CPM METHODS

8/22/2019 CPM METHODS

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Ethics and Culture

Module 2

LIS 580: Spring 2006Instructor- Michael Crandall


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March 30, 2006 LIS580- Spring 2006 2

Roadmap

What is ethics?

Ethics in the workplace

Organizational culture and socialresponsibility

Diversity in the workplace


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The Wall Street Journal Workplace-

Ethics Quiz

FIGURE 21Source: Wall Street Journal, 21 October 1999, pp. 8184. Ethics Officer Association, Belmont, Mass.; Ethics

Leadership Group, Wilmette, Ill.; surveys sampled a cross-section of workers at large companies and nationwide.

G.Dessler, 2003


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The Meaning of Ethics

Ethics

The study of standards of conduct andmoral judgment; also, the standards of right

conduct. Normative Judgment

A comparative evaluation stating orimplying that something is good or bad,

right or wrong, or better or worse.

Morality

A societys accepted norms of behavior.G.Dessler, 2003


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G.Dessler, 2003

Moral Philosophies


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The Ethical Continuum

FIGURE 22Source: Source: Michael Boylan, Business Ethics

(Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001), p. 119.

Low High

G.Dessler, 2003


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Ethics and the Law

Important Points:

Something may be legal but not right

(ethical)

Something may be right (ethical) but not

legal.

G.Dessler, 2003


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What Influences Ethical

Behavior At Work?

Ethical Work

Behaviors

Individual

Factors

Organizational

Factors

Top

Management

Ethics Policies

and Codes

G.Dessler, 2003


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G.Dessler, 2003


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Raytheon Companys Quick

Ethics Test

Is the action legal?

Is it right?

Who will be affected? Does it fit company values?

How will it feel afterwards?

How will it look in the newspaper? Will it reflect poorly on the company?

G.Dessler, 2003


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Checklist 2.1

How to Foster Ethics at Work Emphasize top managements

commitment.

Publish an ethics code.

Establish compliance mechanisms.

Involve personnel at all levels.

Train employees.

Measure results.

G.Dessler, 2003


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What Is Organizational Culture?

Organizational Culture

The characteristic set of values and ways of

behaving that employees in an organization share.

Patterns of Behavior Ceremonial events, written and spoken comments,

and actual behaviors of an organizations members

that create the organizational culture.

Values and Beliefs Guiding standards of an organization that affirm

what should be practiced, as distinct from what is

practiced.G.Dessler, 2003


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Components of Organizational

Culture

Signs and Symbols

Practices and actions that create and sustain a

companys culture.

Stories The repeated tales and anecdotes that

contribute to a companys culture by illustrating

and reinforcing important company values.

Rites and Ceremonies Traditional culture-building events or activities

that symbolize the firms values and help convert

employees to these values.G.Dessler, 2003


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Managers And Social

Responsibility

Social Responsibility

The extent to which companies should and do

channel resources toward improving the quality of

life of one or more segments of society other thanthe firms own stockholders.

Managerial Capitalism

The classic view is that a corporations main

purpose is to maximize profits for stockholders. Stakeholder Theory

Business has a social responsibility to serve all the

corporate stakeholders affected by its decisions.G.Dessler, 2003


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FIGURE 25

A Corporations Major

Stakeholders

G.Dessler, 2003


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Managers And Social

Responsibility (contd) Moral Minimum

The idea that corporations should be free to

strive for profits so long as they commit noharm.

Stockholders versus Stakeholders?

G.Dessler, 2003


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How to Improve the Companys

Social Responsiveness Corporate Social Audit

A rating system used to evaluate a corporations

performance in meeting its social obligations. Whistle-blowing

The activities of employees who try to report

organizational wrongdoing.

Social Responsibility Networks Organizations that promote socially responsible

business practices and help managers to establish

socially responsible programs.G.Dessler, 2003


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Managing Diversity

Managing Diversity Planning and implementing organizational systems

and practices to manage people in a way thatmaximizes the potential advantages of diversity

while minimizing its potential disadvantages. Cultural diversity contributes to improved

productivity, return on equity, and marketperformance.

Diverse Describes a workforce comprised of two or more

groups, each of which can be identified bydemographic or other characteristics.

G.Dessler, 2003


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Bases for Diversity

Racial and Ethnic

Gender

Older workers People with disabilities

Sexual/affectional orientation

Religion

G.Dessler, 2003


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Barriers in Dealing with Diversity

Stereotyping Attributing specific behavioral traits to

individuals on the basis of their apparentmembership in a group.

Prejudice A bias that results from prejudging someone on

the basis of the latters particular trait or traits.

Ethnocentrism A tendency to view members of ones own

group as the center of the universe and to viewother social groups less favorably than onesown.

G.Dessler, 2003


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Barriers in Dealing with Diversity

(contd) Discrimination

A behavioral bias toward or against a person

based on the group to which the person belongs.

Tokenism

Appointing a small number of minority-group

members to high-profile positions instead of more

aggressively achieving full group representation. Gender-Role Stereotyping

Usually, the association of women with certain

behaviors and possibly (often lower-level) jobs.G.Dessler, 2003


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FIGURE 27

Activities Required to Better

Manage Diversity

G.Dessler, 2003


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Wrapup

Management is part of life in an organizational

society

Knowing how it works can help you achieve

your goals: personal, professional, and social Ethical and social responsibility is affected by

managerial actions and inaction

Your choices as a manager build anorganizational culture that reflects your

decisions and values

Take charge to make changes


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Ghoshals Thesis


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Different Approaches


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Next Time

A week on planningTuesdays topic isdecision making Read Chapter 3 and assigned article

First discussion!! Be sure to read the case

Think about these questions as you read Why is a decision so hard in this case?

What process might have made it easier?

Could something have been done earlier in the

process to avoid the complications? Who should be responsible for the decision?

If you had to decide what to do next to resolve thisproblem, how would you go about it?

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