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COVER

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THE 2ND INDONESIA SHARKS AND RAYS SYMPOSIUM

JAKARTA, 28th – 29th March 2018

Research Center for Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Conservation International – Indonesia

Misool Foundation – Indonesia WWF – Indonesia

2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ________________________________________ iii

INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________ iv

GENERAL RULES ____________________________________________ v

PANEL SESSION ____________________________________________ vi

TIME TABLE _______________________________________________ vi

LIST OF SPEAKERS ___________________________________________ xi

ORAL ABSTRACT ____________________________________________ 1

Theme 1. Biology, Population and Ecology _____________________ 1

Theme 2. Social, Economic and Institutional ___________________ 38

Theme 3. Management and Conservation _____________________ 48

POSTER ABSTRACT __________________________________________ 72

iv

INTRODUCTION

Sharks and rays (elasmobranchii) species are known for their relatively low

fecundity, length at maturity on adult phase, and slow growth. High potential of

sharks and rays make them a valuable target for the community, therefore

sustainable management approach to conserve and preserve the species is

recommended. In Indonesia, management of sharks and rays are based on the

National Plan of Action (NPOA). A strong regulation and regular and transparent

evaluation is needed to successfully implement NPOA. Effective management of

sharks and rays need a strong support and commitment from all stakeholders

through sustainable financing system and program. NPOA of sharks and rays was

established in 2010 and within 5 years, Indonesia shows its commitment by

producing regulations such as full protection for Whale Shark (2013) and Manta Rays

(2014). Indonesia continues the commitment and consistency to the second period

(2016-2020) by formulating nine main strategies based on previous NPOA

evaluation and commitment to international management of Sharks and Rays.

Since 2013, the cartilaginous fish group has been a widespread international

issue, especially following the introduction of several species of sharks and manta

rays in Appendix II CITES. This is due to the high exploitation of various sharks and

rays, both as main target and bycatch. Sharks exploitation in Indonesia commonly

happened in potential areas of nursery ground, such as coral reef areas, shallow

waters, or in feeding ground such as estuary areas. This can lead to a rapid decline

in the population of sharks and rays, in the expense of a long time recovery.

Limited scientific data and information is the classic challenge in

implementing maximum effort of protection and conservation program. Moreover,

related research of sharks and rays that hopefully will fill in the data gap remains less

popular in Indonesia. The first Indonesian Sharks and Rays Symposium in 2015

gather recommendation for policy through policy brief, such as; 1) Establishment of

Sharks and Rays Working Group that collect databases of sharks and rays species,

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and facilitate human resource capacity building in the data collection system; 2)

Strengthening sharks and rays products' traceability system, as well as developing

best practice guidance to encourage the development of shark and ray ecotourism;

3) Encouraging the protection of important habitats. In 2018, Indonesian Sharks and

Rays Symposium is back to gather the latest sharks and rays scientific researches

conducted in Indonesia, in respond to the needs of sharks and rays sustainable

management, particularly for species listed as “threatened with extinction” by IUCN,

and species with growing concern at the international level like CITES and RFMO.

GENERAL RULES

1. Participant dress in a modest manner.

2. During symposium, participants are obliged to wear nametag provided by

committee.

3. All participants, attendees, organizers, or venue staff are treated with respect

and consideration, valuing a diversity of views and opinions. Be considerate,

respectful, and collaborative.

4. Respect the rules and policies of the meeting venue, contracted facility, or any

other venue. Be mindful of your surroundings inside and outside of the venue

and of your fellow participants.

5. Prohibited littering and excessive use of plastic during activities (Symposium

events are free of drink bottles and plastic straws, as well as food using

wrapping plastic).

6. Alert organizers if you notice a dangerous situation or someone in distress.

7. Smoking is not permitted in the all venue at any time, except in smoking room

that prepared by organizer.

8. Recording or taking photography of another individual’s presentation is not

allowed without the explicit permission of the organizers.

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9. All participants can view the details of the event in the symposium guide or on

the bulletin board provided by the organizer.

10. Participants are expected to maintain personal luggage, loss or damage is not

the responsibility of the organizer.

11. Please set your phone on silent mode

PANEL SESSION

Every session will lead by moderator, monitored by evaluator, and assisted by note

takers.

1. Speakers already stand by in panel room 15 minutes prior panel session.

2. Communicate openly with respect for others, critiquing ideas rather than

individuals. Avoid directed personal comments toward other attendees,

participants, organizers and venue staff.

3. Please refrain from using the shared internet / Wi-Fi connection for personal

use (i.e. emails, Skype, or other messaging services) during the planned

plenary, presentation. When possible please wait until the coffee break, lunch

or after the daily planned sessions of the workshop.

4. Call/any other activity that will disturb panel session and event not allowed

TIME TABLE

Wednesday, 28th March 2018

Time Note

07.00-08.00 Registration Comitee

08.00-08.05 Welcoming ParticipantsMaster of

Ceremony (MC)

08.05-08.10 Singing Indonesia RayaMaster of

Ceremony (MC)

08.10-08.20 Dr. Toni Ruchimat

Activity

Report of 2nd Indonesia Sharks and Rays Symposium 2018

by Head of Research Center for Fisheries, MMAF)

vii

08.20-08.40 Susi Pudjiastuti

08.40-08.50M. Zulficar

Mochtar, S.T., M.Sc

08.50-08.55 Praying Comitee

08.50-09.00 Quick Facts and Rules of ConductMaster of

Ceremony (MC)

Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 3

Theme 2

Room 4

Theme 3

Defy Pada*

(CI-Indonesia)

Susi

Sumaryanti*

(BTNKJ)

Meidiarti K.*

(CI-Indonesia)

Trijoko*

(UGM)

1. SRS010a 5. SRS503 9. SRS109 12. SRS085

2. SRS148a 6. SRS140a 10. SRS105 13. SRS082

3. SRS144a 7. SRS072 11. SRS102 14. SRS079

4. SRS139a 8. SRS512 Discussion 15. SRS078

Discussion Discussion Discussion

Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 3

Theme 2

Room 4

Theme 3

Andrianus

Sembiring*

(Bionesia)

Djumadi

Parluhutan*

(BPSPL Serang)

Ande Kefi*

(BTNK)

Kris Handoko*

(BPSPL

Makassar)

16. SRS127 20. SRS135a 24. SRS095 28. SRS071

17. SRS126 21. SRS121 25. SRS508 29. SRS068

18. SRS108 22. SRS119 26. SRS520 30. SRS065

19. SRS106 23. SRS029 27. SRS524a 31. SRS017

Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussion

12.00-13.00 ISHOMA

Opening Remarks

by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

Remarks

by Head of AMFRHR, MMAF

09.00-10.00

Keynote Speakers I

Moderator : Ir. Asril Djunaidi M.Sc (Regional Technical

Director, USAID SEA Project)After Keynote

Speakers:

Mobilization to

Panel Room

by: Master of

Ceremony (MC)

Regional Management of Fisheries Organization Resolution

Strategy for Shark and Ray By-catch Mitigation in Indones ia

by: Dr. Toni Ruchimat (Head of Research Center for Fisheries,

MMAF)

Restoring the Balance for Sharks , Important Developments and

Cons iderations

by: Dr. Andy Cornish (WWF and TRAFFIC Sharks and Rays Initiative)

10.00-11.00

Panel Session 1

*Panel Moderator

11.00-12.00

Panel Session 2

*Panel Moderator

viii

Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 3

Theme 2

Room 4

Theme 3

Eko Setyabudi*

(UGM)

Anton

Wijanarno*

(WWF)

Dwi Ariyoga*

(WWF)

Aristi Dian*

(UNDIP)

32. SRS002a 36. SRS004a 40. SRS094 43. SRS092

33. SRS096 37. SRS104 41. SRS077 44. SRS027

34. SRS081 38. SRS093 42. SRS046 45. SRS020

35. SRS065a 39. SRS008 Discussion 46. SRS064


Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 3

Theme 2

Room 4

Theme 3

Fitrian Dwi

Cahyo*

(Loka Serang)

Suadi*

(UGM)

Puji

Prihatiningsih

* (BTNKJ)

Abraham

Sianipar*

(CI-Indonesia)

47. SRS062 51. SRS088 55. SRS037 59. SRS502

48. SRS060 52. SRS100 56. SRS042 60. SRS522a

49. SRS058 53. SRS137a 57. SRS142a 61. SRS518

50. SRS056 54. SRS 515 58. SRS097 62. SRS505

Discussion Discussion Discussion 63. SRS525a

Discussion

16.00 End of Day 1

13.00-14.00

Keynote Speakers II

Moderator : Dr Hawis H Madduppa, S.Pi, M.Si (Department of

Marine Science and Technology Bogor Agricultural University)

Mobilization to

Panel Room

by: Master of

Ceremony (MC)

Indones ia ’s Role to Support Susta inable Shark and Ray

Species Management through National Plan of Action

by: Brahmantya Setyamurti Poewardi S.T (Directorate General of

Marine Spatial Management, MMAF)

Role of Shark and Ray on Marine Protected Area: Lesson

Learned in Birds Head Seascape

by: Dr. Mark Erdmann (Vice President, Marine, Asia-Pasific,

Conservation International)

14.00-15.00

Panel Session 3

*Panel Moderator

15.00-16.00

Panel Session 4

*Panel Moderator

ix

Thursday, 29th

march 2018

Time Note

07.00-08.00 Registration Comitee

08.00-09.00 Poster EvaluationComitee,

Participants

Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 4

Theme 3

Defy Pada*

(CI-Indonesia)

Efin Muttaqin*

(WCS)

Sarah Lewis*

(Misool)

64. SRS054 68. SRS076 72. SRS507

65. SRS051 69. SRS066 73. SRS501

66. SRS050 70. SRS063 74. SRS511

67. SRS048 71. SRS055 75. SRS510

Discussion Discussion 76. SRS006

Discussion

Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 4

Theme 3

Anton

Wijonarno*

(WWF-ID)

M. Yasir*

(BPSPL

Makassar)

Estradivari*

(WWF-ID)

77. SRS039 81. SRS047 85. SRS141a

78. SRS032 82. SRS038 86. SRS133

79. SRS012 83. SRS035 87. SRS122

80. SRS011 84. SRS513 88. SRS118


12.00-13.00 ISHOMA

Activity

09.00-10.00

Keynote Speakers III

Moderator : Dr. Imam Musthofa (Sunda Banda Seascape

Leader WWF Indonesia)

Mobilization to

Panel Room

by: Master of

Ceremony (MC)

The Extinction Risk Status of Sharks and Rays Global ly and in

Indones ia

by: Dr. Peter Kyne (Red List Authority Coordinator, International

Union for Conservation of Nature)

Socio-Economic Aspects on Sharks and Rays Uti l i zation in

Indones ia

by : Dr. Luky Adrianto (Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University)

10.00-11.00

Panel Session 5

*Panel Moderator

11.00-12.00

Panel Session 6

*Panel Moderator

x

Room 1

Theme 1

Room 2

Theme 1

Room 4

Theme 3

M. Zamrud*

(KKP)

Ricardo F.

Tapilatu*

(Universitas

Papua)

Rian Juanda*

(Universitas

Syiah Kuala)

89. SRS003a 93. SRS080 97. SRS116

90. SRS049 94. SRS001 98. SRS099

91. SRS009 95. SRS113 99. SRS045

92. SRS014 96. SRS083 100. SRS504


15.00-16.00 Evaluation and Announcement of The Best Speakers

16.00-17.00 END OF SRS 2018

14.00-15.00

Panel Session 7

*Panel Moderator

13.00-14.00

Keynote Speakers IV

Moderator : Ir. Asril Djunaidi M.Sc (Regional Technical

Director, USAID SEA Project)Mobilization to

Panel Room

by: Master of

Ceremony (MC)

Urgency Of Threatened Shark And Ray Species Assessment And

Research In Indones ia

by: Prof. Dr. Suharsono (Indonesian Scientific Authority for Marine

Species, Indonesian Institute of Sciences)

How a Healthy Shark and Ray Population Can Support Tourism

and The Local Communities

by: Hery Yusamandra (Misool Foundation)

xi

LIST OF SPEAKERS

The 2nd Indonesia Sharks and Rays Symposium

Regist rat ion

Num berNam e I nst it u t ion

SRS/PMKL/2018/118 Abraham Sianipar CI Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/065a Achmad Fahruddin Syah

Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas

Pertanian, Universitas Trunojoyo

Madura

SRS/PMKL/2018/518 Adam PayneWorld Wide Fund for Nature, WWF-

Malaysia

SRS/PMKL/2018/009 Adiguna Rahmat Nugraha

Loka Perekayasaan Teknologi Kelautan,

Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia

Kelautan dan Perikanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/126 Adrian Damora WWF-Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/011 Agus Arifin SentosaBalai Riset Pemulihan Sumber Daya

Ikan

SRS/PMKL/2018/141a Agus Cahyadi

Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan

Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan

Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/502 Ahmad bin Ali SEAFDEC/MFRDMD

SRS/PMKL/2018/501 Ahmad bin ShuibInstitute Of Agricultural And Food

Policy Studies

SRS/PMKL/2018/132 Akhmad Tri Prasetyo Universitas Sriwijaya

SRS/PMKL/2018/031 Alosius Numberi Universitas Papua

SRS/PMKL/2018/035 Amak PriyatnaBalai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut Pontianak

SRS/PMKL/2018/056 Ande Kefi Balai Taman Nasional Komodo

SRS/PMKL/2018/096

SRS/PMKL/2018/108

SRS/PMKL/2018/503

SRS/PMKL/2018/504

Andhika Prima Prasetyo



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/117 Andi Annisar Dzati Iffah Universitas Hasanuddin

SRS/PMKL/2018/049Andina Ramadhani Putri

Pane

Balai Riset Perikanan Laut,

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/511 Andrew Harvey MantaWatch

SRS/PMKL/2018/048 Andrianus Sembring Yayasan Biodiversitas Indonesia

(BIONESIA)

SRS/PMKL/2018/025 Aprizal JunaidiBalai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut (BPSPL) Pontianak

xii

SRS/PMKL/2018/514 Aristi Dian Purnama Fitri Diponegoro University

SRS/PMKL/2018/525a Arnaud Brival Raja Ampat SEA Centre

SRS/PMKL/2018/523a Aryanto Sudjarwo Yayasan Dian Mandala, Yogyakarta –

Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/142a Asril DjunaidiUniversitas Hassanuddin, Makassar,

Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/505Aswani Farhana binti Mohd

Noh

Institute of Agricultural and Food

Policies Studies

SRS/PMKL/2018/115 Ayu Laila Fitriyani Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/140a Bagus Dwi Hari SetyonoProgram Studi Budidaya Perairan,

Universitas Mataram

SRS/PMKL/2018/060 Baihaqi Balai Riset Perikanan laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/105 Bayu Vita Indah YantiBalai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi


SRS/PMKL/2018/051 Benaya Meitasari Simeon Wildlife Conservation Society

SRS/PMKL/2018/006 Betty J.L. Laglbauer

The University of Queensland,

Australia/ University of the Azores,

Portugal

SRS/PMKL/2018/515 Chuldyah Jengkarili Harsindhi Pascasarjana Intitut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/067a Desi Arsita Yani UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

SRS/PMKL/2018/082

SRS/PMKL/2018/083Dhiyassalam Imam Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/032

SRS/PMKL/2018/002a

SRS/PMKL/2018/010a

Dian Novianto

Marine Research Center, Agency for

Marine Affairs & Fisheries Research &

Human Resources, Jakarta -

SRS/PMKL/2018/069 Diana Hernawati Universitas Siliwangi

SRS/PMKL/2018/068 Diena Ardania Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/131 Diki Muhamad Chaidir Universitas Siliwangi

SRS/PMKL/2018/087 Dimas Galang Fergiawan Universitas Brawijaya

SRS/PMKL/2018/067 Dirga Daniel WWF Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/084 Djumadi Parluhutan LOKA PSPL Serang, Kementerian

Kelautan Dan Perikanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/100 Dwi Ariyogagautama WWF Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/055 Edy SuhermanDinas Ketahanan Pangan dan

Perikanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/099 Efin MuttaqinWildlife Conservation Society -

Indonesia Program

xiii

SRS/PMKL/2018/104 Eko Setyobudi Departemen Perikanan UGM

SRS/PMKL/2018/507 Elitza Germanov Murdoch University

SRS/PMKL/2018/066 Enjang Hernandi HidayatBalai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesiisr

dan Laut Pontianak, Ditjen PRL, KKP

SRS/PMKL/2018/078 Erma Normasari Misool Foundation

SRS/PMKL/2018/113 Euis Zulfiaty Brawijaya University

SRS/PMKL/2018/029 Fakhrizal Setiawan Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/085 Fitrian Dwi CahyoLoka Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut Serang

SRS/PMKL/2018/109 Galen Rahardian Universitas Jember

SRS/PMKL/2018/015 Grace Easteria Universitas Gadjah Mada

SRS/PMKL/2018/097 Hakim Miftakhul HudaBalai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi


SRS/PMKL/2018/127 Hawis Madduppa Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/050 Helman Nur yusuf Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/107 Helmi Caesar Universitas Syiah Kuala

SRS/PMKL/2018/095

SRS/PMKL/2018/079Herawati Haruna

Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut - Makassar

SRS/PMKL/2018/027

SRS/PMKL/2018/024Hetty Priyanti Efendi BPSPL Pontianak - SATKER Balikpapan

SRS/PMKL/2018/144a Ignatius Tri Hargiyatno



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/508 Illisriyani Ismail Institute of Agricultural & Food Policy

Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

SRS/PMKL/2018/020 Intan Neno KasmitaUniversitas Muhammadiyah

Yogyakarta

SRS/PMKL/2018/137a

SRS/PMKL/2018/001Irwan Jatmiko

Loka Riset Perikanan Tuna, Denpasar,

Bali

SRS/PMKL/2018/072 Jessica Wiludjaja Lembaga Eijkman

SRS/PMKL/2018/058 Karsono Wagiyo Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/124 Kevina Rizkikamila Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/047 Kris HandokoBalai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut Makassar

SRS/PMKL/2018/057 Kusnanto WWF Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/088 Mahardika Rizqi Himawan WWF-Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/014 Maulita Sari Hani WWF Indonesia

xiv

SRS/PMKL/2018/116 Meidiarti Kasmidi Conservation International Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/074 Merci Fourte Yusuf Universitas Pertamina

SRS/PMKL/2018/122Mochammad Agung Seno

Pambudi

Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas

Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan,

Universitas Padjajaran

SRS/PMKL/2018/090 Moh YasirBalai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut Makassar, Wilker Manado

SRS/PMKL/2018/148a Moh. Natsir



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/077 Mohammad Zamrud

Balai Besar Karantina Ikan,

Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan

Hasil Perikanan Makassar

SRS/PMKL/2018/129 Muhamad Farid Burhanudin Universitas Telkom

SRS/PMKL/2018/053 Muhammad Ghozaly Salim Misool Foundation

SRS/PMKL/2018/052 Muhammad Ichsan Wildlife Conservation Society

SRS/PMKL/2018/102 Muhammad Iqbal Rachan Universitas Islam Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/008

SRS/PMKL/2018/003a

SRS/PMKL/2018/004a

Mochamad Iqbal Herwata

PutraMisool Foundation

SRS/PMKL/2018/017 Muhammad Ishlah AlfasyahSekolah Tinggi Meteorologi Klimatologi

dan Geofisika (STMKG)

SRS/PMKL/2018/007 Nanda Satria Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/119 Nara Wisesa WWF-Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/130 Nike Ika Nuzula Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

SRS/PMKL/2018/071 Nur 'Azizah Charir Alumni Universitas Brawijaya

SRS/PMKL/2018/042 NurlailiBalai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi


