CPE303 MICROPROCESSORS
Transcript of CPE303 MICROPROCESSORS
CPE303
MICROPROCESSORSDR. OĞUZHAN MENEMENCIOĞLU
OUTLINE
Introduction to Course
The Syllabus
About course
Textbook
General guidelines and policies
Tentative grading
Let’s Just remember!
Content
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INTRODUCTIONWEEK 1
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THE SYLLABUS
This is CPE303 \ CME 321 – Microprocessors
Objective – A basic understanding of computer architecture, specifically microprocessors programing.
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ABOUT COURSE
Instructor: Dr. Oğuzhan MENEMENCİOĞLU
e-mail Address: [email protected]
Web page: https://bit.ly/3COfxd5
Presentation may be shared in this web page. The sharing notes is not core business of the lecturer. So, you
should take a note for yourself.
Telegram announcement channel : https://bit.ly/3ivdpzp (In English)
: https://bit.ly/3m0odpT (Türkçe)
After this course, immediately join the channel!
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TEXTBOOK
The Intel Microprocessors, by
Brey, Prentice Hall, 5th Edition.
The 80x86 IBM
PC and Compatible Computer,
by M. A. Mazidi &. J. G. Mazidi,
Prentice Hall, 4th Edition.
Computer System Architecture,
by M. Morris Mano, 3th Edition.
Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Prentice Hall, 5th
Edition.
X86 Tabanlı Mikroişlemci Mimarisi ve Assembly Dili, by Nurettin Topaloğlu, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 3. basım (In Turkish)
USEFUL BOOKS
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GENERAL GUIDELINES AND POLICIES
▪ Generally a quiz each week. Quiz will not necessarily be announced each week. NO MAKEUP QUIZZES
▪ Homework due prior midnight of the next classes after assigned. Homework will be delivered by submitting to
Turnitin. Turnitin will close on due date. NO LATE HOMEWORKS will be accepted by system. No submissions
after due date via email will be graded.
▪ Midterm and Final exam will be announced by deanery.
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TENTATIVE GRADING
Grading
Midterm: 40%
Exam: 85%
Lab-Assignments-Quiz 15% (Max.)
Final: 60%
Exam: 85%
Lab-Assignments-Quiz 15% (Max.)
Attendance is required in all course hours and labs for all students.
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LET’S JUST REMEMBER! TRANSFORMATION HIGH LEVEL COMPUTER LANGUAGES TO MACHINE LANGUAGE
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COMPUTER LANGUAGES
Machine Language – A collection of binary numbers
Not standardized. There is a different machine language for every processor family.
Assembly Language - mnemonic codes that corresponds to machine language instructions.
Low level: Very close to the actual machine language.
High-level Languages - Combine algebraic expressions and symbols from English
High Level : Very far away from the actual machine language
For example: Fortran, Cobol, C, Prolog, Pascal, C#, Perl, Java.
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EXAMPLE
Memory addresses Machine Language
Instructions
Assembly
Language
Instructions
00000000 00000000 CLA
00000001 00010101 ADD A
00000010 00010110 ADD B
00000011 00110101 STA A
00000100 01110111 HLT
00000101 ? A ?
00000110 ? B ? 11/31
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EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
char name[40];
printf("Please enter your name\n");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Hello %s", name);
push offset string "Please enter your name\n"
(41364Ch)
call dword ptr [__imp__printf (415194h)]
add esp,4
lea eax,[name]
push eax
push offset string "%s" (413648h)
call dword ptr [__imp__scanf (41519Ch)]
add esp,8
lea eax,[name]
push eax
push offset string "Hello %s" (41363Ch)
call dword ptr [__imp__printf (415194h)]
add esp,8
68 4C 36 41 00 FF 15 94 51 41 00 83 C4 04 8D 45 D8
50 68 48 36 41 00 FF 15 9C 51 41 00 83 C4 08 8D 45
D8 50 68 3C 36 41 00 FF 15 94 51 41 00 83 C4 08
C Source Code:
Assembly Code:
Machine Code: 13/31
CONTENT
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SYNOPSIS
The microprocessor is a general-purpose programmable logic device.
Understanding the microprocessor concepts is crucial in understanding the operation of digital computer.
This course is an introduction to the basic concept of microprocessor architecture and operation, programming model, pins configuration and microprocessor interfacing.
The content of the course is divided into three sections:
microprocessor architecture,
programming and
interfacing input/output.
The course is designed around the Intel 16-bit microprocessor (8086) and its assembly language.
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OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, student should be:
Able to understand the basic operation of microprocessor.
Able to understand the basic concept of microprocessor architecture and its pins configuration.
Able to understand the machine language programs.
Able to design and write programs in assembly language.
Able to understand the basic concept of microprocessor input/output interfacing
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COURSE OVERVIEW
Introduction to Microcomputers and Microprocessors
The 8086 Processor Architecture, Internals, Registers,
Flags, Segments
8086 Address Space, Memory, Registers, and data transfers
Address Modes
Basic Instruction Set
Basic Arithmetic Instructions
Logical, Shift and Rotate, Data Testing
The remaining instructions
BIOS and DOS interrupts
Memory and Memory Interfacing for 80x86
Input / Output Interface Circuits and
Peripheral Devices
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LET’S WARM UP!
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INITIAL QUESTIONS
What does the “micro” mean?
What does the “computer” mean?
What does the “microprocessor” mean?
