths on your cheek.for breaths on your cheek.

Figure 7.Look, listen, and feelfor normal breathing

Special SituationsSpecial Situations

Gasps Are Not BreathsGasps Are Not Breaths

In the first few minutes after sudden cardiac In the first few minutes after sudden cardiac arrest, a victim may only gasp.arrest, a victim may only gasp.

Gasping is Gasping is not not breathing. breathing.

ImportantImportant

If the victim gasps when you open the If the victim gasps when you open the airway to check breathing, continue the airway to check breathing, continue the steps of CPR. The victim is likely to need steps of CPR. The victim is likely to need all the steps of CPR.all the steps of CPR.

If the First Breath Does Not Go InIf the First Breath Does Not Go In

If you give a victim a breath and it does If you give a victim a breath and it does not go in, you will need to re-open the not go in, you will need to re-open the airway with a head tilt-chin lift before airway with a head tilt-chin lift before giving the second breath. giving the second breath.

After you give 2 breaths, you will give 30 After you give 2 breaths, you will give 30 compressions. compressions.

You will repeat the sets of 30 You will repeat the sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths untilcompressions and 2 breaths until

the AED arrives, the AED arrives, the victim starts to move,the victim starts to move, trained help takes over. trained help takes over.

Trained help could be someone whose job is Trained help could be someone whose job is taking care of people who are ill or injured taking care of people who are ill or injured such as an EMS responder, nurse, or doctor.such as an EMS responder, nurse, or doctor.

Side PositionSide Position

If the victim is breathing normally but is not If the victim is breathing normally but is not responding, roll the victim to his side and wait responding, roll the victim to his side and wait for trained help to take over (Figure 8). for trained help to take over (Figure 8).

Child CPRChild CPR A child is considered 1 to 8 years oldA child is considered 1 to 8 years old

Some steps for giving CPR to an adult and child are Some steps for giving CPR to an adult and child are similar here are a few differences.similar here are a few differences.

When to phone your emergency response When to phone your emergency response number (911)number (911)

Amount of air for breathsAmount of air for breaths Depth of compressionsDepth of compressions Number of hands for compressionsNumber of hands for compressions

When to PhoneWhen to Phone

If you are alone, do 5 sets of 30 compressions If you are alone, do 5 sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths before leaving the victim to and 2 breaths before leaving the victim to phone your emergency response number phone your emergency response number (911).(911).

This is different from adult CPR, where you This is different from adult CPR, where you phone firstphone first

Amount of Air for BreathsAmount of Air for Breaths

For small children, you will not need to use the For small children, you will not need to use the same amount of air as for larger children or same amount of air as for larger children or adults.adults.

However each breath should still make the However each breath should still make the chest rise.chest rise.

CompressionsCompressions

When you push on a child’s chest, press When you push on a child’s chest, press straight down 1/3 to ½ the depth of the chest.straight down 1/3 to ½ the depth of the chest.

You may need to use one hand for You may need to use one hand for compressions for very small childrencompressions for very small children