SRS/PMKL/2018/106 Nurlita Putri Anggraini Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/016 Nurmila Anwar Satker DKI LPSPL Serang

SRS/PMKL/2018/021 Nurulludin



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/081Oktavianto Prastyo

DarmonoWWF-Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/520

SRS/PMKL/2018/519

Mochamad Rudyansyah

Ismail Universitas Padjadjaran

xv

SRS/PMKL/2018/128 Omega Raya SimarangkirSekolah Tinggi Pertanian (STIPER) Kutai

Timur

SRS/PMKL/2018/121 Prihatiningsih Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/136a Priyo Suharsono Sulaiman



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/111 Rahmadi Pratama Aritonang Universitas Airlangga

SRS/PMKL/2018/112 Raissha Amanda Siregar Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/092 Ranny R. Yuneni WWF Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/023 Ratih Tribuana Dhewi BPSPL Pontianak - SATKER Balikpapan

SRS/PMKL/2018/076 Ria Faizah



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/093 Rian Juanda Jurusan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya

Perikanan / Universitas Syiah Kuala

SRS/PMKL/2018/513 Ricardo F. Tapilatu University of Papua

SRS/PMKL/2018/028

SRS/PMKL/2018/026Ricky Mursida

Satker Balikpapan-Balai Pengelolaan

Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut

Pontianak

SRS/PMKL/2018/030 Rizky Karo KaroFakultas Hukum, Universitas Pelita

Harapan

SRS/PMKL/2018/037 Rizky MuhartonoBalai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi

Kelautan Perikanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/510 Robert Perryman Marine Megafauna Foundation

SRS/PMKL/2018/062 Rodo LasnirohaBalai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut Denpasar

SRS/PMKL/2018/524a Sadikin Amir Universitas Mataram

SRS/PMKL/2018/022 Sampari Saneraro SuruanInstitut Pertanian Bogor / Universitas

Papua

SRS/PMKL/2018/522a Sarah Lewis Misool Foundation

SRS/PMKL/2018/019 Septi Setia Utama Universitas Bangka Belitung

SRS/PMKL/2018/063 Siti Mardlijah Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/039 Siti Yasmina Enita Universitas Diponegoro

SRS/PMKL/2018/064 Sri Pratiwi Saraswati DewiBPSPL Denpasar Wilker NTT, Ditjen

PRL, KKP

SRS/PMKL/2018/091 SuadiDepartemen Perikanan Universitas

Gadjah Mada

xvi

SRS/PMKL/2018/046 Susi Sumaryati

Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa /

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan

Kehutanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/080 Sutanto Hadi Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/139a Teja A. Wibawa Balai Riset dan Observasi Laut Perancak

SRS/PMKL/2018/012 Tirtadanu Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/054 Toufan Phardana Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/018a Trijoko Fakultas Biologi UGM

SRS/PMKL/2018/064a Ulfaricha Cahya Happyalita UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

SRS/PMKL/2018/038 Umi Chodrijah Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

SRS/PMKL/2018/094 Usup Setiawan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/512 Vidlia Putri Rosady MantaWatch

SRS/PMKL/2018/135a

SRS/PMKL/2018/134aWijopriono



Perikanan RI

SRS/PMKL/2018/133 Willy Angraini Institut Pertanian Bogor

SRS/PMKL/2018/065 Yuniarti Karina Pumpun

Balai Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut

Denpasar, Kementerian Kelautan dan

Perikanan

SRS/PMKL/2018/045 Zahri NasutionBalai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi


SRS/PMKL/2018/070 Zarlin RikolaLoka Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Laut Sorong

xvii

COVER

Sub-Theme 1

Biology, Population and Ecology

Speakers under this theme will present about biology, distribution, population,

ecology, habitat connection, genetics, catches, and bycatch mitigation. The

submitted abstract topic may also indicate stock and population estimation of

shark and ray in Indonesia from areas where sharks are found and distributed in

certain ecosystems and offshore. Population estimation of some types of

MODERATOR

xxviii

1

SRS/PMKL/2018/010a

SOME FISHING AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BLUE SHARK (Prionaceglauca Linnaeus, 1758) CAUGHT FROM TUNA LONGLINE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

Dian Novianto*, Prawira A.R.P Tampubolon, Budi Nugraha

*Pusat Riset Kelautan *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The Blue shark (Prionaceglauca) length composition from the Indonesian Pelagic Longline fishery is presented for 2005 – 2014 period. The total individual was 1,801 fish and the sample length composition was estimated from 1,095 fish (60 - 312 cm FL) caught and reported in the Observer data forms recorded by scientific observers aboard longline fleet since 2005. The results show relatively uniform length distributions, but for the most part of the time series catches were represented by fish > 147 cmFL. Monthly catch at size did not show strong variations where most of them were 190 cmFL (14.6 %) and 200 cmFL (14.7 %). Sex ratio indicated that 61.9 % were Males. The blue shark was caught year-round by Indonesian longline vessels, nominal CPUE (numbers ofBSH/100 hooks) indicated that catches occur in higher latitudinal during the Southeast monsoon (April – September) than Northwest monsoon (October – March). Keyword: Blue Shark, longline fishery, Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/148a

ESTIMASI PERUBAHAN TEKANAN PENANGKAPAN HIU MELALUI PERHITUNGAN EFISIEN TEKNIS DATA PANEL TAHUNAN

Moh. Natsir*, Ignatius Tri Hargiyatno, Sisca

*Pusat Riset Kelautan *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Penangkapan ikan hiu telah berlangsung bertahun tahun di daerah Tanjung Luar. Armada penangkapan artisanal yang banyak beroperasi di wilayah tersebut adalah pancing hiu. Kajian mengenai biologi, fluktuasi hasil tangkapan dan komposisi sumberdaya ikan hiu sudah banyak dilakukan di perairan tersebut. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat perhitungan efisiensi teknis dari armada pancing hiu di PPP Tanjug Luar. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2014-2017, data yang dikumpulkan oleh petugas pendataan pendaratan berupa data tangkapan, dimensi kapal, jumlah abk, lama melalut, jenis alat tangkap, umur nahkoda, jumlah hari melaut dan lokasi penangkapan. Studi mengenai perubahan tekanan penangkapan melalui perhitungan efisien teknis penangkapan ini diharapkan memberikan gambaran tentang perubahan tekanan penangkapan yang terjadi pada Perikanan hiu di tanjung luar, sehingga dapat dirumuskan pengelolaan yang lebih tepat dengan memperhitungkan aspek efisien teknis di dalamnya.

Keyword: Perikanan Hiu, Indonesia

Panel Session 1 – Theme 1 – Room 1

mailto:[email protected]


2

SRS/PMKL/2018/144a

ESTIMASI JEJAK KARBON PADA USAHA PENANGKAPAN HIU DI SAMUDERA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA

Ignatius Tri Hargiyatno*, Suryanto, Sandi Wibowo *Pusat Riset Kelautan

* [email protected]

ABSTRAK Penangkapan sumberdaya ikan hiu di Indonesia dilakukan sejak tahun 1970-an dengan menggunakan

pancing rawai tuna sebagain by-catch dan pancing hiu sebagai ikan target. Perkembangan kapasitas penangkapan tidak terlepas dari perkembangan motoriasasi perikanan tangkap yang memiki dampak terhadap peningkatan produktivitas penangkapan. Peningkatan pengunaan bahan bakar penggerak mesin yang menghasilkan emisi karbon CO2 menjadi salah satu isu lingkungan selain degradasi sumberdaya hiu. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi jumlah CO2 yang dihaslkan dari kapal pancing hiu yang di daratkan di PPS Cilacap. Data yang dianaisis adalah data SL3 di PPS Cilacap dari tahun 2012-2016. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kapal pancing hiu rata-rata menggunakan bahan bakar atau Fuel Used Intensity (FUI) 11,6 ton BBM/ton hasil tangkapan. Jumlah CO2 dari penangkapan rawai hiu di estimasi berjumlah 2,7 ton CO2e/ton total tangkapan/tahun. Hasil dari perhitungan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan masukan rencana kebijakan penurunan emisi GRK pada sektor pweikanan di Indonesia.

Keyword: Jejak karbon, perikanan hiu, Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/139a

SEBARAN HIU BIRU BERBASIS DATA SPASIAL OSEANOGRAFI

Teja A*. Wibawa, Dian Novianto

*Balai Riset dan Observasi Laut Perancak *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Upaya konservasi hiu biru untuk mengurangi tertangkapnya spesies tersebut sebagai bagian dari tangkapan sampingan (bycatch) memerlukan informasi sebarannya secara spasial dan temporal. Informasi tersebut dapat diperoleh melalui pendekatan pemodelan berbasis data spasial spesies tersebut dan dinamika oseanografinya. Penelitian ini mencoba memodelkan sebaran spasial hiu biru dengan menggunakan data observer dan data spasial oseanografi berupa konsentrasi klorofil-a, suhu permukaan laut, tinggi rendah permukaan laut, dan rata-rata suhu pada kedalaman lapisan fotik. Model statistik generalized additive model (GAM) presence-absence digunakan untuk membangun persamaan sebarannya. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan informasi awal sebaran hiu biru secara spasial dan temporal.

Keyword: Oseanografi, GAM, Indonesia



3

SRS/PMKL/2018/127

GENETIC APPROACH ON FORENSIC AND DELINEATION OF SHARK AND RAYS IN INDONESIA: IMPLICATION MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

Hawis Madduppa*, Sutanto Hadi, Nurlita Putri Anggraini, Djumadi Parluhutan, Budi Raharjo, Nurmila

Anwar, Fitrian Dwi Cahyo, Dani Dasa Permana, Yunita, Effin Muttaqin, Benaya Meitasari Simeon, Muhammad Ichsan, Abraham Sianipar, Toufan Phardana, Beginer Subhan

* Institut Pertanian Bogor * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sharks and rays are one of the important fishery products that are threatened by excessive fishing and by-catch. Protective activities of shark and ray species are the focus of various stakeholders given the status of some species of sharks and rays that are vulnerable to extinction. Some species of sharks and rays are endangered, listed in Appendix II CITES, and are already fully protected in Indonesia. This study aimed to conduct forensic and population delineation of sharks and rays in Indonesia based on molecular approach. Shark and rays samples were collected across Indonesia with various tissue quality conditions (fresh, dry, bone and dry fins). Detection of species using molecular approach based on mtDNA COI marker. The overall forensic genetic results achieved a detection rate of 99-100%. Species detected, including C. falciformis, S. Lewini, A. pelagicus, Carcharhinus sorrah, and C. amblyrhynchoides. Genetic diversity in Aceh is higher than Tanjung Luar. Some important species were detected in high and significant population structure (C. falciformis: FST = 0.733, S. Lewini: FST = 0.356; M. Alfredi: FST = 0.157; P = 0). In Manta alfredi, highest genetic diversity observed in Komodo Island compared to Nusa Penida and Raja Ampat. Therefore, management activities can be carried out in an integrated manner and based on the characteristics of the location. This method can be used for rapid detection of sharks and rays sold in the market, as well as reveal the area of "hotspots" for each type of shark and ray based on its genetic characteristics.

Keyword: Conservation genetics, population genetics, top predator, coral triangle, fishery management area



4

SRS/PMKL/2018/126

POPULATION PARAMETERS AND EXPLOITATION RATE OF SILKY SHARK (Carcharhinus falciformis) IN INDONESIA WATERS

Adrian Damora*, Rudi Masuswo Purwoko, Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni, Dwi Ariyogagautama, Andhika

Prima Prasetyo, Dharmadi * WWF-Indonesia

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT The category of Silky Shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

changed from Near Threatened (NT) in 2016 to Vulnerable (VU) in 2017. It indicates that the population of this species has declined and is suspect to be extinct if no immediate conservation action. Periodical monitoring of population parameters and exploitation rate should be an effort to improve the conservation status of this species. The purpose of this study were to estimate growth and mortality parameters and exploitation status of C. falciformis in Indonesian waters. This study was conducted from May 2014 to December 2016 in four landing sites, such as TPI Karangsong Indramayu, PPI Tegalsari Tegal, PPN Brondong Lamongan, dan Muncar Banyuwangi. Samples of C. falciformis were collected by random sampling, but in special case the sensus method applied. The data were analyzed using the analytical model application with ELEFAN I program and Length-converted Catch Curve on FISAT II application. The results showed that the von Bertalanffy's growth parameters: growth rate (K), asymptotic length (L?), and age at L0 (t0) were 0.13 yr-1, 408.02 cm dan -0.19 yr, respectively. The growth curves were Lt = 408.20[1–e–0.13(t+0.19)]. Mortality parameters, i.e. total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M), and fishing mortality rate (F) were 1.30 yr-1, 0.19 yr-1, and 1.11 yr-1, respectively. Exploitation rate (E) of silky shark was 0.86 yr-1. Improving the quality of data needs to do in order to produce recommendations for better management.

Keyword: Exploitation rate, growth, mortality, silky shark

SRS/PMKL/2018/108

POSSIBLE USE OF A STOCK–PRODUCTION MODEL INCORPORATING COVARIATES FOR STOCK ASSESSMENT OF DEMERSAL RAYS IN INDONESIA

Andhika Prima Prasetyo*, Dharmadi, Rudy Masuswo Purwoko, Umi Chodriyah, Asep Priatna, Aris

Budiarto * Center for Fisheries Research, AMFRHR, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT A Stock-Production Model Incorporating Covariates (ASPIC) was used to conduct the stock

assessment for ray in the Indian Ocean. The stock status became to be pessimistic because of substantial increase in catches in recent years, especially for the catches from Indonesia. The results from most of scenarios indicate the current status of rays in Indian Ocean may be overfishing and overfished (B2016/Bmsy=0.304; F2015/Fmsy=1.45).

Keyword: ASPIC, ray, Indian Ocean, Indonesia


5

SRS/PMKL/2018/106

THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF SHARKS CARCHARHINUS FALCIFORMIS BETWEEN THE POPULATION OF ACEH AND LOMBOK

Nurlita Putri Anggraini*, Ester Restiana Endang Geulis, Raissha Amanda Siregar, Sutanto Hadi, Beginer

Subhan, Effin Muttaqin, Benaya Meitasari Simeon, Muhammad Ichsan, Hawis Madduppa * Institut Pertanian Bogor

* [email protected] ABSTRACT

Carcharhinus falciformis was species shark which entered in CITES II. The conservation activity need to do for control the number of C. falciformis. Molecular genetics is one of method that used for conservation. This research aim to identification of species, to know the genetic diveristy, and population structure of shark C. falciformis. In Aceh and Lombok. The DNA target was used mtDNA with locus COI. The result of research, between Aceh and Lombok was had the high genetic diversity, while the Aceh (HD=0,833) Population is higher than Lombok (HD= 0,6076). The population structure is high and significant between population (FST = 0,733, P = 0,000). The higher of genetic diversity was indicated the population still good. But, the differences of structure population needs to management strategic. So, management of C. falciformis can do together based on the characteristic location for shark population.

Keyword: COI, conservation, population


6

SRS/PMKL/2018/002a

SEBARAN UKURAN, NISBAH KELAMIN DAN ASPEK PENANGKAPAN IKAN HIU DAN PARI YANG TERTANGKAP

RAWAI HIU DI PERAIRAN SELATAN JAWA

Dian Novianto*, Dharmadi Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan RI

[email protected]

ABSTRACT Penelitian aspek perikanan hiu di perairan selatan Jawa telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2015

hingga bulan Mei 2016. Metode penelitian menggunakan tenaga enumerator untuk melakukan

pendataan hasil tangkapan hiu dan pari secara harian. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui laju tangkap,

sebaran ukuran, dan nisbah kelamin hiu dan pari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tercatat 42 trip

penangkapan oleh armada pancing rawai hiu, dengan total operasi penangkapan sebanyak 620 hari,

(rata-rata 17 hari/trip) dimana jumlah total mata pancing yang digunakan 582,316 buah (rata-rata 940

pancing/setting) dengan total hasil tangkapan hiu sebanyak 112,358 kg dan 350 kg untuk pari (laju

pancing 404 kg/trip) yang terdiri dari 13 jenis hiu dan satu jenis pari lampengan (Mobula japanica). Total

hasil tangkapan didominasi oleh jenis Alopias pelagicus (38.62%), Alopias superciliosus (18.89%) dan

Carcharhinus plumbeus (9.21%). Adapun ukuran hiu terkecil tercatat pada jenis Carcharhinus falciformis

(95 cmTL) dan terbesar pada jenis Alopias superciliosus (438 cmTL). Berdasarkan sebaran ukuran

menunjukan bahwa hiu yang tertangkap didominasi ukuran hiu yang telahdewasa. Perbandingan nisbah

kelamin jantan betina didominasi oleh hiu berkelamin betina dengan perbandingan 38% : 62%. Ini

menunjukkan perbandingan jenis kelamin yang kurang seimbang dan akan berpengaruh terhadap proses

rekruitmen populasi hiu di alam.

Keyword: Sebaran ukuran, kelamin, aspek penangkapan, hiu pari, Perairan Selatan Jawa



7

SRS/PMKL/2018/096

A SPR@LENGTH APPROACH FOR STOCK ASSESSMENT OF THRESHER SHARKS (Alopias pelagicus and alopias superciliosus) IN INDONESIA

Andhika Prima Prasetyo*, Dharmadi, Andreas Steward Samu-Samu, Rudy Masuswo Purwoko, Dwi

Ariyoga Gautama, Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni, Benaya Simeon, Efin Mutaqin, Adrian Hordyk * Center for Fisheries Research, AMFRHR, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Conservation measure on thresher sharks in Indonesia has been issued through Ministerial Decree

no. 57 in 2014 concerning Capture Fisheries Business in Fisheries Management Area of Republic of Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of this regulation is questionable. In fact, the lack of catch and effort data from Indonesian fishery, in general, is still an international concern especially for shark and ray. A method to assess the stock status for data poor fisheries namely Length-based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) was developed. This study aims to investigate a possible use of the LB-SPR to estimate spawning potential ratios of thresher sharks using length data from the port-based sampling program (Center for Fisheries Research, WWF Indonesia and WCS Indonesia). Generally, there is a rebuilding trend in the estimated SPR from 2014-2016, indicating that conservation measure has an impact to population. If the SPR40% is adopted as limit SPR, then the estimated values of SPR less than SPR40% suggested that recruitment overfishing might be occurring to pelagic and bigeye thresher sharks (in 2016; 21% and 26% respectively). In fact, the results should be considered as preliminary results, as the size data of thresher shark from port-based sampling program may unrepresentative to population of thresher sharks. Further work is required to gather complete representative of length data of thresher sharks covering all length classes of the fishery.

Keyword: Length-based spawning potential ratio, data-poor fisheries, thresher sharks, regulatory, evaluation Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/081

KOMPOSISI BY-CATCH HIU DAN PARI HASIL TANGKAPAN TRAMMEL NET DI PERAIRAN SORONG SELATAN

Oktavianto Prastyo Darmono*, Inayah, Vava Faturahman, Ismail Marzuki * WWF-Indonesia

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Trammel net merupakan alat tangkap dominan yang digunakan nelayan di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten

Sorong Selatan. Trammel net merupakan alat tangkap aktif, selektif, dan efektif untuk menangkap berbagai jenis ikan, udang dan kepiting. Berbagai jenis hiu dan pari yang bukan menjadi target utama tangkapan dapat tertangkap oleh trammel net. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi komposisi jenis hiu dan pari yang tertangkap oleh trammel net. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencatatan langsung hasil tangkapan dari kapal di fish landing point selama periode Desember 2017-Januari 2018. Jumlah individu hiu 214 ekor dan pari 189 ekor, dimana terdapat 4 jenis spesies hiu dan 7 jenis spesies pari yang tertangkap oleh tramme net. Jenis hiu yang tertangkap adalah Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, C. dussumieri, C. limbatus, dan C. leucas. Jenis pari yang tertangkap adalah Dasyatis kuhlii, Himantura fava, H. jenkinsii, H. toshi Rhinoptera javanica, Rhinoptera sp. 1, dan Rhinobatos typus. Jenis hiu dan pari yamg dominan tertangkap adalah Carcharhinus dussumieri (56.07%) dan Rhinobatos typus (16.93%).