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COMPUTER HISTORY
Date Development Name Description
3000BC-500BC Abacus
1642 Calculating Machine Blaise Pascal, a French religious philosopher and mathematician, builds
the first practical mechanical calculating machine.
1673 Multiplication Machine is invented by Leibnitz
1830 Analytical Engine is designed by Charles Babbage
1890 The U.S. Census Bureau adopts the Hollerith Punch Card, Tabulating
Machine and Sorter to compile results of the 1890 census, reducing an
almost 10-year process to 2 ½ years, saving the government a whopping
$5 million. Inventor Herman Hollerith, a Census Bureau statistician,
forms the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896. The TMC eventually
evolved into IBM.
1939 The first semi-electronic digital computing device is constructed by JohnAtanassoff.
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COMPUTER HISTORY (CONT.)
Date Development Name Description
1941 German inventor Konrad Zuse produces the Z3 for use in aircraft and
missile design but the German government misses the boat and does
not support him.
1943 English mathematician Alan Turing begins operation of his secret
computer for the British military. It was used by cryptographers to break
secret German military codes. It was the first vacuum tube computer
but its existence was not made public until decades later.
Thomas Harold Flowers built the first digital and programmable
computer called the Colossus
1946 ENIAC-First generation
electronic computers
(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)30 tons, 8 ft high, 30 ft longUsed thousands tubes & valves
1951 Univac I-First
generation electronic
computers
(Universal Automatic Computer), using a Teletype keyboard and printer
for user interaction, and became the first commercially available
computer. It could handle both numerical and alphabetic data.
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FIRST GENERATION ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS COMPUTER HISTORY (CONT.)
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COMPUTER HISTORY (CONT.)
Date Development Name Description
1954-59 2nd Generation
Computers
Transistor invented by William Shockley at Bell Labs
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) introduced its Standards Eastern
Automatic Computer (SEAC)
The first magnetic disk drive designed by Jacob Rabinow
IBM introduced the 702 business computer in 1955
Bendix G-15A small business computer sold for only $45,000, designed
by Harry Huskey of NBS in 1956
1959-71 3rd Generation
Computers
Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments patented the first integrated circuit (IC)
in Feb. 1959
IBM announced the System/360 all-purpose computer, using 8-bit
character word length (a "byte") in 1964
DEC introduced the first "mini-computer", the PDP-8, in 1968
Development began on ARPAnet, funded by the DOD in 196923/31
COMPUTER HISTORY (CONT.)
Date Development Name Description
1971--? 4th Generation
Computers
Large Scale Integration (LSI) andVLSIIntel inc introduced the 4-bit 4004, aVLSI of 2300 components in 1971IBM developed the first true sealed hard disk drive, called the"Winchester" in 1973In 1980, IBM signed a contract with the Microsoft Co. of Bill Gates andPaul Allen and Steve Ballmer to supply an operating system for IBM'snew PC model. Microsoft paid $25,000 to Seattle Computer for therights to QDOS that became Microsoft DOS, and Microsoft began itsclimb to become the dominant computer company in the world.Apple Computer introduced the Macintosh personal computer 1984.
? 5th Generation
Computers
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The microprocessor revolution began with a bold and innovative approach in logic design pioneered by Intel
engineer Ted Hoff.
In 1969, Intel was primarily in the business of designing semiconductor memory.
it introduced a 64-hit bipolar RAM chip that year.
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Intel coined the term “microprocessor” and in 1971 released the first 4-bit microprocessor as the 4004.
It was designed with LSI technology;
It had 2,300 transistors, 640 bytes of memory-addressing capacity, and a 108 kHz clock. Thus, the microprocessor revolution
began with this tiny chip.
Gordon Moore, cofounder of Intel Corporation, predicted that the number of transistors per integrated circuit
would double every 18 months;
this came to he known as “Moore’s Law.”
Just twenty-five years since the invention of the 4004, we have processors that are designed with 15 million transistors, that
can address one terabyte (1 X 1012) of memory, and that can operate at 400 MHz to I.5 GHz frequency (see Table 1.1).
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
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MOORE’S LAW
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TERMS
Term Decimal Name Binary
K (kilo) 103 Thousand 210
M (mega) 106 Million 220
G (giga) 109 Billion 230
T (tera) 1012 Trillion 240
P (peta) 1015 Quadrillion 250
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RESOURCES
Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Prentice Hall, 5th
Edition.
Dr. Mehmet Demirer and Dr. Seniha EsenYuksel, Lecturer Notes of Computers and Programming II, HacettepeUniversity, 2014.
Dr. Masri Ayob, Lecturer Notes of Microprocessor & Interfacing, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2009.
Dr. Ali Ziya Alkar, Lecturer Notes of Microprocessor and Programming II, Hacettepe University, 2016.
Dr. Joanne E. DeGroat, Lecturer Notes of Introduction to Microcontrollers. Ohio State University, 2014.
Dr. Joanne E. DeGroat, Lecturer Notes of Introduction to Microcontroller Based Systems. Ohio State University, 2010.
These slides are designed to accompany The Intel Microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium, 4, and Core2 with 64-bit Extensions Architecture, Programming,and Interfacing, Pearson Education, Inc. , Eighth Edition. Slides copyright 2009 by Barry B. Brey.
Dr. IhsanYassin, Lecturer Notes of Digital Systems & Microprocessors. Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 2013.
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THANK YOU