Cpr and anaphylaxis neca
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Transcript of Cpr and anaphylaxis neca
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OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this course
participants should be able to demonstrate:
– How to assess the collapsed victim.
– How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position.
– How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing.
– What is Anaphylaxis
– What causes Anaphylaxis
– How to recognise and treat Anaphylaxis
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BACKGROUND
• Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year in Europe
• Survival to hospital discharge presently approximately 5-10%
• Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services
• Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival
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Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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APPROACH SAFELY!
Scene
Rescuer
Bystanders
Victim
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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CHECK RESPONSE
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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Shake shoulders gently
Ask “Are you all right?”
If they responds
• Leave as you find.
• Find out what is wrong.
• Reassess regularly.
CHECK RESPONSE
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SHOUT FOR HELP
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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OPEN AIRWAY
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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OPEN AIRWAY
• Ensure nothing is over or inside the mouth
• Hand on forehead and 2 fingers on chin to tilt head back
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CHECK BREATHING
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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CHECK BREATHING
• Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breathing 10 seconds
• Do not confuse agonal breathing with NORMAL breathing
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NOT BREATHING
If NOT Breathing or Agonal Breathing
• Occurs shortly after the heart stops in up to 40% of cardiac arrests
• Described as barely, heavy, noisy or gasping breathing
• Recognise as a sign of cardiac arrest
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Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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• Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Compress the chest– Rate 100-120 min
– Depth 5-6cm (2 Inches)
– Equal compression : relaxation
• When possible change CPR operator every 2 min
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
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RESCUE BREATHS
Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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RESCUE BREATHS
• Pinch the nose• Tilt casualties head back• Take a normal breath• Place lips over mouth• Blow until the chest rises• Take about 1 second• Allow chest to fall• Repeat
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CONTINUE CPR
• Till Ambulance Arrives• You Pass Out• Signs of Movement and Breathing
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Danger
Response
.Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Call 999
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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-Rapidly developing, life threatening, Airwayand/or Breathing and or Circulationproblems- Usually with skin and/or mucosal changes.
Anaphylaxis is characterised by:
Anaphylaxis is:
- A severe, life-threatening, generalized orsystemic hypersensitivity reaction
What is Anaphylaxis?
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Stings
Nuts
Food
29 wasp, 4 bee, ? 1447
10 peanut, 6 walnut, 2 almond, 2 brazil, 1 hazel, 11 mixed or ?32
5 milk, 2 fish, 2 chickpea, 2 crustacean, 1 banana, 1 snail13
? Food 18 5 during meal, 3 milk, 3 nut, 1 each - fish, yeast, sherbet, nectarine,grape, strawberry
Antibiotics
Anaestheticdrugs
11 penicillin, 12 cephalosporin, 2 amphotericin, 1 ciprofloxacin, 1 vancomycin
27
19 suxamethonium, 7 vecuronium, 6 atracurium, 7 at induction35
Other drugs 15 6 NSAID, 3 ACEI, 5 gelatins, 2 protamine, 2 vitamin K,1 each - etoposide, diamox, pethidine, local anaesthetic,diamorphine, streptokinase
Contrast media 9 iodinated, 1 technetium, 1 fluorescine11
Other 1 latex, 1 hair dye, 1 hydatid,1 idiopathic4
Suspected triggers for fatal anaphylactic reactions in the UK between 1992 2001‐
What Causes Anaphylaxis?
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Anaphylactic reaction is highly likelywhen following 3 criteria are fulfilled:
• Sudden onset and rapid progression ofsymptoms
• Life-threatening Airway and/or Breathingand/or Circulation problems
• Skin and/or mucosal changes (flushing, hives, blotches).
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gRECOGNITIONA B C D E-
Airway problems
•Airway swelling e.g. throat and tongue swelling
•Difficulty in breathing and swallowing
•Sensation that throat is ‘closing up’
•Hoarse voice
•Stridor
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Breathing problems
•Shortness of breath•Increased respiratory rate•Wheeze•Patient becoming tired•Confusion caused by hypoxia•Cyanosis (appears blue) - a late sign•Respiratory arrest.
Respiratory arrest
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Circulation problems
•Signs of shock - pale, clammy
•Increased pulse rate (tachycardia)
•Low blood pressure (hypotension)
•Decreased level of consciousness
•Cardiac arrest.
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Disability
•Sense of “impending doom
•Anxiety, panic
•Decreased conscious level caused byairway, breathing or circulation problem.
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Exposure
•Skin changes- swelling / Flushing
•Present in over 80% of anaphylactic reactions
•Skin, mucosal, or both skin and mucosalchanges.