Keyword: Bycatch, hiu, pari, trammel net, sorong



8

SRS/PMKL/2018/065a

PEMODELAN DAERAH POTENSIAL KEMUNCULAN HIU PAUS (Rhincodon typus) MENGGUNAKAN DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH DI PERAIRAN PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMUR

Achmad Fahruddin Syah*, Musrifah, Hendrik Cahyono

* Program Studi Kelautan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Perairan Probolinggo merupakan salah satu lokasi agregasi musiman hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) di Indonesia sejak beberapa tahun terakhir. Hiu paus di Perairan Probolinggo banyak dijumpai pada bulan Desember sampai Maret, meskipun bisa terlihat sepanjang tahun di sekitar Pantai Utara Pulau Jawa. Hiu paus telah dimasukkan sebagai salah satu spesies yang mendapatkan perlindungan penuh oleh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model pendugaan daerah kemunculan hiu paus di Perairan Pantai Probolinggo. Data kemunculan hiu paus bulan Januari sampai Maret 2016 diperoleh dari Lembaga Whale Shark Indonesia. Parameter oseanografi yang digunakan yaitu suhu permukaan laut (SPL), konsentrasi klorfil-a (chl-a) dan kedalaman, diperoleh dari data penginderaan jauh. Maximum entropy model digunakan untuk memprediksi habitat yang sesuai terhadap distribusi hiu paus dengan didasarkan pada parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan hiu paus di Perairan Probolinggo. Nilai area under curve (AUC) sebesar 0,997 menunjukkan bahwa model dapat memprediksi kesesuaian habitat hiu paus dengan sangat baik. Dari ketiga parameter yang diuji, kedalaman (71%) menunjukkan sebagai parameter yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan hiu paus di Perairan Probolinggo, disusul oleh chl-a (15.7%). Hasil juga menunjukkan hiu paus banyak ditemukan pada kedalaman 10 – 15 meter dan chl-a 0.5-0.7 mg/m3. Distribusi hiu paus yang diperoleh memberi peluang untuk mengidentifikasi spesisfik area dengan tingkat akurasi kehadiran yang tinggi di sepanjang Pantai Probolinggo; pengenalan spesifik area ini bisa dijadikan starting points untuk membangun managemen praktis yang efektif untuk menigkatkan perlindungan hiu paus.

Keyword: Pemodelan habitat, MaxEnt, pengindraan jauh, hiu paus, Jawa Timur


9

SRS/PMKL/2018/062

CATCH AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHARKS (APPENDIX II CITES) BY LONGLINE FISHERMEN IN SOUTH WATER OF TIMOR

Rodo Lasniroha*, Yuniarti K. Pumpun, Sri Pratiwi S. Dewi

* Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Denpasar * [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sharks was main target for longline fishermen in Namosain Beach, Kupang. This study objectives were

to presents distribution and current catches condition of sharks that included in Appendix II CITES by longline fishermen operated in South Water of Timor Island based at Namosain Beach. Research was conducted by analyzing data obtained from catch result report by longline fishermen based at Namosain Beach, Kupang during 2016. The result showed that there were 2 type of sharks included in Appendix II CITES that been catched by longline fishermen based at Namosain Beach, which is hammerhead shark (Sphyrna spp.) and silky shark (C. falciformis). During 2016, longline fishermen in Kupang had been catches 6266 sharks. Sharks that included in Appendix II CITES represents 22.8 % from total shark catch in number, consist of hammerhead shark that represent 16,6% and silky shark that represent 6.2%. Total longline vessel unit operated in South Water of Timor Island based at Namosain Beach during 2016 were 27 unit, while the total trip been conducted were 90 trip, with 669 daytrip. Catch average per trip was 69.6 sharks/trip, meanwhile hammerhead shark (Sphyrna spp.) independently has catch average per trip 11.6 sharks/trip and silky shark (C. falciformis) 4.3 sharks/trip. Fishing ground for longline fishermen at Kupang was located in South Water of Timor Island, with geographical location between S 100-120 and E 1240-1280. Sharks that included in Appendix II CITES apparently was contributed significantly to the total catch of longline fishermen in Namosain Beach, Kupang.

Keyword: Shark, CITES, timor

SRS/PMKL/2018/060

EFFORTS AND FISHING SEASON SHARKS AND RAYS IN THE JAVA SEA (CASE STUDY IN PPN)

Baihaqi*, Hufiadi, Mahiswara * Balai Riset Perikanan Laut


Danish seine and bottom-line are the main fishing gear of shark and ray in PPN Brondong, East Java. Generally the shark and rays catch is the by-catch of the fishing gear. However, the increasing demand for products from both types of fish makes the population of sharks and rays continue to decline. Information on fishing effort and seasons is one source of sustainable fisheries management. The study was conducted in January - December 2012. The type of data used is the monthly production per fish type per fishing gear and the number of monthly trips of each type of fishing gear. Analysis of utilization effort in the form of catch per unit effort (CPUE) while fishing season pattern is average percentage method. The results showed that the average monthly production of sharks was 17.4 tons / month and the highest occurred in March of 27.4 tons, while in the average monthly production sting of 437.6 tons / month and the highest production occurred in April 539.5 tons. The average shark utilization was 0.21 ton / trip, while the rays were 63.8 kg / trip on cantrang and 192.4 kg / trip on bottom-line. The shark catching season occurs in March - August and October, with the peak of the season taking place in March. While on the season arrest season occurs on almost every month except January, with peak season occurs in March and April.

Keyword: Danish seine, bottom-line, PPN Brondong, fishing season




10

SRS/PMKL/2018/058

SPECIES COMPOSITION, MORPHOLOGY CHARACTER, CATCH RATE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHARKS CAUGHT BY TRAWL IN SOUTH CHINA SEA

Karsono Wagiyo*, Helman Nur Yusuf, Enjah Rahmat

* Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Denpasar * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sharks are an important economic resource and key fish species in maintaining the equilibrium of marine ecosystems. The shark is one of the endangered biota in the South China Sea, due to high capture pressure by using various gear. The conservation of shark resources is plagued with minimal information on resource status and biocenology. In order to support the management of shark resources in this study aims to obtain and discuss information on the species composition, morphological characters, catch rate and distribution of shark species in the South China Sea. The study was conducted exploratory using with trawling operational catching in November 2017. The results of research in the South China Sea found there are seven types of sharks caught with trawlers; Atelomysterus marmoratus (5.56%), Carcharhinus dussumieri (2.78%), Chiloscyllium indicum (66.67%), Chiloscyllium punctatum (11.11%), Chaenogaleus macrostoma (5.56%), Paragaleus tengi (5, 56%) and Stegostoma fasciatum (2.78%). Total length of caught shark has a range of 24.5-136 cm, the smallest sharks is Chiloscyllium punctatum and the largest sharks is Stegostoma fasciatum. The dominant shark is Chiloscyllium indicum has morphology character are; growth type is positive allometric, the length first captured (Lc) 49,06 cmTL, sex ratio female: male (1: 1,3) and gonad condition of male have 100% mature. Capture rate 3.2 tail / hr = 3.4 kg/hr and density 78.9 kg/km2. The shark that has the widest distribution in the South China Sea is Chiloscyllium punctatum with a value of distribution consistency are 14.29%.

Keyword: Shark, species composition, morphology character, catch rate, distribution, South Cina Sea


11

SRS/PMKL/2018/056

BIOMASS AND ABUNDANCE ESTIMATION OF SHARKS AND MANTA RAYS SPECIES IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK

Ande Kefi*, Yunias Jackson Benu, Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni, Kustanto, Edy Suherman

* Balai Taman Nasional Komodo * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Komodo National Park is the most extraordinary of natural area preservation among 50 national parks and other conservation area in Indonesia. Komodo National Park (KNP) is conservation area that is managed by zones system and it has functions as protection, preserving and utilization. Komodo NP has highly tourist attraction induce fluctuate visits that increase around 11.7%, then it needs maximal and sustainable management. Beside land ecosystem, Komodo NP has the most beautiful ocean ecosystem in the world including sea floor topography and small islands composition make Komodo NP water be healthy and has more than 1.000 fishes species. Based on previous research, about 51% visitors prefer to diving with shark and manta ray that make them to stay longer in Komodo NP. Routine monitoring was conducted in 11 dive sites between December 2016 to January 2018. The highest biomass of shark and ray was in Mawan around 7.172,84 kg/ha and the lowest was in Crystal Rock 100,91 kg/ha. In other hand, the highest abundance of the shark and manta ray was in Castle Rock as much as 13.41 ind/ha and the lowest abundance was 0.99 ind/ha. Besides that, benthic cover was also calculated by the team as one of shark appearance for hiding place and cleaning station for manta ray. The highest number of hard coral that found in Batu Bolong (76.56%) and the lowest was in Karang Makassar (9.26%). The result will be useful as basic information for shark and manta ray management in Komodo National Park.

Keyword: Komodo National Park, shark, manta ray, biomass, abundance


12

SRS/PMKL/2018/054

GENETIC POPULATION OF Manta alfredi (KREFFT, 1868) BETWEEN RAJA AMPAT, KOMODO ISLAND, AND NUSA PENIDA

Toufan Phardana*, Abraham Sianipar, Beginer Subhan, Yuli Naulita, Mark Edmann, Hawis Maduppa


ABSTRACT Manta alfredi, which is one of species in Mobulidae family, is in Raja Ampat, Komodo Island, and

Nusa Penida. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) put it in the category of Vulnerable, so the conservation is needed. Information about the genetic connectivity can be a key conservation because it plays an important role in maintaining and improving population from extinction. This research aims to analyze the genetic diversity and connectivity M. alfredi between Raja Ampat, Komodo Island and Nusa Penida. Sample M. alfredi (n = 72) were collected from the Raja Ampat (n = 24) Pulau Komodo (n = 21) and Nusa Penida (n = 27) in April 2015 until July 2016. Molecular analysis carried out in the laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Biosystematics, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agriculture University. Molecular analysis carried out of a total of 665-bp fragment lengths through the COI gene of MtDNA markers. The results of the phylogenetic showed 4 groups of M. Alfredi out of 7 haplotype in total. Komodo island populations scattered on 7 haplotype and Nusa Penida are scattered on the H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H7 while the population of Raja Ampat is only found on the H1, H2, and H3. Komodo Island and Nusa Penida populations have higher variation than Raja Ampat population. Keyword: Manta alfredi, coral triangle, genetic, MtDNA

SRS/PMKL/2018/051

SHARKS AND RAYS FISHING UNIT AND CATCHES COMPOSITION IN TANJUNG LUAR COASTAL PORT, WEST NUSA TENGGARA

Benaya Meitasari Simeon*, Efin Muttaqin, Muhammad Ichsan


ABSTRACT Tanjung Luar Coastal Fishing Port is known as one of shark and ray fisheries center in East Lombok.

Meanwhile, sharks and rays are one of the fishery commodities which has being concerned because of it biological characteristics. The aims of this research is to identify sharks and rays fishing gear and analyze sharks and rays composition of from each fishing gear. Data collected by landing monitoring which conducted every day since January 2014 to December 2016. Data were analyzed by Ms. Office and R-Studio, then it explained by descriptive comparative methods. Sharks and rays were caught as target by drift longline and set bottom long line, and it caught as by catch in gillnet. Recorded 20725 sharks and rays were landed in Tanjung Luar since 2014 to 2016, which 3% caught by gillnet, 62% caught by drift longline, and 35% caught by set bottom long line. The differences of fishing gear affected fishing ground, species, and catches size. Drift gillnet was operated more than 12 miles from coastline, set bottom long line was operated in coastal waters until continental shelf. Catches in drift long line were dominated by pelagic and oceanic shark. Catches in set bottom longline dominated coastal and catches have bigger size then catches in drift long line.

Keyword: Fisheries, sharks and rays, catches composition, long line




13

SRS/PMKL/2018/050

DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF FISH IN THE AREA OF FISHERY MANAGEMENT (WPP) 711 NRI

Helman Nur yusuf*, Enjah Rahmat, Karsono Wagiyo

* Balai Riset Perikanan Laut * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Stingrays are included in demersal fish that have important economic value and spread throughout the territorial waters of Indonesia, one of them in FMA 711 NRI. The research was conducted by research vessel Baruna Jaya IV in FMA 711 NRI waters in November 2017. The research method using the swept area method. The research area covers the waters of Karimata Strait, Natuna Sea and South China Sea at the depth of 10 - 90 meters. The results showed that the ray catch rate in West Ketapang was 9.2 kg / hour, East of Lingga Island 11 kg / hour, West Pontianak 8.1 kg / hour, East of Riau Islands 23.8 kg / hour and West Singkawang 9.2 kg / hour. With densities of 201.6 kg / km2, 263 kg / km2, 187.9 kg / km2, 571.5 kg / km2 and 213.3 kg / km2. Stingrays are caught among others: frog rod (Dasyatis kuhli) of 57%, super rays / stars (Himantura gerrardi) 15% (Gymnura poecilura) 13%, regular puka / tuka tuka (Dasyatis zugei) 5%, Rhynchobatus djiddensis 3%, Okamejei boesemani 1%, Chiloscylium punctatum 1%, boesaman 1% and other stingrays by 0.5%. The distribution of stingray spread over the depth stratum, the catch rate and the highest density were obtained at 30-40 meters depth of 32, 9 kg / hr and 785.7 kg / km2. With average catch rate and stingray density of 11.3 kg / hour and 468.6 kg / km2. Keyword: Ray, density, distribution, FMA 711

SRS/PMKL/2018/048

POPULATION AND GENETIC STRUCTURE OF Carcharhinus falciformis (SILKY SHARK) IN INDONESIA USING LOCUS CONTROL REGION MITOCONDRIAL

Andrianus Sembiring*, Aji Wahyu Anggoro, Kadek Dita Cahyani, Putu Dian Pertiwi, Paulo Momigliano,

Ida Ayu Astarini, Gusti Ngurah Mahardika

* Yayasan Biodiversitas Indonesia (BIONESIA) * [email protected]

ABSTRACT Globally, shark population is declining due to over-fishing and destructive and illegal fishing. One of

the shark species that has been caught and traded is Carcharhinus falciformis (Silky shark). This research aims to study genetic structure of C. falciformis in Indonesia, including Aceh, Pelabuhan Ratu, Cilacap, Muncar, Bitung, Ambon, Lombok, north Makasar strait, south Makasar strait, and Timor Sea. Research was conducted by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), control region locus. From 241 total samples, 227 individuals was successfully amplified, and resulted in the fragments of 550 bp long. Analysis indicated that this species exhibits low haplotype (Hd: 0,534) and nucleotide diversity (Pi: 0,00149). Result also showed there is indication of genetic structure on C. falciformis populations in Indonesia (?st = 0.12747; P-value = 0.0000). Genetic comparison of Indonesian and world data of silky shark grouped this species into two different groups, i.e. Indo-Pacific and Atlantic group. These results can be used as a reference to establish a policy for shark conservation and management in Indonesia. Keyword: Genetic population, carcharhinus falciformis, mtDNA, shark conservation



14

SRS/PMKL/2018/039

OCEANOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF WHALE SHARK APPEARANCE AT TELUK CENDERAWASIH NATIONAL PARK, WEST PAPUA

Siti Yasmina Enita*, Evi Nurul Ihsan, Kunarso, Anindya Wirasatriya

* Universitas Diponegoro * [email protected]

ABSTRACT The appearance frequencies of whale sharks in Teluk Cenderawasih National Park (TCNP) is unique

because they appear throughout the year and are not related to any seasons. WWF Indonesia's monitoring results from 2011 until now showed the appearance of whale sharks is closely related to the presence of fisherman lift net and anchovies. This study focuses on oceanographic factors in fishing ground areas such as chlorophyll-a and satellite imagery data including chlorophyll-a, Sea surface Temperature (SST) over the last four years resulting in AQUA MODIS level 2 recording with 1km resolution in 2013-2016. The catch of anchovies and chlorophyll-a values showed a fairly good correlation during the west monsoon, 0.305, in addition the relationship between the anchovies with SST has a good correlation value starting in the transition period 1 towards the east monsoon. Based on these data, oceanographic factor conditions in TCNP provide a good opportunity for anchovies that live in warm waters to grow and reproduce. This also influences the appearance of whale sharks closely related to the presence of the anchovies where a positive correlation value is found between the catch of anchovies and whale sharks during the west monsoon and east monsoon in sequence 0,912 and 0.819. Chlorophyll-a and SST have a significant effect on fish catch of anchovies and the appearance frequencies of whale sharks throughout the year. Keyword: Whale shark, anchovy, chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature, aqua modis

SRS/PMKL/2018/032

PRELIMINARY STANDARDIZED CPUE OF BLUE SHARK IN THE INDONESIAN TUNA LONGLINE FISHERY

Dian Novianto*, Bram Setyadji, Rui Coelho * Marine Research Center, Agency for Marine Affairs & Fisheries Research & Human Resources, Jakarta *

[email protected] ABSTRACT

The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is one of the dominant caught and most important bycatch shark species for Indonesian tuna longline fishery in the Indian Ocean. The number of Indonesian tuna longline fleets in Indian Ocean are 1.282 units. There are two types of tuna longline fleet in Indonesia, based on the product destinations, namely fresh and frozen tuna. This working document analyses the catch, effort, nominal and standardized CPUE trends for blue shark captured by this fishery, for the period between 2005-2014. Nominal annual CPUEs were calculated as number (N)/1000 hook. Standardized CPUEs were estimated with Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) using year, quarter, area, and operational characteristics of the gear. Model goodness-of-fit and model comparison was carried out with the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and the pseudo coefficient of determination (R2) and model validation with a residual analysis. The final estimated indexes of abundance were calculated by least square means (LSMeans). Preliminary results showed the factors that contributed most for the deviance were the area, followed by year, quarter, number of hooks between floats (NHBF), and then the other effects and the interactions. The trends of the standardized CPUEs were relatively similar to the nominal series, but with smoother peaks. In general there were no noticeable trends, with the series varying along the period. Keyword: Blue shark, standardized CPUE, Indonesian tuna longline, Indian Ocean




15

SRS/PMKL/2018/012

COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, STOCK DENSITY AND BIOMASS OF RAYS IN JAVA SEA

Tirtadanu*, Suprapto, Suwarso * Balai Riset Perikanan Laut * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Rays fishing in Java Sea has produced high yields and gave the economical contribution for fisherman in the Java Sea. Information about stock density and biomass were important information for knowing the potential yields in the Java Sea that could be fished for its sustainability. Aims of this research were to study the composition, distribution, stock density and biomass of rays in Java Sea. The research was conducted on October – November 2017 by trawl exploration using Research vessel Bawal Putih 03 in 30 stations of Java Sea. The estimation of stock density was analyzed by swept area method. The dominant rays that were caught in Java Sea were Himantura gerrardi (52.7%), Dasyatis kuhlii (22.2%) and Himantura uarnak (18.9%). The catch rate of rays ranged 0-95 kg/hour and the mean catch rate was 8.4 kg/hour. The highest catch rate based on spatial distribution (95.32 kg/hour) was at the northern waters of Banten and the highest mean catch rate based on the depths (12.5 kg/hour) was in the depth of less than 30 m. The estimation of stock density in Java Sea was 149.6 kg/km2 and the biomass of rays was 69.665 ton.

Keyword: Biomass, Himantura gerrardi, stock density, rays, Java Sea

SRS/PMKL/2018/011

ECOLOGICALLY RELATED SPECIES IN SHARKS FISHING ACTIVITIES OF TANJUNG LUAR ARTISANAL FISHERMEN

Agus Arifin Sentosa*, Arip Rahman, Joni Haryadi

* Balai Riset Pemulihan Sumber Daya Ikan * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The artisanal fishermen based in Tanjung Luar have been sharks as main target species in their fishing, but sometimes others aquatic species have been caught deliberately as baits or unintentionally as by-catch. This study was done to describe ecologically related species (ERS) found in sharks fisheries by Tanjung Luar fishermen. Data were taken based on interviews and enumerator record for sharks catch in Tanjung Luar during January to November 2016. The result indicated that ERS consisted of fish species with lower trophic levels than sharks. About 80.60% of ERS were fishes associated with a demersal marine habitat, and about 69.44 %% ERS demersal were associated with coral reef habitats. While only about 19.40% of ERS were pelagic and commonly caught by surface fishing gear e.g. longlines and drift gillnets Keyword: Ecologically related species, sharks, fishing, Tanjung Luar



16

SRS/PMKL/2018/003a

TROPHIC INTERACTION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISC-WIDTH AND PREY DENSITY ON MOBULIDS RAY IN SAVU SEA

Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra*, Sarah Lewis

* Marine Megafauna Research Group, Misool Foundation – Savu Sea Program, Flores Timur, Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Mobulids ray are large filter-feeders that require high-density prey to meet their energetic requirements. However, the oligotrophic environments are the major challenges for mobulids ray, where the prey availability is highly fluctuated and poorly-distributed. Understanding the foraging strategies (e.g. when, where, and how the trophic interaction happened) is a fundamentally important aspect in studying the ecology of these animals. Using the generalized adaptive model, this study try to examine the ecological interaction between oceanographic and temporal covariates with biological aspect data (i.e. disc-width) of Mobula birostris (n = 70), Mobula japanica (n = 70), and Mobula tarapacana (n = 33) which landed in Lamakera. Our GAM model explains 90.7% the DW variability on Mobula birostris and strongly influenced by chlorophyll-a (55%; >4-8 mg.m-3) which peaking during July-August (DW; 170-660 cm; ±SD= 366.66±258.90 cm). Mobula japanica was explained 55.4% with the strongest predictor from Julian day (27.19%) and peaking during June-August (120-260 cm; 167.33±39.00 cm), followed by chlorophyll-a concentration (17.22%; >3 mg.m-3), and waters temperature (10.98%; >29.5oC). Furthermore, the highest GAM model explains is Mobula tarapacana (94.9%) where the chlorophyll-a concentration is the strongest predictor (57.77%; 1-2 mg. m-3), followed by waters temperature (33.30%; 26-29oC), and not showing significant effects from Julian day. Eventually, the variability of DW on Mobula birostris and Mobula japanica was triggered by seasonal upwelling which provide high-density prey for various body sizes. While, on Mobula tarapacana not showing significant differences along the season, where the variability more influenced by local oceanographic in the region. Keyword: Trophic interaction, upwelling, manta ray, devil ray, generalized adaptive model



17

SRS/PMKL/2018/049

COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY ASPECT OF STINGRAY IN ARAFURA WATERS

Andina Ramadhani Putri Pane*, Asep Priatna * Balai Riset Perikanan Laut, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Arafura is a fertile Indonesian waters because its waters are getting a lot of flow from rivers that carry

nutrients. Abundant resources cause many fishing activities that will lead to changes in resource stocks including stingrays. The research was conducted by using Baruna Jaya IV Research Vessel with swept area motion. The purpose of this research is to know the composition of species and distribution of abundance of fish including pari in Arafura waters. The stingrays in these waters consist of 5 families: Dasyatidae (84.83%), Urolophidae (6.81%), Gymnuridae (5.26%), Rhinobatidae (1.86%) and Myliobatidae (1.24%). This fish is dominantly caught in the waters around Agats and Kota Mappi. Dasyatis annotata female range from 14.0-26.0 cmWD and male ranged between 15.0-23.5 cmWD, Himantura jenkinsii ranged between 20.0-58.0 cmWD (female) and 22.0-26,0 cmWD (male). Distribution size of Himantura undulata female ranged between 88.0-122.0 cmWD and males ranging 88.0-109.0 cmWD while the Taeniura lymma fish was between 17.5-82.0 cmWD (female) and between 15.0-25, 0 cmWD (male). The distribution of female Gymnura australis ranges from 17.0-72.0 cmWD and male fish between 26.0-51.0 cmWD and the stingray size of Urolpus sp. females ranged from 19.0-130.0 cmWD and male fish ranged between 21.0-118.0 cmWD. Sex ratio male and female is balanced for Himantura undulata and Urolopus sp. while the other types are not balanced. Keyword: Composition, distribution, biology aspect, stingray, arafura

SRS/PMKL/2018/009

HABITAT CONDITION AND APPEARANCE OF REEF SHARK IN WAKATOBI NATIONAL PARK

Adiguna Rahmat Nugraha*, Ranny R. Yuneni Loka Perekayasaan Teknologi Kelautan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

*[email protected] ABSTRACT

This report aims to assess deeper on the species, distribution and biomass sharks and shark habitat conditions in the waters Wakatobi National Park. Shark habitat survey has been held in Wakatobi National Park at 16 - 22 November 2015. Data collection done by team that consisting a dive master, a shark observer, a fish >35cm observer and a substrate observer. The monitoring used underwater visual census method with long swim at 20 meters/minutes with duration of underwater observation was 40 minutes. The survey results identified 2 species which is Blacktip Sharks (Charharnicus melanopterus) with 38 appearance on 7 location and white tip sharks (Trianodon obesus) with 6 appearances on 2 location. The size distributions of Charharnicus melanopterus had 40 - 125 cm size range with 62.126% sharks appearance reached adults size. While Trianodon obesus had 90-175 cm size range 66,67% sharks appearance were not reached adults size. Total biomass average from 2 families were 155,3 kg/ha (SE±59.95) and 40.8 kg/ha (SE±41.13). Live coral coverage in the location were sharks founded are 33.8% (SE±7.91) to 57.5% (SE±26.19) which were categorized in good condition. The highest shark appearance and biomass in point 2 (Shark Point) and point 13 (The Zoo). Sustainable tourism practice has to be increased for the shark sustainability in Wakatobi National park.

Keyword: Habitat condition, reef sharks, Wakatobi



18

SRS/PMKL/2018/014

VISITOR MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF SHARK AND RAYS TOURISM IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK

Maulita Sari Hani, Ranny R Yuneni, Estradivari* *WWF-Indonesia


Komodo National Park (TNK) is one of sharks and rays tourism hotspots in Indonesia. Visitor numbers in Komodo have dramatically increased for the past eight years, from 21,765 (2008) to 107, 711 (2016). The density of tourists and boats in popular sharks and rays viewing sites have potentially threatened the ecosystems and species. In 2016, World Wide Fund (WWF) Indonesia conducted a study of carrying capacity in 11 sites of sharks and rays viewing and involved more than 150 visitors for 3 months period. The study of real carrying capacity (RCC) and physical carrying capacity (PCC) shows a maximum number of 23-134 persons/day for 11 sites with an average visit of 54 persons/site with the maximum of 6 shows per day. Based on this result, a number of visitor management plan of shark and rays tourism has been developed based on the regulatory framework of sustainable marine tourism master plan in TNK, including (1) Controlling number of visitor; (2) Controlling visitor behaviors; (3) Site management; (4) User fee system.

Keyword: Sustainable marine wildlife tourism, manta ray watching, shark viewing, marine protected areas (MPAs), conservation, management


19

SRS/PMKL/2018/503

ARE MARINE PREDATORS PHOTOGENIC? VIDEO APPROACHES FOR DATA DEFYCIENT REEF-ASSOCIATED PREDATORS IN INDONESIA

Andhika Prima Prasetyo*, Stephen Moore, Samantha Sherman, Colin Simpfendorfer

Center for Fisheries Research, AMFRHR, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia* [email protected]

ABSTRACT

To address information needs for data deficient shark species in Indonesia, a cost-effective video approach was used to quantify the relative abundance of sharks, rays and other megafaunas (morays, turtles and sea snakes) in no-take and open access zones of Nusa Penida Aquatic Conservation Area. Using 116 deployments of baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs), we found 162 individual sharks, rays and other megafauna. Three shark species from three families were identified: blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus, n=2), bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus, n=1) and bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum, n=10). Bamboo shark are known to have low valueto shark fisher. Five species of rays from 2 families were recorded: blue-spotted mask ray (Neotrygon kuhlii, n=12), mangrove whip ray (Himantura granulata, n=8), blue-spotted ribbon-tail ray (Taeniura lymma, n=4), blotched fantail ray (Taeniurops meyeni, n=2) and manta ray (Manta spp, n=6). We found that the zoning of the Aquatic Conservation Area had no effect on shark abundance. However, shark abundance was different between sites (East and West Nusa Penida). Numbers of lower order predators such as bamboo sharks, stingrays and morays were relatively high, potentially due to the absence of larger sharks. Rays had greater abundance at sites with low current and in deeper water, while morays, turtles and sea snakes varied across site and current intensity. Keyword: Baited remote underwater video, marine predators, cost-effective sampling, MPA effectiveness, Nusa Penida, Indonesia



20

SRS/PMKL/2018/140a

DISTRIBUSI UKURAN TANGKAP HIU TIKUS (Alopias pelagicus) YANG DIDARATKAN DI PPI TANJUNG LUAR NTB

Ayu Adhita Damayanti, Sadikin Amir, Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono*, Saptono Waspodo

Universitas Mataram [email protected]

ABSTRACT Penelitian ini menganalisis ukuran hasil tangkap untuk salah satu spesies hiu yang sudah dilarang

penangkapannya yaitu hiu tikus (Alopias pelagicus) berdasarkan aturan RFMOs (IOTC). Hiu ini terutama diburu karena kandungan minyak hatinya. Pengambilan data tangkap dilakukan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Tanjung Luar, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hiu tikus (Alopias pelagicus) tertangkap sebanyak 97 ekor (2.67%) dengan perbandingan jumlah betina:jantan 2.03:1. Perbandingan jumlah jantan dan betina masih dianggap wajar dan lestari. Jumlah betina dan jantan masing-masing 65 ekor (67.01%) dan 32 ekor (32.99%). Kisaran panjang Alopias pelagicus betina dan jantan masing-masing 169-320 cm dan 160- 298 cm dengan rata-rata panjang 246.6 cm untuk betina dan 249.32 cm untuk jantan. Berdasarkan distribusi panjang diketahui bahwa jumlah hiu betina siap kawin hampir dua kali lipat dari jantan siap kawin. Hal ini menunjukkan tingkat resilient yang cukup baik, karena hiu jantan dan hiu betina memiliki peluang yang cukup untuk berpasangan. Hiu jantan mampu membuahi lebih dari satu hiu betina. Jumlah betina layak tangkap sebanyak 35 ekor (53.85%) dan jumlah jantan layak tangkap 18 ekor (56.25%). Keyword: Distribusi, Alopias pelagicus, perikanan tangkap, Indonesia

SRS/PMKL/2018/072

PERAN DNA UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI SPESIES HIU DAN PARI DI INDONESIA

Jessica Wiludjaja, Bertha Letizia Utami*, Helena Suryadi, Herawati Sudoyo Lembaga Eijkman

[email protected] ABSTRACT Indonesia memiliki tingkat keragaman hiu dan pari yang tinggi. Di antara berbagai spesies hiu dan pari yang ada, empat spesies hiu (Pristis spp., Rhincodon typus, Carcharhinus longimanus, dan Sphyrna spp.) dan dua spesies pari manta (Manta birostris dan Manta alfredi) dilindungi di Indonesia. Perdagangan internasional untuk spesies hiu dan pari tersebut diatur dalam CITES dan termasuk dalam kategori Appendix I dan II. Di Indonesia, aktivitas penangkapan dan perdagangan ilegal terhadap bagian tubuh hiu dan pari terjadi karena permintaan produk hiu dan pari tersebut yang tinggi di dunia. Menurunnya populasi hiu dan pari yang dilindungi tersebut menyebabkan kebutuhan untuk mengetahui struktur populasi dan keragaman genetik semakin mendesak. Kami telah mengembangkan teknik identifikasi DNA untuk spesies hiu dan pari yang terdapat di perairan Indonesia dengan menggunakan marka DNA mitokondria. DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) merupakan materi genetik yang terdapat di dalam organel sel yang disebut mitokondria, memiliki ukuran sekitar 16 ribu pasang basa dan diturunkan melalui garis keturunan maternal. Bagian dari mtDNA yang digunakan adalah gen penyandi sitokrom oksidase subunit I (COI) dan fragmen hipervariabel (HVR). Marka COI digunakan untuk identifikasi jenis (spesies), sedangkan marka HVR, selain untuk identifikasi jenis, juga digunakan untuk menentukan asal geografi. Teknik analisis DNA ini juga digunakan dalam kasus perdagangan ilegal produk hiu dan pari yang tidak dapat ditentukan jenisnya secara morfologi. Keyword: Genetik, Hiu, Pari, identifikasi, DNA mitokondria



21

SRS/PMKL/2018/512

REDUCING MOBULA BYCATCH WITHIN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES USING LIGHT

Vidlia Putri Rosady*, Andrew Harvey, Retno Ningrum, Ron Johnstone Manta Watch

[email protected]

ABSTRACT Mobulid ray fisheries are largely unregulated and unreported. Global landings increased by an order

of magnitude from 1998-2009, with bycatch forming a major component. The devil rays (Mobula spp.) are charismatic migratory species that inhabit Indonesia waters. Members of the genus are vulnerable to extinction, and listed under several multilateral environmental agreements, including the Convention on Migratory Species and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. While mobulid conservation and management efforts in Indonesia have achieved some successes in addressing target fisheries and the illegal wildlife trade, the significant issue of bycatch within Indonesia's widespread small-scale fisheries remains largely overlooked. We present preliminary findings from a study to evaluate the feasibility of using light to reduce mobula bycatch within Indonesia's small-scale drifting gillnet fisheries. We used a randomized control trial to evaluate the impact of short wavelength light on target and non-target catches. We obtained catch data from fishers using logbooks, and verified fisher -reported data via a port sampling program. Our preliminary results suggest that installing devices that emit specific wavelengths onto gillnets has the potential to reduce mobula bycatch and to maintain or enhance target catches. However our socio-economic evaluation highlights the importance of strengthening regulations and leveraging market forces to incentivize the adoption of technologies and practices that enhance small-scale fishery sustainability.

Keyword: bycatch, mitigation, small-scale fisheries, sensory biology, mobula


22

SRS/PMKL/2018/135a

PARAMETER POPULASI HIU PISANG (Rhizoprionodon oligolinx) Springer, 1964 DARI PERAIRAN UTARA JAWA

Wijopriono*, Dharmadi

Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan RI [email protected]

ABSTRACT Ekspansi perikanan dan perdagangan global yang pesat telah menjadi pendorong utama

penangkapan ikan hiu untuk memenuhi permintaan daging, sirip, hati dan produk lainnya yang meningkat. Hal ini menyebabkan penangkapan ikan secara tidak terkontrol terhadap sumber daya dan merusak populasi mereka akibat upaya penangkapan yang belebihan. Di Perairan utara Jawa, Rhizoprionodon oligolinx merupakan jenis hiu yang banyak tertangkap terutama oleh armada gillnet. Penelitian dinamika populasi hiu telah dilakukan dengan menempatkan enumerator di basis pendaaan utama gillnet di PPN Pekalongan. Parameter populasi Rhizoprionodon oligolinx diestimasi menggunakan data pendaratan komersial hasil enumerasi 2014-2016 dari perairan utara Jawa untuk memahami dinamika populasi dan status stok spesies tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa L∞, K dan t0 diperkirakan masing-masing 96,1 cm, 0,47 yr-1 dan -0,78 yr. Tingkat kematian total (Z), tingkat mortalitas penangkapan ikan (F) dan tingkat kematian alami (M) diperkirakan masing-masing 2,16 yr-1, 1,48 yr-1 dan 0,68 yr-1. Hubungan panjang-berat menunjukkan pertumbuhan alometrik (b> 3). Keyword: Populasi, Rhizoprionodon oligolinx, Laut Jawa

SRS/PMKL/2018/121

SHARK SPECIES, CATCH AND IT’S FISHING GROUND IN THE INDIAN OCEAN SOUTHERN JAVA

Prihatiningsih*, Umi Chodrijah Balai Riset Perikanan Laut [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sharks is the Elasmobranchii class which means cartilaginous fish. The number of sharks in Indonesia

is increasing every year, so monitoring is needed to ensure sustainable utilization. This study was aims to assess the species composition, catch per unit of effort fluctuations and fishing grounds. The study was conducted in 2015 at the Cilacap Oceans Fishing Port, Central Java. Research methods are conducted directly in the field and data collection by enumerator. The dominant fish biology observation included measurement of the fork length. The results showed that total shark catches were dominated by A. pelagicus (32.69%), A. superciliosus (20.21%), P. glauca (11.25%), H. lemures (7.55%) and C. falciformis (6.14%). The sharks of A. pelagicus and A. superciliosus are caught by purse seine and P. glauca are caught by drift gillnet and longline. Catch per unit of effort trends tended to increase from year 2011 to 2016. The fishing ground of the drift gillnet is at the coordinate point L 8 ° 30 '- L 9 ° 20' and B 108 ° 30 - B 109 ° 30 ', bottom gillnet is L 7 ° 50' - L 9 ° 30 'and B 108 ° 30 - B 110 ° 10 ', longline is L 5 ° 30' - L 12 ° 10 'and B 95 ° 30 - B 109 ° 30' and purse seine is L 7 ° 40 '- L 8 ° 50' and B 107 ° 06 - B 109 ° 40 'which is part of the Palabuhan ratu waters, Pangandaran, Cilacap until Yogyakarta. The length of A. superciliosus shark ranged between 95-218 cmFL with an average of 150 cmFL and A. pelagicus ranged between 55-268 cmFL with an average of 138 cmFL. Keyword: Composition, catch, sharks, Southern Java



23

SRS/PMKL/2018/119

REPRESENTATION OF SHARK MATING, BREEDING, AND NURSERY HABITATS WITHIN THREE MPA FOR SHARKS LOCATIONS IN INDONESIA

Nara Wisesa*, Ranny Yuneni, Dwi Ariyogagautama,Christian Novia Ngesti Handayani

WWF Indonesia [email protected]

ABSTRACT Shark conservation attempts is increasing around the world. One shark conservation strategy

currently adopted by WWF-Indonesia is the development of “MPA for Sharks”. Three MPA for Sharks locations have been identified, namely Komodo National Park in Manggarai Barat, Mekko in Flores Timur, and Sombu in Wakatobi. This is an attempt to reduce the capture of juvenile and pregnant sharks, by establishing no-take zones in areas where sharks are found to often aggregate. This study aims to see whether the types of habitat considered as mating, breeding, and nursery areas for sharks (Coral Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrass Beds) are located within these MPA for Sharks. The results indicate that while coral reefs are found in all MPA for Sharks locations, Mangroves and Seagrass Beds which are often considered as important nursery areas for sharks are only found in one or two locations. However, the most commonly found shark species in all locations are white-tip and black-tip reef sharks, and both species are said to require less-specific nursery grounds for their youngs, requiring only shallow waters. Therefore, the three MPA for Sharks locations may be sufficient in reaching their aim for these two most commonly found species, but probably not for other shark species that are more habitat specific in choosing their nursery grounds. In the future, the selection of new potential MPA for Sharks locations may also need to consider the representation of mating, breeding, and nursery habitats for all shark species found in the area.

Keyword: habitat, conservation, breeding, mating, nursery


24

SRS/PMKL/2018/029

TOTAL COMPOSITION AND SIZE ESTIMATION OF SHARKS ON CORAL REEFS ECOSYSTEM AT DAMPIER STRAIT, RAJAAMPAT REGENCY

Fakhrizal Setiawan*, Austin Humphries, Beginer Subhan, Regitri Darmawan, Mufti Afrizan, Chris Paight,

Paul Carvalho, Alan Koropitan, Luky Adrianto, Hawis Madduppa Institut Pertanian Bogor


Sharks are the top predators in coral reef ecosystems and played a role to maintain ecosystem balance through trophic cascade. Unfortunately, this important role is threatened by their declining population due to the trade of its fins in the international market. In response to this, the Regional Government of Raja Ampat Regency became the first in Indonesia to enforce the protection of shark and manta rays. This provision is implemented through Local Regulation No. 9 / 2012 on Fishing Prohibition on Shark, Manta Rays, and Certain Fish Types in Raja Ampat Sea Waters. The study conducted from 14-22 January 2018 in the Dampier Strait – Raja Ampat found 15 individuals from 3 species of reef shark using an underwater visual census (belt transect and long swim). From 20 dive spots, 8 locations are having sharks; with zonation type compose of 60% in the tourist zone, 33% in the core zone and 7% in open access. The species composition are 73% black tip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus), followed by 20% of the white tip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus), and 7% of the Papuan walking shark (Hemiscylliium frecyneti). The sizes of the sharks found generally are adult (87%), initial phase (7%), and juvenile (13%). The large number of sharks found in mature size and being in protected areas suggests that this location still provides good area for shark regeneration in the future, and low levels of exploitation in the region are a strong signal of successfulness of the ongoing protection.

Keyword: Elasmobranchs, conservation, population, top predator, food chain, coral reef


25

SRS/PMKL/2018/004a

HOW THE ROLE OF HABITAT MODELLING ON MOBULIDS CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA: LESSONS LEARNED AND FOLLOW-UP


Marine Megafauna Research Group, Misool Foundation – Savu Sea Program, Flores Timur, Indonesia [email protected]

ABSTRACT Mobulids ray distribution has been recognized largely in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters.

However, the detailed distribution and habitat preference of mobulids in Indonesia are still largely unknown, where the current global distribution model still very rough and difficult to be implemented in the National level. Advancing our understanding of biogeography patterns of these species in Indonesia waters is important, particularly when the government has declared the Indonesian waters become the world's largest sanctuary for manta ray. Using Maximum Entropy algorithm we examine a pilot-study of mobulids ray in the Lesser Sunda region (LSR) for three species of Mobula birostris (n sighting=351), Mobula japanica (385), and Mobula tarapacana (96) and investigate the habitat preferences which associated to environmental predictor (e.g. bathymetry, slope, distance to coast, chlorophyll-a, and sea surface temperature). Our models demonstrate high-performance of AUCTest (>0.9) for all of the models and demonstrate the habitat preference of three species in this region is mostly characterized by high-concentration of chlorophyll-a (1-1.5 mg.m-3), shallow waters (<200 meters), close proximity to the coast (<10 km), in the waters temperature between 26-30 oC, and moderate sea bottom slope (<15o). Our study found that suitable habitat for M. birostris in the LSR is distributed across 67 sites, M. japanica 25 sites, M. tarapacana 56 sites. The presence of M. birostris has been confirmed in 66% of the predicted habitat areas by field evidences, where M. japanica (60%), and M. tarapacana (34%). Through this study, potentially examine further fisheries management plan and identify research direction.

Keyword: Habitat modelling, mobulids ray, spatio-temporal, conservation, Indonesia



26

SRS/PMKL/2018/104

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SHARK LANDED AT BRONDONG FISHING PORT EAST JAVA

Eko Setyobudi*, Suadi, Dwi Ariyogagautama, Faizal Rachman, Djumanto, Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni, Jhony Susiono, Galen Rahardian

Universitas Gadjah Mada [email protected]

ABSTRACT Indonesia has a wide variety of shark species distributed almost in all waters. Sharks have long been

as the target species of capture fisheries due to their high economic value. This study aimed to determine the species composition and biological aspects of shark landed in Brondong fishing port, East Java. The observations of sharks were conducted during November 2016 until January 2017, with total sample 1,924 individual. Each sample collected was identified, measure their length and weight, determined the sex and maturity. The study showed that sharks were not main target species, but by-catch of demersal fisheries. Most of landed sharks have a relatively small size. Fishers use non-selective fishing gear with small mesh sizes, which allow catch various sizes of fish. The number of shark species landed at Brondong Fishing Port was 29 species belonging to 20 genera. Chiloscyllium punctatum and Sphyrna lewini are the most frequently caught, 15% and 14.9% respectively. While other species which were found in lower proportions were Hemigaleus microstoma (9.9%), Atelomycterus marmoratus (9.3%) and Carcharhinus sealei (8.4%). The length of the Chiloscyllium punctatum ranged from 34-97 cm, S. lewini ranged from 38-228 cm, H. microstoma ranged from 30-308 cm, A. marmoratus ranged from 30-68 cm, and Carcharhinus sealei ranged from 25-92 cm. Each species of a shark has variations in terms of sex ratio and maturity. Based on the size of the length, most of the sharks caught have not reached yet the reproductive phase. Keyword: shark, composition, biological aspect, capture fisheries, East Java

SRS/PMKL/2018/093

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SHARKS LANDED IN LAMPULO FISHING PORT, BANDA ACEH

RIANJUANDA, Chaliluddin, Muhammad, Safrinawati Universitas Syiah Kuala


Shark fisheries in Banda Aceh are not supported by the availability of research-based data and information that needed to support the preservation and development of this resource. The purposes of the study were to assess the biological aspects including shark species identify and their status in IUCN, length distribution, sex ratio, and maturity stage of male shark. This study was conducted from August to October 2017 in Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh. The observation survey of fish landing sites was conducted to collect the catch species composition, total length of each individual, sex, and maturity stage of male genital of shark (clasper). The results showed there are 17 species of sharks that caught by some fishing gears (n = 318). Mean total length (TL), fork length (FL), and standard length (SL) are 122,90 cm, 110,77 cm, and 86,50 cm, respectively. The sex ratio of dominated species (Carcharhinus sorrah, Sphyrna lewini, and Alopias pelagicus) showed not significantly different between males and females, based on Chi-square test. Percentage of male shark maturity (n = 125) for each category (NC, NFC, FC) are 52%, 13%, and 35%, respectively. Percentage of the IUCN status (threatened rare, threatened with extinction, and almost threatened) of collected species are 12%, 29%, and 41%, respectively.

Keyword: Banda Aceh, biological aspects, shark, PPS Lampulo



27

SRS/PMKL/2018/008

TRENDS OF MOBULIDS RAY FISHERY: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN MEGAFAUNA HUNTERS COMMUNITY


Marine Megafauna Research Group, Misool Foundation – Savu Sea Program, Flores Timur, Indonesia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The major threat to mobulids population is international wildlife trade, which has increased in the last decade. Meanwhile, this high demand is not in line with these species’ biological characteristics, which tend to be slow in growth, late sexual maturation, long life spans, long gestation periods, low reproductive rates and low natural mortality. We recorded mobulids fishery landing in Lamakera along 2015-2017, where this village has famous as megafauna hunter community and one of the largest in the world. Generalized linier model (GLM) was used to describe the annual landing trends on each type of mobulids fishery. A total of 912 individuals were landed in the last three years, dominated by Mobula japanica (49%), Mobula birostris (37%), Mobula tarapacana (12%), and Mobula spp. (2%). Mobula birostris is the highest targeted species (77%), while Mobula japanica is the highest mobulids of bycatch from drift gillnet fishery (79%). The GLM model demonstrates the management intervention through marine patrol and law enforcement have successfully push down the numbers of Mobula birostris hunting annually (R2= 0.92, p-value <0.0001). However, the landing trends of Mobula japanica has increased significantly up to 623% due to the increasing of the bycatch product from drift gillnet fishery (R2= 0.97, p-value <0.0001). After all, the landing trends of all mobulids species from hunting were decreased, where the landing trends have changed and dominated by drift gillnet fishery bycatch. Meanwhile, the landing trends of Mobula birostris and Mobula tarapacana has decreased significantly except Mobula japanica. Keyword: Mobulids fishery, generalized linier model, megafauna hunters community, gillnet, conservation, Indonesia


28

SRS/PMKL/2018/088

ASSESSING SEX RATIO, BODY SIZE COMPOSITION, SIGHTING BEHAVIOR AND THREAT OF WHALE SHARK IN INDONESIA

Cassandra Tania, Mahardika Rizqi Himawan*, Andry Indryasworo Sukmoputro, Kris Handoko, Andi,

Muhammad Ishak Yusma, Nesha Kannama Ichida, Beginer Subhan, Hawis Madduppa WWF Indonesia


The study was conducted in West Sumatra, East Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, East Java, Gorontalo and Cenderawasih Bay. A total of 214 individuals were photographically identified through regular monitoring between 2010 and 2016. About 35 males (94.59%) and 2 females (5.41%) were identified in East Kalimantan, 1 male (100%) in Central Sulawesi, 24 males (85.71%) and 4 females (14.29%) in East Java, 20 males (100%) in Gorontalo and 105 males (83%) and 17 females (13.49%). Using a diver body as a reference length, whale shark in study locations had body size ranged 2.5-8.5 meters. The majority (98.7%) of sharks observed were immature, suggesting important habitats for young whale sharks. As their feeding behavior, whale sharks in East Kalimantan and Cenderawasih Bay were seen near bagan, the catches were dominated by anchovy (Stolephorus spp) (>58%). In Probolinggo, the abundance of zooplankton ranged 1952-11762 individuals/m3 in a day affected appearance with the mouth open. Feeding of shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) averaged 98.68 kg/day to whale sharks made them surfaced near the beach. Whilst, 2 whale sharks in West Sumatra were found stranded, and 1 shark was caught by fishermen’ net in Central Sulawesi. Around 40% of the individuals had scars in Cenderawasih Bay, 86.67% in East Kalimantan, 7.14% in East Java, and 58.82% in Gorontalo, were caused by fishing and tourism activities. Stranded whale shark in West Sumatra with unknown reason and entangled by fishing nets in Central Sulawesi are threats of population decline. The threats are a challenge in protecting whale shark populations. Keyword: animal behavior, photo identification, population



29

SRS/PMKL/2018/100

LIFE HISTORY AND EXPLOITATION RATE OF JUVENILE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD (Sphyrna lewini) IN THE INDONESIAN WATERS

Dwi Ariyogagautama*, Andhika Prima P, Ranny Ramadhani Y, Permana Yudiarso

* WWF-Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

High market demand for dried fins and meat are the main drivers of overexploitation of shark and ray resources. One of the species concern in IUCN redlist and CITES were Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), there is limited information on the life histories of this species in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to determine life history and exploitation rate of S. lewini. Research conducted in 4 landing site namely Brondong, Tegal Sari, Karangsong and Muncar Fishing port. It cover multiple fishing ground around Fisheries Management Area 711, 712 and 713. Within 4 years (2014-2017), 5310 individuals recorded that consist of 2,357 males and 2,952 female sharks. The data was analyzed by way of analytical model using the ELEFAN I program and using Length-converted Catch Curve on the FISAT II application.The results showed that the von Bertalanffy’s growth parameters: growth rate (K), asymptotic length (L) , and age at L0 (t0) were 0,09 yr-1 , 380 cm and -0,0167 yr for females; and 0,08 yr-1 , 361,99cm and 0,0422 yr for males. Mortality rate (Z) were 0,84 yr-1 for female and 0,68 yr-1 for male, natural mortality rate (M) were 0,18 yr-1 for female and 0,17 yr-1 for male, and fishing mortality rate (F) were 0,66 yr-1 for females and 0,51 yr-1 for males. Exploitation rates (E) were 0,78 yr-1 for females and 0,75 yr-1 for males, indicating high levels of exploitation.

Keyword: Growth, mortality, exploitation

SRS/PMKL/2018/137a

KOMPOSISI HASIL TANGKAPAN HIU PADA PERIKANAN RAWAI TUNA YANG DIDARATKAN DI PELABUHAN BENOA, BALI

Irwan Jatmiko*, Fathur Rochman dan Arief Wujdi

Loka Riset Perikanan Tuna, Denpasar, Bali [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Hiu merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan sampingan bagi perikanan rawai tuna di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi hasil tangkapan hiu pada armada rawai tuna. Proses pencatatan data berat dilakukan dari Januari hingga Desember 2016 pada armada rawai tuna yang mendaratkan hasil tangkapannya di Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali. Total produksi hiu pada tahun tersebut sebesar 177.000 kg. Spesies yang mendominasi hasil tangkapan tersebut adalah hiu selendang biru (Prionaceglauca) dengan produksi sekitar 153.700 kg (87%). Kemudian diikuti oleh hiu moro (Isurusoxyrinchus) sekitar 8.400 kg (4,7%), hiu monas (Hemipristiselongata) sebesar5.200 kg (2,9%), hiu kepala martil (Sphynidae) sebesar 4.800 kg (2,7%), hiu koboi (Carcharhinus longimanus) sebesar 4.400 kg (2,5%) dan hiu lanjaman (Carcharhinus falciformis) yang hanya 400 kg (0,2%). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dasar untuk mengelola dan memanfaatkan sumber daya hiu yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali. Keyword: Komposisi hasil tangkapan, hiu, rawai tuna, Bali



30

SRS/PMKL/2018/515

KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN SEBARAN UKURAN HIU DOMINAN YANG DI DARATKAN DI UPT PP MUNCAR, BANYUWANGI

Chuldyah Jengkarili Harsindhi*, An Nisa Nurul Suci, Muhammad Halim

Loka Riset Perikanan Tuna, Denpasar, Bali [email protected]

ABSTRACT Penangkapan dan pemanfaatan hiu di Indonesia telah banyak dilakukan, baik sebagai tangkapan

sampingan atau tangkapan target. Penangkapan tersebut dapat menyebabkan penurunan komposisi ikan hiu yang rata-rata berstatus rawan (near thretened) hingga terancam punah (endangered). Tujuan dari studi ini adalah melihat komposisi jenis hiu yang di daratkan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pelabuhan Perikanan (UPT PP) Muncar dan melihat sebaran ukurannya sehingga diketahui perkiraan umur hiu yang ditangkap oleh nelayan di daerah tersebut. Metode yang dilakukan adalah degan mengukur dan mengidentifikasi hiu yang di daratkan di UPT PP Muncar pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2016. Ikan hiu yang didaratkan di UPT PP Muncar berjumlah 20 jenis yang didominasi oleh Carcharhinus falciformes (n=558), Sphyrna lewinii (n=161), dan Galecerdo cuvier (n=72). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa ukuran TL C. falciformes berkisar antara 103—286 cm dan FL berkisar antara 88—249. Ukuran TL S.lewini berkisar antara 108—273 dan FL berkisar antara 84—213. Ukuran TL G.Cuvier berkisar antara 116—320 dan FL berkisar antara 100—314. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hiu yang didaratkan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pelabuhan Perikanan (UPT PP) Muncar di dominasi oleh tiga jenis hiu (C. Falciformes, S.lewini, dan G.cuvier) yang berada pada fase remaja hingga dewasa.

Keyword: sebaran ukuran, komposisi jenis, Laut Jawa


31

SRS/PMKL/2018/076

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STINGRAY (MOBULIDAE) CAUGHT FROM SOUTH OF JAVA WATERS

Ria Faizah

Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan RI [email protected]

ABSTRACT Stingray is one of the species of family Mobulidae that caught in the South of Java waters. Research

biology for this species is still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine biological aspects of Japanese Devilray, in Indian Ocean as input for management policy of stingrays fisheries in Indonesia. This study was conducted from January to December 2014 in the Ocean Fishing Port of Cilacap, Central Java. Parameters biology were observed such as body width, sex, and gonad maturation. The results of this study showed that bycatch of tuna gillnet consist of Mobula japanica 84.81%, Mobula tarapacana 10.44% dan Mobula birostris 4,75%. The body width of stingrays, M. japanica ranged between 120-240 cm with mode 240 cm for male and between 140-280 cm with mode 240 cm for female. The body width of stingrays, M. tarapacana ranged between 180-300 cm with mode 240 cm and M. birostris between 160-300 cm with mode 220 cm. Relationship between body width and body weight for M. japanica were expressed by the equation W =0,00008 x L2.532 (r2=0.93) for male and W =0,000002 x L 3.2494 (r2=0.91) for female. Exponential relationship between body width (y) and claspers’ length (x) was observed for M. japanica, that expressed by equation: y=0,000003 x2.7488 (r2=0,80), that mean the more width fish body, the more increase claspers’ length. The male and female sex ratio of M. japanica was not balanced (1: 1.55). Most of the stingrays caught have reached adult size.

Keyword: species composition, biological aspects, stingray, mobulidae, gillnet, South of Java



32

SRS/PMKL/2018/066

KERAGAMAN JENIS IKAN HIU DAN PARI DI PANGKALAN PENDARATAN IKAN SUNGAI KAKAP KALIMANTAN BARAT

Enjang Hernandi Hidayat*, Syarif Iwan Taruna Alkadrie, Maulidwan Sabri

BPSPL Pontianak, Ditjen PRL, KKP [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2016 hingga bulan Desember 2017 dengan metode observasi dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis hiu dan pari yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Sungai Kakap. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat beberapa jenis hiu dan pari yang teridentifikasi sebagai hasil tangkapan ikan hiu dan pari di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Sungai Kakap, yaitu 8 spesies Carcharhinus, 1 spesies Spyrna lewini, 1 spesies Galeocerdo cuvier, 1 spesies Rhizoprionodon acutus dan 1 spesies Stegostoma fasciatum untuk jenis ikan hiu, sedangkan untuk jenis pari yaitu 6 spesies Himantura, 3 spesies Rhynchobatus. 2 spesies Dasyatis, 1 spesies Gymnura zonura dan 1 spesies Rhina ancylostoma. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian yang dilakukan selama dua tahun ini (2016-2017), ikan hiu dan ikan pari mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, diketahui pada tahun 2016 hasil tangkapan ikan hiu sebesar 41% dan tahun 2017 sebesar 59%. Sedangkan untuk hasil tangkapan ikan pari pada tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 40% dan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 60%. Data ini menunjukan bahwa sumber daya ikan hiu dan ikan pari berada pada kondisi masih berlimpah. Tren pengkapan hiu dan pari pada tahun 2016-2017 yang sering didaratkan adalah jenis hiu Carcharhinus brevipinna dan jenis pari Rhynchobatus australiae. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan tingginya keragaman jenis ikan hiu dan ikan pari serta meningkatnya kegiatan penangkapan diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk rencana pengaturan terhadap jumlah upaya penangkapan yang diperbolehkan dan pengawasan tehadap jenis ikan yang dilindungi yang terancam punah.

Keyword: keragaman jenis, hiu, pari, PPI sungai Kakap


33

SRS/PMKL/2018/063

ESTIMATION OF GROWTH PARAMETER (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841) IN SOUTH INDIAN OCEAN WATER OF JAVA

Siti Mardlijah

Balai Riset Perikanan Laut [email protected]

ABSTRACT Alopias superciliosus or Bigeye Thesher Shark was a very high migratory species, oceanic and almost

always found in tropical and temperate seas. This species has a low fecundity and a very low population increase rate compared to other "Thresher" sharks. This species was particularly vulnerable to capture exploitation either as target or bycatch. The study was conducted in January to November 2016 at the landing site of Ocean Fishery Port of Cilacap. The research method used by observing and collecting data by enumerator. The 1252 individual bigeye thresher sharks were longline fishing catches caught in the Indian Ocean. The results showed that the size of the male bigeye thresher shark that was caught ranged between 30-210 cmFL with mode at size 160 cmFL. The female bigeye thresher shark were caught between 70-240 cmFL with mode at size 150 cmFL. The lenght weight relationship of the male shark and female indicates that the growth was allometrically negative (b <3). The sex ratio of male and female sharks was approximately 1: 1 or balanced (0.97: 1). Von Bertalanffy growth curve equation for bigeye thresher shark as Lt = 252 [1-e-0.12 (t + 0.0098)]. The mortality parameters including the total mortality rate (Z), the natural mortality rate (M) and the mortality rate of capture (F), respectively 0.51 / year, 0.25 / yr and 0.26 / yr . The rate of exploitation (E) of bigeye thresher harks was 0.52 / yr. Thus the rate of utilization of bigeye thresher shark was already at fully exploited level

Keyword: Growth parameter, bigeye thresher shark, Indian ocean

SRS/PMKL/2018/055

MONITORING OF SHARKS SPECIES IN LABUAN BAJO FISHING PORT (TPI) EAST NUSA TENGGARA

Edy Suherman*, Euis Zulfiaty, Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Perikanan


Labuan Bajo as capital city of Manggarai Barat Regency is surrounded by islands and coastal which is approximatelly about 9.450 km2 includes land area (2.947,50 km2) and ocean area (7.052,97 km2). Labuan bajo has landing site where mostly fishermen in Manggarai Barat Regency landed their catch to that area. Shark is one of species that oftenly landed as bycatch. The aim of this research was to know about catch composition of the sharks in Labuan bajo. Shark monitoring was conducted for the last 5 months within March – August 2017. This study was carried out through shark biology measurement and catch survey which has directly interview and participatory mapping which has indicated the fishing grounds are associated with nursery and feeding ground of juvenile sharks. Loh Kima and Seraya are the most location that often encountered accidentally fishing by a bottom gillnet. Through bottom gillnet is extremely dangerous to the number of sharks caught, however there are another five gears are potential to catch a schooling of shark. This study has found there are 15 sharks species which have dominant are Carcharhinus melanopterus (71%), Carcharhinus brevipinna (12%), Others species that covering 11 species (11%) one of theme is Carcharhinus falciformis which has included as APENDIX II CITES. Almost sharks bycatch’s are juvenile with interval of size approximately 49-120 cm, its mean 98% shark bycatch are still juvenile. This result increase around 30% per month that can be threatening the shark population.

Keyword: Shark, monitoring, bycatch



34

SRS/PMKL/2018/047

POPULATION CHARACTERISTIC OF WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) AND THEIR PATTERN OF RESIDENCY BEHAVIOR IN GORONTALO

Kris Handoko*, R.Andry Indryasworo Sukmoputro, Mahardika R. Himawan, Cassandra Tania

BPSPL Makassar [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The existence of whale sharks at Botubarani Beach, Bone Bolango District, Gorontalo Province became a tourist attraction since 2016. The purpose of this study is to determine the number of whale sharks that come or appear in Botubarani waters during the year of 2016 - 2017 and monitor the pattern of their live behavior in the amount of days. The monitoring methods used are by (1) using photo IDs to distinguish individual types of whale sharks, (2) monitoring by looking directly / visually and recording the occurrence of whale sharks written in the seasonal calendar system and (3) using acoustic-based technology, by installing 2 (two) units of acoustic receivers at a depth of 15 meters and installing 10 (ten) acoustic signal-transmitting markers on the Whale Sharks. The study was conducted in November 2016, May and November 2017. The number of individuals of whale shark that have been identified is 21 individuals of Whale Shark in total. While the live behavior patterns of Whale Sharks who are installed with acoustic transmitter tag says that whale shark measuring more than 3.5 meters come and stay for about 10 days in the waters of Botubarani. While the Whale Sharks less than 3.5 meters in size stay for about 1 - 7 days. The results of direct whale monitoring (visual) of the pattern of live behavior of Whale Shark in the number of days of emergence during the period November 2016 to November 2017 from the data obtained are: 17 days in November 2016 Keyword: Whale Shark, Photo ID, acoustic receiver, acoustic transmitter tag

SRS/PMKL/2018/038

SIZE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH PARAMETERS (Galeocerdo cuvier) IN THE SOUTH OFF WEST NUSA TENGGARA WATERS

Umi Chodrijah*, Agus Arifin Sentosa, Ria Faizah Balai Riset Perikanan Laut

[email protected]

ABSTRACT The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) was a top predator characterized by extensive food and larger

size. The tiger shark was a shark species of the Carcharhinidae family that was caught in the Indian Ocean. The purpose of this study was to obtain the parameters of growth and maximum size in the South off West Nusa Tenggara waters. The study was conducted at Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok in January until December 2016. The observation included total length and sex with visual measurement and observation in the field. The results of the study of 808 fishes showed that the total length range for tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) caught in Indian Ocean waters landed on Tanjung Luar was distributed on a size between 116-400 cmTL with an average length of 242.8 cmTL and a mode at 240 cmTL. The sex ratio of male and female tiger sharks was in an unbalanced state, with larger males. Estimation of asymptotic length (L?) of 420 cmTL with growth rate (K) 0.260 / year, total mortality rate (Z) 1.10 / year, natural mortality rate (M) 0.35 / year and mortality rate due to arrest (F ) 0.75 / year. Estimation of the rate of exploitation has led to overfishing (E = 0.68) therefore it was necessary to take regulatory and management measures to ensure sustainable utilization Keyword: Size, growth, tiger shark, West Nusa Tenggara



35

SRS/PMKL/2018/035

DIVERSITY OF SHARK SPECIES LANDED IN MUARA KINTAP FISHING PORT, TANAH LAUT

Amak Priyatna*, Sy. Iwan Taruna Alkadrie, Andrian Saputra BPSPL Pontianak


BPSPL Pontianak conducts monitoring and data collection of sharks population in Kalimantan. The activities are carried out for 23 months, starting from February 2016 to Desember 2017 in several fishing ports in Kalimantan, including at Muara Kintap Fishing Port, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. Data collection is done by enumerator officer by doing direct observation in field and interview to fisherman and fishing port officer. Secondary data obtained from fishing vessel logbook. Shark data collection includes species identification, measurement and taking documentation at Muara Kintap Fishing Port. Monitoring result show there are 22 sharks species caught and landed at the Muara Kintap Fishing Port. The most common species found in location is Sphyrna lewinii, which is 2.946 individuals with a total weight of 4.584,1 kilograms. Most of caught sharks have small size (juvenile). Sharks that were landed at Muara Kintap Fishing Port mostly in dry or salted form. Sharks is bycatch product from mackerel gillnet and “lampara dasar” or bottom trawl. Keyword: Shark, population, Kintap

SRS/PMKL/2018/513

PHOTO IDENTIFICATION: A CRITICAL TOOL FOR MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING MANTA RAY POPULATIONS IN RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA

Ricardo F. Tapilatu*, Robert Perryman, Stephanie Venables, Hamid A. Toha, Andrea D. Marshall

Universitas Papua [email protected]

ABSTRACT Despite their iconic megafauna status and importance to the global tourism economy, both species

of manta ray (Mobula birostris, Mobula alfredi) are considered internationally threatened, primarily due to the high demand for their gill rakers in traditional medicine markets. Population declines have been reported in multiple locations and the conservation of remaining populations is now of critical importance. Effective management and protection at a regional and global level requires an in-depth understanding of the size, structure and dynamics of manta populations. Long-term photo identification databases have proved to be a vital tool for understanding and monitoring regional and global manta ray populations, and form a solid foundation for further research and the development of management and conservation strategies. Indonesia’s Raja Ampat archipelago is one of the few places in the world where both reef (M. alfredi) and giant (M. birostris) manta rays can be reliably encountered. It is a critical habitat for these threatened species and provides an excellent opportunity to gain further insight into their biology and ecology. Photo identification catalogues dating back to 2009 have identified ~ 675 M. alfredi and ~ 220 M. birostris individuals in the region and have provided valuable insight into population size and structure, seasonality, residency and movement patterns. We present an overview of what we have learned so far and demonstrate the important role citizen science can play in collecting long-term data of this nature in the development and refinement of efficient management and conservation strategies for Raja Ampat’s manta ray populations. Keyword: Manta ray, photo identification, Raja Ampat, West Papua, population demographic, citizen science



36

SRS/PMKL/2018/080

Connectivity and phylogenetic analysis of Sphyrna lewini based on mitochondrial DNA

Sutanto Hadi*, Nurlita Putri Anggraini, Toufan Phardana, Effin Muttaqin, Benaya Meitasari Simeon, Muhammad Ichsan, Hawis Madduppa

Institut Pertanian Bogor [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic analysis and connectivity between populations play an important role in the conservation effort of an endangered species. Sphyrna lewini is a shark species with a wide distribution and one of the most endangered species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classified this species as Endangered. The status of this species in Indonesia was already protected by law. This study conducted to analyze the connectivity and phylogenetic of the S. lewini in Aceh (n = 30) and Tanjung Luar (n = 30) using a molecular approach based on the mtDNA. Molecular analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Biodiversity and Marine Biosystematics, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University. DNA amplification with the CO1 gene successfully identified 30 individuals of S. lewini with an average 628-bp nucleotide length. The value of haplotype diversity (Hd) in Aceh = 0.630 and genetic diversity (?) = 0.026 higher than the value at Tanjung Luar (Hd = 0.320; ? = 0.006). The structure between the population was high enough and significant (Fst = 0.356, p = 0.000). The results of phylogenetic analysis showed the connectivity of S. lewini in 4 clades of 11 haplotypes. This study showed that low genetic diversity and significant differences in genetic structure between populations made this species vulnerable to extinction in Indonesia. Keyword: Hammerhead shark, connectivity, phylogenetic, mtDNA

SRS/PMKL/2018/001

Age, growth and mortality of starspotted smooth-hound (Mustelus manazo) in Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Irwan Jatmiko*, Agus Arifin Sentosa

Loka Riset Perikanan Tuna [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Starspotted smooth-hound is one of important catch for small scale fisheries in West Nusa Tenggara. This species is part of family Triakidae. According to IUCN Red List, conservation status of this species is data deficient which mean that there is insufficient information to conduct proper assessment of conservation status. The objective of this study is to estimate the age, growth and mortality of starspotted smooth-hound in Indonesia. Length data were collected from January to December 2016 in Tanjung Luar Port, West Nusa Tenggara. Electronic length frequency analysis (ELEFAN) in R Statistics with package “TropFishR” were used to estimate population parameter. Length converted catch curve (LCCC) analysis were used to estimated total mortality of the species. The results showed that von Bertalanffy growth model for female was Lt=130 (1-e(-0.28(t+0.03))), for male was Lt=122 (1-e(-0.1(t+0.01))) and for combined sex was Lt=132 (1-e(-0.1(t+0.01))). Total mortality was estimated at 0.27/yr. The results from this study be able to be basic information to support fisheries management of tarspotted smooth-hound in Indonesia. Keyword: Age, growth, mortality, von Bertalanffy growth model




37

SRS/PMKL/2018/113

Biological Information of Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) Landed In Muncar East Java

Euis Zulfiaty*, Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya, Tri Djoko Lelono, Ranny R Yuneni Universitas Brawijaya


Shrak landing are still commonly in Fisheries Management Region (WPP 573) expecially in the landing site of Muncar Fishing Port. The Fishermen are used drift long line to catch a targeted fish with a dominant is Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). The purpose of this studies are to analyze composition and variation of sharks, and analized weight and length relation, corelation (r), clasper length and total length corelation of G cuvier . The analytical methos are used species composition and weight and length relation method. While a variation species is using SPPS 16.0, One-Way ANOVA method and continued Post hoct analyze with LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. Catch yield refered that Sig value amount as 0,001 that is mean total of biomas target and non-target species have a higest significant difference. Variation of sharks targeted have a Sig value 0,002, while of variation non target Sig value amount 0,012, the both of variation analysis hava a Sig<0,01 it is mean the higest significant difference of species between another species. The main targeted is Galeocerdo cuvier with biomass averages is 364,25kg (18,21%). Whereas a leargest composition of non target is Scombur sp with biomass averages is 247,4 kg (24,7%). Sexs ratio of sharks (male : female) of Galeocerdo cuvier are comparation (1:0,68) with corelation 84,2%, Length and weight relationship of Galeocerdo cuvier obtained an equation model is W= 0,001L2,1208 (alometric negative). Keyword: Biomas, composition, longline, shark, target, variation

SRS/PMKL/2018/083

TYPES OF SHARKS AND RAYS THAT ARE OFTEN CAUGHT BY CATCH ON SANCANG BEACH, WEST JAVA

Dhiyassalam Imam*, Yusuf Hilmi Adisendjaja, Fanny Eka Fitriany, Shandy Wibowo, Riska Nurlaila Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia


Some types of reef sharks and stingray are often caught accidentally (by catch) on Sancang beach, Garut, West Java. identified as many as 2 types of sharks and 2 types of rays are most often caught but not utilized. two types of sharks are reef sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) and blackfin sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus). while the type of ray that is often caught the birds rays (Myliobatis sp.) and sand rays (Dasyatis kuhlii). so far there has been no follow-up to manage the types of sharks and rays that are caught on TPI sancang. the fishermen usually dispose of carcasses of fish caught just because they are not economical. it should be a concern for the catchment manager at Sancang beach. Keyword: By catch, Garut, ray, sancang, shark, West Java



38

Theme 2

Social, Economic and Institutional

Research conducted concerning on trading, economic valuation and local wisdom

located in areas around Indonesia will be presented in this theme. In addition to

the utilization of trade, this theme is also related to the values of shark and ray

tourism in Indonesian waters. Several areas of Indonesia, there are many number

of sharks that are unrecorded as trading or distribution as processing products

would be a big challenges that must be improved in order to knowing the

tracebility of shark and ray products. Information about utilization of the shark and

ray in trading centre in Indonesia will be useful for management and

implementation the National Plan of Action

39

SRS/PMKL/2018/109

THE ECOLOGICAL VALUE SHARKS WERE LANDED IN MUNCAR PORT, BANYUWANGI, EAST JAVA

Galen Rahardian Universitas Jember

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Oceanic of Indonesian are tropical oceanic that have a variety of fish resources, between sharks, the

presence of sharks in marine also has the value of ecological functions as a large biomass sac considering the mass of these animals are also large. The method used is Sampling and sample measurement, Shark sampling conducted every day for 3 months in PPN Brondong. All types of sharks in the data then taken 50-100 samples for measured parameters length and width of the body. Furthermore each sample was weighed to obtain wet weight (Kg), The results of this study obtained the highest value of ecology on sphyrna lewini species of total shark ecology value (Rp 99.557.877) on Sphyrna lewini type. The highest value of shark ecology per individual (Rp 872,917) was found in Sphyrna Mokarran type, whereas for the lowest individual shell value per individual (Rp 5,603) was found in Atelomycterus baliensis type. Structural Value The highest total total shark species were found in Sphyrna lewini type (Rp 98.049.600), while the lowest was found in Carcharhinus macloti (Rp 21,120). The highest functional value of Galeocerdo cuvier type (Rp 1.842.251) and which has the highest structural weight value is Galeocerdo cuvier type with weight reaching 929 Kg. Keyword: Shark, brondong port, ecological value

SRS/PMKL/2018/105

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS CRIMINAL ACT OFFENDERS PROHIBITED SHARK TYPES

Bayu Vita Indah Yanti Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan

[email protected]

ABSTRACT One form of protection against the presence of some types of sharks that are prohibited is to provide

punishment that provides a deterrent effect on the perpetrators of the criminal acts of the fishery. One form of punishment on the offender of the prohibited shark type can be seen in the Decision of PN BASUNG LUBUK Number 59/Pid.Sus/2016/PN.Lbb, where the perpetrator is punished with imprisonment and fine, and if unable to pay a fine then be replaced with a criminal confinement. Can the form of punishment be considered a deterrent effect on the perpetrators of crime? What are the inhibiting factors that led to the criminalization did not provide a deterrent effect on the perpetrator? This will be discussed in this paper. The research was conducted by normative law research method, and based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that criminal law enforcement on the perpetrators of crime is done by law enforcement in accordance with Law No. 45 Year 2009; stage of criminal law enforcement by law enforcement officers ranging from police, prosecutors, to courts; and at the stage of execution, the defendant was sentenced to imprisonment for 1 (one) year and a fine of 50 million rupiahs. The inhibiting factor of criminal law enforcement is its own legal factor; law enforcement factors; factors of facilities and infrastructure; community factors; and cultural factors. Keyword: Criminal law enforcement, perpetrators, fishery crimes, prohibited sharks




40

RS/PMKL/2018/102

LAW POLICY REFORMULATION IN PROTECTING SHARK ECOSYSTEMS FROM MASSIVE EXPLOITATION IN THE INDONESIAN OCEAN

Muhammad Iqbal Rachman*, Yaries Mahardika Putro

* Universitas Islam Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The lack of Indonesian government policy in protecting the Shark species from the brink of extinction becomes a distinctive problem that must be resolved rapidly. The increasing market demand for shark fin is currently a strenuous task for the government to reform rapidly a specific policy to alleviate the massive exploitation of Shark species in Indonesia. The data from the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) revealed that no less than 100 million sharks per year are caught for “Shark Finning Removal” to be consumed. It should be understood that the practice of Shark Finning Removal is done only to remove the shark fin from the body and the rest of the body of the shark is discard to the sea. However, Indonesia unfortunately have no specific regulations related to the prohibition of Shark Finning Removal practice. Therefore, shark protection in Indonesia is still far from perfect. Based on the reality is became a basis to driven the writer to do a research. The methodology that will be used is normative method with conceptual approach. It meant to formulate this research, the author will integrated several legal comparisons and principle to get a concrete solution. Consequently, the output in this research is a juridical review in establishing a legal framework to protect the shark ecosystem in Indonesia. The results of this study will be submitted to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries to increase the government's consideration to follow up the problem of shark exploitation to a more serious level. Keyword: Indonesian policies, law, shark, shark finning removal


41

SRS/PMKL/2018/095

STATUS PEREDARAN PERDAGANGAN PRODUK HIU DAN PARI DI WILAYAH SULAWESI

Herawati Haruna*, Andry I. Sukmoputro Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut – Makassar

[email protected]

ABSTRACT Hiu merupakan salah satu produk perikanan yang menguntungkan dengan nilai ekspornya mencapai

Rp. 1,4 Trilyun pada tahun 2017. Sirip, Tulang hiu, daging, dan hiu hidup merupakan produk hiu yang sangat diminati baik domestik maupun ekspor. Berdasarkan data penerbitan rekomendasi peredaran produk hiu dan pari di Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Makassar dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi jenis produk hiu dan pari Appendiks dan Non appendiks, mengetahui fluktuasi volume dan harga produk yang diperdagangkan serta ketelusuran produk hiu dan pari yang diperdagangkan. Metode analisis kuantitatif dengan mengunakan data sekunder tahun 2017 yang diperoleh dari Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Makassar dengan wilayah kerja mencakup seluruh wilayah Sulawesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 29 spesies Hiu dan 7 spesies pari yang diedarkan dengan dominasi spesies Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhiinus limbatus, dan Carcharhinus melanopterus untuk peredaran domestik dan ekspor.Jumlah produk sirip sebanyak 26.336,28 Kg, hiu gelondongan sebanyak 65.434,39 Kg, olahan daging sebanyak 2878,58 kg, olahan sirip kupas 13,57 kg, olahan minyak 4192 Kg, hiu dan pari hidup sebanyak 866 ekor. Sirip merupakan produk dengan harga yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan produk hiu dan pari lainnya. Harga/kg mencapai Rp. 1.000.000 dengan size utama. Papua dan Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat merupakan penyuplai produk terbanyak yang diedarkan baik untuk tujuan peredaran domestik terbesar Jakarta. Makassar dan Manado sebagai pintu pengeluaran lebih didominasi dengan 85 % peredaran domestik dibandingkan peredaran ekspor 15 % tujuan Hongkong dan Thailand. Keyword: perdagangan, appendiks, non appendiks, hiu-pari, sulawesi



42

SRS/PMKL/2018/508

MARKETING OF SHARKS AND RAYS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA

Illisriyani Ismail*, Fatimah Mohamed Arshad, Kusairi Mohd Noh, Tai Shzee Yew, Ahmad Shuib, Ahmad Ali, Aswani Farhana Mohd Noh, Nurhafizah Mohamed, Allia Farhana Rosmanshah

*Institute of Agricultural & Food Policy Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the domestic marketing of sharks and rays in Sabah. The aspects examined of domestic marketing of sharks and rays in Sabah, include; the major players in the system, marketing channels and practices. The observation on the domestic marketing of sharks and rays in selected areas in Sabah suggest that the industry is responding to the market forces pretty well despite the location disadvantage. Based on the findings of the KIS and FGDs the marketing channels are highly localized depending on the catch (volume and type) and local demand due to the traders that have a good marketing network within Malaysia. Moreover, the sharks and rays product development is active that fishers and traders are able to add value to their catch by various product transformations through drying, packaging and processing both for food and non-food purposes. Due to the unique properties of the products, its marketing system is run by a wide range of intermediaries including: fishers, wholesalers, retailers (incl. those specializing in medicinal products), restaurants, exporters/importers and consumers. Keyword: Domestic marketing, major players, marketing channels, practices

SRS/PMKL/2018/520

DISTRIBUSI PERDAGANGAN HIU DI KARANGSONG INDRAMAYU

Mochamad Rudyansyah Ismail Universitas Padjadjaran

[email protected]

ABSTRACT Produksi ikan hiu di Karangsong cenderung mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Tujuan

penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola perdagangan hiu yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong, Indramayu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner yang dilakukan pada beberapa pelaku bisnis ikan hiu, kemudian dilakukan pendalaman untuk setiap pelaku bisnis. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini berupa peran para pelaku bisnis ikan hiu, diantaranya adalah nelayan, pengumpul (bakul), distributor besar, eksportir, pedagang kecil dan pengumpul tulang dan gigi ikan hiu. Keyword: Hiu, perdagangan, karangsong, distribusi



43

SRS/PMKL/2018/524a

SHARKS TRADING AT PPI TANJUNG LUAR,NUSA TENGGARA BARAT PROVINCE

Sadikin Amir*, Ayu Adhita Damayanti, Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono, Saptono Waspodo *Universitas Mataram

ABSTRACT

Tanjung Luar is the main central of shark trading in Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. The Fisherman based on this landing site (PPI Tanjung Luar) has the sharks as their main target not as by-catch like the other fisherman in other landing site. This research aim to describe shark trading schemes at PPI Tanjung Luar. Collecting data was conducted on July 2016-August 2017. Data was analyzed using descriptive methods. Results showed that trading happened on two ways, one isknowed by the regulator trading site and the other sold the shark directly to agreement buyers. From field analysis, the author can saw that the regulator of shark trading not giving enough mandatory for the fisherman who sold hammerhead shark or another shark that has been banned by law. Because of this, all traders can easily tade that sharks without specific effort. All the suppliers brought the shark’s pieces to Rumbuk Village for food processing, all market in Lombok Island, hotels, other islands, and exportir on behalf that not willing to mention their identity. The fisherman said they are still continue catching the shark is because the shark always exists and also the demand always high. Furthermore they said that they dont have another option to survive.

Keyword: Shark, Trade, Tanjung Luar, Nusa Tenggara Barat

44

SRS/PMKL/2018/094

NAUTICAL SPIRIT AS AN ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITIES IN THE CONSERVATION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Usup Setiawan

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is an archipelago with a long coastline of over 81,000 km, where the 2/3 region of its sovereignty in the form of sea waters. The sea is the source of life because it has rich natural potential of biological and non-biological. One of the riches of the Sea region-owned Indonesia namely the various species of sharks and rays. More than 221 species of sharks and rays are found in the sea of Indonesia. The knowledge society is the most important thing in the management of the marine ecosystem of the relic. The purpose of this research is to know the extent to which the spirit of the nautical society of Indonesia in improving understanding of the conservation of marine ecosystems. The method used is descriptive data collecting techniques in the form of a spread of the now and interviews. There are four research results are found namely (1) the community has not yet versed in maintaining the balance of the sea; (2) the community has not been aware of the dangers in a disturbed marine ecosystems; (3) in terms of socio-economic that the production of shark contributed significantly to revenue. (4) the community has yet to know the National regulations/related International fishery management particularly sharks and rays. The recommendations proposed include improving the understanding of the people in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems by raising awareness in the community about the importance of maintaining the stability of marine ecosystems through coordination, commitment and cohesiveness of all elements of society to enhance marine love in maintaining marine ecosystems.

Keyword: maritime spirit, understanding community, conservation, ecosystems sea, fish, sharks and rays



45

SRS/PMKL/2018/077

TRADE MONITORING AND COMPLIANCE OF DRIED SHARK FIN'S EXPORTERS ON SOUTH SULAWESI BASED ON CERTIFICATION APPROACH

Mohammad Zamrud*, Januarsih, Arief Hidayat, Sitti Chadidjah

* Balai Besar Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Makassar * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

South Sulawesi is a province included in Fisheries Management Area (WPP) 713 based on Makassar Strait, Bone Bay, Flores Sea and Bali Sea. This study aims to determine the volume and frequency of dry shark fin trade in South Sulawesi. Export of dried shark fins from South Sulawesi shows a significant increase during 2015 - 2017. The aim of this study was to determine the export traffic volume of trade of dried shark fin and analyze the factors that cause increasing in traffic volume during 2015 – 2017. This research also analyze the level of compliance of dried shark fin exportir. The methods used were investigation and trading primary data from 2015 to 2017 has been validated. Primary data were taken from Sister Karoline (Online Computerized System of Fish Quarantine and Quality). Investigations were carried out on the dried shark fin exporters and then analyzed based on frequency of exports. Data analysis described and presented in images, tables and graphics. Dried shark fins on South Sulawesi are from eastern Indonesia such as Sorong, Ambon, Banggai Islands, Biak, Tual, East Nusa Tenggara and Jayapura. From 2015 – 2017, dried shark fin exportation was very significant. The export destination countries are Hongkong and Thailand. At least, monitoring of shark export traffic through certification approach and level of compliance analysis becomes part of the solution to control the sustainable management of shark fisheries resources in South Sulawesi.

Keyword: Dried shark fin, export level of compliance, certification, Sister Karoline, South Sulawesi

SRS/PMKL/2018/046

THE ROLE OF FISHERS TOWARDS THE FIRST WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) ENCOUNTER IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

Susi Sumaryati*, Kristiawan, Puji Prihatinningsih

*Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa / Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Karimunjawa National Park is a marine protected area located in northern part of Java Sea and covering an area of 111,625 hectares. Previously there were no documentations mentioning the presence of Whale Shark in Karimunjawa National Park water. However, on May 14th 2013, fishers of sub village Alang-Alang reported the ecountering of Whale Shark to the park authorithy. At that moment, the shark handling was not conducted based on the standard operational and procedure of whale shark evacuation. Nonetheless, the fishers willingness to report to the authority is the form of awareness and sensitivity of locals towards wildlife. The objective of this paper is to identify the role of fishers in strengthening the whale shark data and in Karimunjawa National Park. The description of fishers role is illustrated by game theory. The result shows that fishers in Karimunjawa play a significant role in monitoring the presence of whale shark due to their relatively close proximity to Karimunjawa water. Furthermore, Karimunjawa fishers have the capacity to give response to a new phenomenon. The whale shark encounter also indicates that Karimunjawa water is within the whale shark migratory route. Positive responses coming from the fishers should be apreciated by the stakeholders within Karimunjawa National Park.

Keyword: The role of fishers, Karimunjawa National Park, whale shark



46

SRS/PMKL/2018/037

STINGRAY PROCESSING BUSINESS AT PANTURA- CENTRAL JAVA

Rizky Muhartono*, Subhechanis Saptanto Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Perikanan

[email protected]

ABSTRACT One business community in the coastal area is a fish processing business. Fish processing business

business can be a mainstay in fulfilling family needs. One type of processing business is smoked fish. Smoke fish is one type of processed business that still survive to this day. Stingray is one of the commodities used as smoked fish. This paper aims to describe the processed business of stingray fish in Central Java pantura. The analysis is done descriptively qualitative. The results showed that the smoke fish processing business is done by involving family members. There is a division of roles in the processed business undertaken. The marketing stage is mostly done by the mothers, while the stage of supply of raw materials is done by the fathers, while the processing is done together. The pattern of product sales consists of two kinds, namely selling directly to consumers or through baskets. Payment pattern by basket through delay system, that is take the fish product and pay it after some of the fish sells. Processed fish products, sold directly to consumers or baskets using simple packaging. Processed products are always out in the market, but market coverage is still limited to areas near processing centers. One of the perceived obstacles is the continuity of raw materials in certain seasons, processed technology and capital. One of the business development strategies that can be done is to improve the quality of processed fish and packaging to be able to reach new potential market areas. Keyword: fish products, smoked fish, stingray

SRS/PMKL/2018/042

PERMASALAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN SPESIES HIU DI TANJUNG LUAR, LOMBOK TIMUR

Nurlaili

Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is the biggest country to contribute to the production of sharks as fisheries product with 13,1% of the world sharks capture fisheries production. Sharks production in Indonesia in 2000-2010 reached an average of 106.288 ton/year. The purpose of this research in Central Java’s Fisheries Center (September-December 2017), Pasar Kobong, is to collect important data base of the sharks species landed, sex ratio, length and weight distribution. This data will be used further to determine the actions needed to manage sharks fisheries in Indonesia. Data collection was done by using sharks biological data form. Observation shows three out of eight sharks species found in Pasar Kobong are the most dominant catch. These species are Rhizoprionodon oligolinx (49%), Carcharhinus dussumieri (15%) and R. acutus. Observation (11%) also found one sharks species that has been included in the government regulation and CITES Appendix II, which is the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini). Four sharks species found in Pasar Kobong were very small in length and weight and categorized as juvenile.

Keyword: Sharks, kobong market, species composition, sex ratio, length distribution, weight distribution




47

SRS/PMKL/2018/142a

A REVIEW: COSTS AND BENEFITS ANALYSIS OF MANTA RAY TOURISM IN MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

Maulita Sari Hani, Asril Djunaidi* * Universitas Hassanuddin

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Manta ray tourism has drawn worldwide attention for the last decade because it offers significant

contributions to economy and conservation through snorkeling and diving encounter activities. According to previous research, number of manta tourists could more than double globally and generate USD 140 million annually where the hotspot locations including Maldives, Mozambiques, Australia, Hawai, Indonesia, etc. It is arguable among the scientists and researchers that the establishment of tourism industry in manta ray tourism has brought benefits and costs for the conservation areas (including the related species).Utilizing a number of scientific articles, this study provides a literature review of costs and benefits of global impacts of manta ray tourism and examines the lessons learned of its management operations. The results of this literature review indicate if there is an adequate management, manta ray tourism would effectively support the economic viability, ecological sustainability, and social equity of the MPAs with the good governance, strict regulations, and engagement of stakeholders (local community, local ngos, local authorities, businesses, etc). Keyword: Ecotourism, sustainable marine wildlife tourism, marine protected areas (MPAs) management, ecological, social, and economic impacts

SRS/PMKL/2018/097

THE DYNAMICS OF SHARK AND RAY PRICE AND THEIR LEVEL OF UTILIZATION IN INDONESIA

Hakim Miftakhul Huda*, Rizki Aprilian Wijaya * Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, BRSDM, KKP

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT The need for fish consumption in the world increases everytime, including shark and ray species.

Meanwhile, sharks and rays are a kind of slow growth breeding species of fish so it needs right management efforts for sustainable utilization. This paper aims to examine the dynamics of prices and rates of shark and ray utilization in Indonesia. The study is a desk study that uses secondary data and related research results. The results of the study indicate that in the period of 2004-2014 there was an increase in the utilization rate of sharks and rays in Indonesia. The rate of increase in utilization is higher than the rate of growth of fish utilization in general. The dynamics of shark and ray prices also experienced a tendency of price increase with the rate of increase above the average increase in fish prices. The high rate of increase in the utilization and the price of stingrays can encourage the increasing exploitation of sharks and rays in Indonesia which impact on the threat of sustainability of shark and ray resources. Efforts to manage sharks and rays through the limitation of catches, especially on certain species that are almost extinct can be a policy of sustainable management of shark and ray fisheries. Keyword: Price, level of utilization, shark, ray



48

Theme 3

Management and Conservation

Speakers can submit studies related to policy, ecotourism, regulation, and

conservation. Spesific regulation is needed for shark and ray management in

Indonesia including size and location of catch, shark finning, habitats, and some

species that need to be protected and regulated for its utilization. This information

will be important to carry out an effort to unify and refine some existing shark and

ray regulations in Indonesia, encouraging the protection of important shark and

ray (

49

SRS/PMKL/2018/085

SHARKS UTILIZATION FOR EXPORT BY JAKARTA

Fitrian Dwi Cahyo*, Dani Dasa Permana, Yunita Fauziati, Wiara Marup, Djumadi Parluhutan Panjaitan * Loka Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Serang

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sharks refers to all species within class Chondrichthyes. Sharks production in Indonesia is increasing

since 1950. From 1998 Indonesia is the largest sharks producing country in the world, even in 2014 Indonesia is 16,8% the largest. In 2015-2016 sharks export by Jakarta increased 202%. Since 2010 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic Indonesia has arranged NPOA-Sharks, protected status worship and export prohibited regulations, collecting data of shark fishing, and issuance of recommendation letters for shark distribution is government efforts in shark management. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about quantity of product, species, and export destination countries. This study is using quantitative analysis primary data from identification service by Coastal and Marine Resource Management Regional Office of Serang in 2015-2017, the result show that: The largest shark product utilized is Shark-Meat (65%), Shark-Fin (17%), and Ray-Meat (13%); The largest shark species utilized is Prionace glauca (10%), Carcharhinus brevipinna (9%), and Carcharhinus limbatus (8%); The largest destination countries is Malaysia (28%), Singapore (24%), and Hongkong (15%); Species of Appendix CITES that often found is Sphyrna sp (5,35%), Carcharhinus falciformis (1,55%), and Alopias sp (0,23%). Only 16 species that government regulated with very small utilization rates, so it need to create a new formulation as an effort to manage of look a like, unregulated, and dominate utilized species. The neccesity to collecting all species data of shark fishing and distribution is required as a management tools of sharks sustainability. This study can be a parameter of sharks management.

Keyword: sharks utilization, sharks product, sharks species, CITES



50

SRS/PMKL/2018/082

THE NEW INDIVIDUAL RECORD OF WHALE SHARKS (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) IN KWATISORE BEACH, CBNP, PAPUA

Dhiyassalam Imam*, M. Mukhlis Kamal, Sulistiono, Sampari Suruan


ABSTRACT

Whale sharks are one of the most endangered species in the world. Whale sharks can be found along the equatorial warm waters in Indonesia but studies of whale shark populations have not been widely used so it is still difficult to estimate the number of whale sharks present in Indonesia. One point of emergence of whale sharks is Kwatisore beach, Cendrawasih bay national park, Papua. Whale sharks have a unique pattern that differs from one individual to another. It is a marker and is was used as a tool to know the number of individual whale sharks. Until 2014 individuals who have been recorded as many as 129 individuals. The research that has been done throughout August to December 2016 has been able to identify the presence of new whale sharks on the Kwatisore coast. A total of 6 individuals have been successfully discovered by photo-id method with the help of I3S (Interactive Individual Identification System) software. All newly identified individuals are male individuals with an average length of 2.5 meters or can be said as juvenile. By the end of 2016, the total number of individuals on the Kwatisore coast grew to 135 individuals. Keyword: Individual, Kwatisore, record, whale shark

SRS/PMKL/2018/079

SHARK POPULATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN SPERMONDE REGION SOUTH SULAWESI

Herawati Haruna*

* Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut - Makassar * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Currently, the shark fishing seasons were still not specifically determined unless based on fish production monthly data that landed at the fishing port. Although sharks are a by-catch production from various fishing gear, the utilization rate is quite intensive. Hence, the monitoring of sharks population is necessary in order to apply the sustainable fisheries management efforts. The aims of this research were to discover the population of captured sharks in Spermonde waters FMA 713 during Mei – Agustus2016. Data of shark length, weight, and gender were obtained from Makassar Paotere Fish Landing Area. Data analysis was done descriptively using excel. Based on the results showed that there were 11 species of captured sharks, which are blue shark, Carcharinhus melanopterus, Triaenodon obesus, Stegostoma fasciatum, Rhynchobatus australiae, Carcharinhus sorrah, Chiloscyllium punctatum, Paragaleus tengi, Carcharhinus sealei, Carcharhinus limbatus Carcharhinus limbatus dan Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos. The catches data were dominated by the female shark as much as 137 shark, with the total size of the range ranging from 44 to 196 cm and the male shark ranges from 34.7 to 255 cm. The dominance of young immature sharks has the potential for recruitment overfishing. Rate growth and mortality of male sharks was higher than the females. Sharks population has high exposure to the catching conditions, so thus the regulation and management are necessary to keep its sustainable.

Keyword: Population, management, shark, Spermonde



51

SRS/PMKL/2018/078

COMMUNITY ROLE IN CONSERVATION: A CASE STUDY FROM SHARKS AND MOBULIDS RAY FISHERY IN INDONESIA

Erma Normasari*, Sarah Lewis, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra

* Misool Foundation – Savu Sea Program, Flores Timur, Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT There is a rise in skepticism surrounding the efficacy of community-based conservation programs,

but as human behavior is the primary driver of species and habitat decline surely the social factors of conservation need to be addressed as a priority. Indeed, there are numerous examples of well-intentioned conservation initiatives faltering when they fail to engage communities in the conservation process. In this paper we discuss a case study from East Flores, one of the world’s largest shark and mobulids ray. In 2014 we initiated a program to help Lamakera transition from the unsustainable hunting of manta rays, to sustainable fisheries. In 2016 we expanded the program to include other communities in East Flores region. Our strategy is to build a comprehensive system, where we optimized the community role as surveillance and ocean ambassadors which equipped by conservation toolkit, as well as smartphones and cameras in order to collect the field evidence for law enforcement. Sources of information will be delivered by the community through a call center to be followed up by a Quick Response Team, either for law enforcement, species rescue efforts, and socialization. Since the strategy is implemented, there have been many lessons and success stories, where the number of IUU fishing reporting increased by 1133%, with 23 times rescue of protected species (e.g. whale sharks). We highlight, a wide-scale and enthusiastic adoption of our conservation messages by communities throughout the region ultimately leading to significant increases in the protections of shark, mobulids rays in this region. Keyword: Socio-conservation, community-based conservation, marine surveillance, shark, mobulids ray


52

SRS/PMKL/2018/071

SILKY SHARK TRUST: CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF Carcharhinus falciformis IN PPP MUNCAR, BANYUWANGI

Nur 'Azizah Charir*, Naning Dwi Lestari

* Universitas Brawijaya * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Muncar Costal Fishing Port (PPP) in Banyuwangi that located at the eastern tip of Java Island is the second largest fish port in Indonesia after the bagansiapi-api port in Riau. In the Development, PPP Muncar became one of the centers of shark fishing in East Java. The type of shark that is targeted by fishermen is silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis). Currently the population of sharks shows of decrease due to excessive catch, the protection status included in the red list of Appendix II CITES. Consequently, conservation management are needed in protecting and preserving silky shark. The Silky Shark Trust program became one of the strategies in PPP Muncar. The Silky Shark Trust is a conservation method is taking a multidisciplinary approach to protect and conserve sharks through educational shark tours, monitoring and research, raising awareness and providing education to the people. Therefore, the authors are interested in analyzing the Silky Shark Trust program by using qualitative approach. The analysis result shows that the growth of public awareness about the importance of preserving shark, the existence of monitoring and research activities facilitate in determine the policy to protect the population of shark, and the realization of educational ecotourism area based on shark conservation. Through the Silky Shark Trust program in the conservation management can increase the economic income of the community that is not sourced from the target shark catch and can support the government program Banyuwangi in developing tourist destinations in PPP Muncar, Banyuwangi, and East Java. Keyword: Silky Shark Trust, conservation, silky shark, PPP Muncar



53

SRS/PMKL/2018/068

CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS AND WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) APPEARANCE IN CENDERAWASIH BAY, PAPUA

Diena Ardania*, Mohammad M. Kamal, Yusli Wardiatno


ABSTRACT

Whale shark is the largest fish and widely throughout sub and tropical seas, where their migration pattern and appearance driven by environmental conditions and food availability. One of migration area is National Park of Cendrawasih Bay, precisely at Yaur Distric, Nabire. This study was done at Kwatisore and Sowa villages from October to December 2016. The aimed is to describe the correlation between environmental parameter and the occurrence of whale shark in Kwatisore and Sowa waters of Cendrawasih Bay, Environmental parameters measured are temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH, depth and transparency were collected in-situ while wind speed, wind shear, current, significant high wave get from satellite data ECMWF and www.marinecopernicus.eu. The correlation between whale shark and environmental parameters used spearman correlation at 95% confidence level. the result shown that parameters influencing the occurrence of whale shark were wind shear about 0.383, chlorophyll a about 0,569 and current about -0.543. Wind shear and chlorophyll a has positive correlation, this is thought to be related to food distribution such as zooplankton and larva fish. Current parameter has negative correlation with occurrence of whale shark and it's correlated to the nature of whale shark that prefer calmer water. The future research on the correlation of environmental parameters with food distribution as well as it's relation to spatial and temporal distribution is needed to find out more about the important factor occurrence and habitat of whale shark in Cendrawasih bay, Papua. Keyword: Habitat, physio-chemical, environmental, whale shark

SRS/PMKL/2018/065

THE TRADING OF SHARKS AND RAYS UTILIZATION FROM KUPANG, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

Yuniarti Karina Pumpun*, Sri Pratiwi Saraswati Dewi, Rodo Lasniroha, Zainal Abidin * Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut - Denpasar

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Kupang is one of the shark and ray-producing areas in Indonesia. Most of the sharks and rays catched

in Indian Ocean, at 124o – 128o E and 9o – 11o S, is distributed to all over Indonesia through Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Since September 2015, BPSPL Denpasar Region, NTT, has conducted recommendation service concerning shark and ray products that will be shipped from Kupang. The recommendation service is carried out in accordance with government policy on shark and ray utilization. This policy regulates a full protection, bycatch prohibition and export prohibition of certain types of sharks and rays. There are 75.88 ton of shark and ray products traded through Kupang during 2017. It was identified that these products include 23 species and 2 genera of shark and 2 species and 2 genera of ray. This paper is aim to determine the volume and distribution of shark and ray products recommended by BPSPL Denpasar from Kupang during 2017.

Keyword: Sharks and rays trade, shark and rays, recommendation,Kupang NTT



54

SRS/PMKL/2018/017

IDENTIFICATION THE EXISTENCE OF SHARK POPULATION IN SOUTHERN WATERS OF JAVA CAUSED BY STRONG EL NINO 2015

Muhammad Ishlah Alfasyah*, Faqih Musyaffa

* Sekolah Tinggi Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (STMKG) * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The existence of shark population is begun to be threatened by the excessive exploitation by the fisherman. This situation is compounded by lack of control to shark catching and trading. One of Indonesian regions having many shark population is southern waters of Java. This is caused by the water mass dynamics influenced by the monsoon system that it causes undersea water mass movement (upwelling). This study itself aims to identify the existence of shark population based on duration and intensity of upwelling and to analyze the weather variation affecting the duration and intensity of upwelling in southern waters of Java. This study uses distribution of wind and temperature of sea surface data. The data is used to support the duration and intensity of upwelling identification in southern waters of Java. The upwelling process itself is not only caused by the monsoon, but it is also caused by the El Nino and La Nina weather anomaly in southern waters of Java. One of the identifying factors is the food sources availability. The upwelling phenomenon causes the rise of undersea water which is rich in nutrients that the waters in it becomes fertile and has many algae. This situation attracts various marine animals which are the food sources of shark. Based on the basic theory and related study, it is conclude that identification of the existence of shark population be helping in monitoring the population and conserving shark to maintain the supporting capacity of the environment. Keyword: shark population, upwelling, southern waters of Java


55

SRS/PMKL/2018/092

UNDERWATER MONITORING OF SHARK SPECIES IN MEKO WATER TO SUPPORT MPA MANAGEMENT AT EAST FLORES

Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni*, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra

* WWF-Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Adonara Island is one of big islands in District of East Flores that has total land area approximately 519.64 km2. That area is also one of conservation target in Region Management for conservation area (KKPD) of East Flores that have been indicated to support and protect the critical habitat of sharks, especially in the north of island called Meko Water. In 2015, there were 2 species of reef shark that found in 14 of 20 dive sites including C. melanopterus (86.69%) and T. obesus (17.31%) of 104 appearances. Second monitoring was conducted at same season in 2017 (October – November) that collaboration between WWF Indonesia, Misool Foundation and Department of Marine and Fisheries East Flores with 4 differences depth of underwater visual census (20m, 15m, 10m, and 5m). There was 10 minutes for every dive in 3 clusters such as semi hotspot zone, hotspot zone and control zone. The species of sharks were not different found in 18 of 19 dive sites with 178 appearances. Average of shark appearance per dive site increase around 55.9% in the last 2 years. This case is caused by decrease of shark catch intensity was effected by less of supply chain significantly and there is possibility reason like local fishermen awareness are upgrading in effort to release juvenile shark in Meko Water in order to preserve shark population and other ecosystems. Shark management in Meko could be integrated with marine tourism management that has been started raising every year that should be useful for locals (Community Based Tourism) and observe the existence of sustainable ecosystem and fisheries. Keyword: Reef sharks, effectiveness management, MPA, East Flores, Indonesia



56

SRS/PMKL/2018/027

TRADE CHAIN OF SHARKS AND RAYS UTILIZATION IN BALIKPAPAN

Hetty Priyanti Efendi*, Ratih Tribuwana Dhewi, SY. Iwan Taruna Alkadrie * BPSPL Pontianak - SATKER Balikpapan

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Trade chain of Sharks and rays utilization in Balikpapan very complicated, involving many parties

ranging from captive fishermen, meat, fin, stingray skins, real shark collectors, businessman for local consumption, up to the marketing process outside Balikpapan. Based on sharks and rays trade traffic recommendation by BPSPL Pontianak 2017, there were 19 sharks and rays businessman in Balikpapan. Total weight of sharks traded outside Balikpapan in 2017 was recorded at 151,348.8 kg consist of 1.67% fins, 97.93 % sharks meat, 0.0045% sharks skin, and 0.40% real sharks. While, for rays, total weight as 22.457,69 kg consist of 6.59% fins, 74.47% rays meat, 17.95% rays skins, 0.98% snout. Total weight of sharks for local consumption in 2017 recorded at 1.991.27 kg and 2.784,1 kg rays. Trade percentage of sharks and rays is 97.33% marketed to Surabaya, Jakarta, Tangerang, Lamongan, Sidoarjo, Denpasar, Banjarmasin, Medan, and Makassar and only 2.67 % for local consumption. Whitespotted Guitarfsh (Rhynchobatus ausraliae and Rhynchobatus springeri), has the highest selling point for rays fin products, while Scalopped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) has the highest selling point for shark fin. And for rays skin, Whitespotted Whipray (Himantura gerrardi) and Round Whipray (Himantura uarnacoides) and Bleeker’s Whipray (Himantura pastinacoides) most commonly traded in Balikpapan. Zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum) has the highest selling point for aquarium shark. And for Shark meat is traded in whole equipped with fins and pieces without fins. Keyword: Trade, utilization, sharks, rays, Balikpapan, fishermen

SRS/PMKL/2018/020

UPGRADING COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDING TO MAINTAIN SHARK AND STINGRAY FISH POPULATION, PANTAI DEPOK, BANTUL, DIY

Dyah Ayu Ekasari*, Intan Neno Kasmita, Joko Prihatin

* Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Indonesia's marine wealth is one of the main sources of livelihood for coastal communities. Various types of fish can be used and used for various products, both for cosmetics, handicrafts, and consumption. This causes the demand for some types of fish increased and led to exploitation. Among them are some sharks and rays, both types of fish are now protected status that is for the type of shark Martil, Cowboy shark, and Manta ray. Based on ministerial regulation, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) Number 34 of 2015 concerning Prohibition of Cowboy Shark Spending and three types of Hammerheads shark and Manta ray from the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia to the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia. In this study the authors use the method of observation analysis by involving several respondents who have different backgrounds around the coast of Pantai Depok, Bantul, DIY. Based on the field analysis found that the level of understanding of coastal communities is still minimal about the protection of shark and ray species. Therefore it is necessary to increase understanding to the main community of coastal areas concerning the types of sharks and rays that are allowed to be utilized and which are not allowed to be utilized. Keyword: Shark and rays, Depok coast, understanding of society



57

SRS/PMKL/2018/064

CATCH COMPOSITION AND FISHING GROUND OF SHARK APPENDIX II CITES LANDED IN NAMOSAIN – NTT

Sri Pratiwi Saraswati Dewi*, Rodo Lasniroha, Yuniarti Karina Pumpun, Zainal Abidin * BPSPL Denpasar Wilker NTT, Ditjen PRL, KKP

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Namosain, Kupang – East Nusa Tenggara is one of center of sharks production in Indonesia. But,

information about catch composition of sharks species not much will be found, because data of catch composition recorded in one category that is “cucut”. Besides that, condition of sharks that landed has been cut off to some pieces such as fin, meat, caudal, skin, and skeleton, so it’s difficult to identify or classify the species. However, the regulation set up to genera/species level, it is important to have report of catch composition up to the species level. This paper aims to describe the composition of shark species that catch by longline operated in Indian Ocean and landed on Namosain, especially species listed on appendix II CITES. Data obtained by enumeration catch of shark landed on Namosain in July - September 2017. The result showed that 100% of shark landed on Namosain has been cut off to some pieces, so identifying of species by its fin. Total 4,183 individuals of shark were recorded, 21.32% of total catch were species listed on appendix II CITES consisting of 5.90% Carharhinus falciformis, 3.04% Sphyrna mokarran, and 12,38% Sphyrna lewini and Sphyrna zygaena. There is an increase 12% from survey monitoring in 2016. Sphyrna lewini and Sphyrna zygaena are the most amounts of species appendix II CITES, its fin size dominated of 20up. The highest catches occurred in August. The potentially fishing areas would be located at S 90 – 110 and E 1230 – 1280. Keyword: Catch composition, fishing areas, shark appendix II CITES, Indian Ocean, Namosain


58

SRS/PMKL/2018/502

BIODIVERSITY AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF LIVING SHARKS OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, CAMBODIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, PHILIPPINES, THAILAND AND VIETNAM

Ahmad Bin Ali*, Fahmi, Dharmadhi, Annie Lim Pek Khiok, Tassapon Krajangdara

* SEAFDEC/MFRDMD * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sharks, batoids and chimaeras, (Subclass Elasmobranchii) biodiversity in the Southeast Asian Region is the richest in Southeast Asian Region with at least 315 species comprising of at least 174 species of sharks and 141 species of rays already recorded. Most sharks and rays species live in the coastal waters of most countries as well as within continental, and insular shelves as their habitat. Oceanic species are rarely caught except for Indonesia. In general the most dominant sharks species caught are spot-tail shark, Carcharhinus sorrah; silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformes; blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus; bull shark Carcharhinus leucas; milk shark, Rhizoprionodon acutus; scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini; grey bambooshark, Chiloscyllium griseum; and brownbanded bambooshark, Chiloscyllium punctatum. As for rays, the most dominant species in general are blue-spotted maskray, Neotrygon kuhlii; whitespotted whipray, Himantura gerrardi; scaly whipray, Himantura imbricata; pale-edged stingray, Dasyatis zugei; leopard stingray Himantura uarnak; whitenose whip ray Himantura uarnacoides; and dwarf whipray, Himantura walga. The fresh water sharks and rays species such as the Borneo river shark, Glyphis fowlerae; giant freshwater stingray, Himantura polylepis; white-edge freshwater whipray, Himantura signifer, Mekong stingray Dasyatis laosensis and roughback whipray Himantura kittiponggi are rarely found and endemic within certain area and are threatened to overfishing. This paper review the biodiversity and habitat preference of sharks and rays species in the Southeast Asian Region based on information gathered from published literatures as well as author’s knowledge and experiences in the field. Keyword: Biodiversity, habitat, preferences, living, sharks, rays



59

SRS/PMKL/2018/522a

A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO ELASMOBRANCH CONSERVATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM LAMAKERA AND THE SAVU SEA

Sarah Lewis*, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra, Shawn Heinrichs, Hery Yusamandra, Andrew Miners

* Misool Foundation * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Indonesia has been designated as the world’s largest sanctuary for manta rays, whale sharks and other charismatic megafauna. In addition, biodiversity hotspots such as Raja Ampat have been granted special national and regional protected status. However, it is critical that these designations are more than just sanctuaries in name alone. We must ensure that the communities that depend on these areas and species derive sustainable livelihoods, such that they ultimately become the ambassadors and greatest champions for their conservation. Our experience shows that a multifaceted approach to species conservation - one that includes national and local level policy, conservation-focused research, enforcement, community engagement and livelihoods development, and outreach – is the most effective and long-term sustainable solution to species and habitat conservation. In this presentation we discuss a case study from Lamakera, the worlds’ largest manta hunting community, with a hunting tradition going back over 400 years. In 2014 we initiated a program to help Lamakera transition from the unsustainable hunting of manta rays and other vulnerable megafauna using the multifaceted approach mentioned above. In 2016 we expanded the program to include other communities in the Savu Sea who were also having a negative impact on regional elasmobranch populations. In the 4 years since the program’s inception, there have been both disappointing setbacks and exciting successes. Ultimately, our experience in Lamakera is demonstrating that even in the most difficult communities, positive and lasting change can be achieved, and environmental protection and long-term economic and cultural wellbeing can go hand in hand. Keyword: Community-based conservation, elasmobranch, Indonesia


60

SRS/PMKL/2018/518

BAITED REMOTE UNDERWATER VIDEO (BRUV) SURVEY IN TUN MUSTAPHA PARK (TMP) MARINE PARK, MALAYSIA

Adam Payne*, Serena Adam

* World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF-Malaysia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Background: The newly gazette Tun Mustapha Park (TMP) in 2016 measures almost 900 thousand hectares and is the largest marine protected area in Malaysia. With very little baseline on sharks in TMP, the purpose of this study is to assess the abundance and biodiversity of Elasmobranch species using non-invasive survey technique namely Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV). This tool is becoming a suitable method to assess diversity and abundance of sharks throughout other Sabah’s reefs. Results: The survey was conducted from 11th October to 6th November 2017, with a total of 58 BRUV deployments covering a small percentage within the TMP region. Out of the 58 survey, only two species of shark were captured with a total of 6 sightings; Brown banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum and Blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus respectively. The limited sightings may be due to the high fishing pressure in TMP and the loose site selection covering a large area. Due to insufficient result, the relative abundance and species richness were not analyzed. While the BRUV study revealed preliminarily unsatisfactory result, the opportunity to gauge audience in this symposium to explore the observations made on how to enhance BRUV implementation in TMP is very much anticipated. This paper examine observations made during the surveys and would highlight other BRUV results in Sabah and present basic species and abundance data on sharks through other research method. Ultimately, this paper would probe insights to set better benchmarks to implement future BRUV surveys in TMP region. Keyword: Baited Remote Underwater Video, Tun Mustapha Park, Marine Protected Area


61

SRS/PMKL/2018/505

DEPENDENCY OF ARTISANAL FISHERS ON SHARKS AND RAYS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA

Aswani Farhana binti Mohd Noh*, Ahmad Shuib, Tai Shzee Yew, Ahmad Ali, Nurhafizah Mohamed * Institute of Agricultural and Food Policies Studies

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to understand the dependencies and to provide are socioeconomic status of the

artisanal shark and ray fishers in Sabah, Malaysia. Sharks are particularly vulnerable to over-exploitation due to their biological characteristics of late maturity, having few young and some species being long-lived. Worldwide, shark populations are in the decline due to unregulated fishing, much of it to meet the high demand for fins, meat and cartilage. Many countries have asked for actions to be taken to stop the decline in shark populations and to help ensure that the list of species threatened by overfishing does not continue to grow. Although the potential for overexploitation of shark and ray stocks is high but catches of sharks and rays may be critical to the economic viability and the socioeconomic welfare of the fisher communities. In Malaysia sharks and rays are mostly caught bycatch in many fishing gears. The socioeconomic details of the fishers were unknown, but it was believe that artisanal fishers relied on sharks and rays caught as additional income and some fishers catch common ray species for local consumption. Accordingly, Malaysia government engaged the collaborative research and it are urgently needed research for Malaysia to get more information because any management decisions could have a major effect on this artisanal fishers. A case study is undertaken in the districts of Sandakan and Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia, to identify the potential economic and social impacts of the restrictions on shark and ray catching on fishers and their households. Keyword: Socioeconomic, dependency, artisanal fishers, sharks and rays fishers


62

SRS/PMKL/2018/525a

REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MEGAFAUNA SIGHTINGS WITHIN RAJA AMPAT; COMBINING CITIZEN SCIENCE WITH MODERN DATA VISUALIZATION

Arnaud Brival

Raja Ampat SEA Centre [email protected]

ABSTRACT A key approach to Marine Megafauna conservation consists in the establishment and good

management of Marine Protected Areas. Evaluation of MPA effectiveness and population dynamics of marine megafauna currently relies on monitoring methods which are often costly, sporadic and constrained to present outdated results at the time of publication. Her, we explore the potential of an alternative yet complementary approach designed to facilitate real-time policy design and decision-making processes with MPA management. We present a citizen science application using recreational divers to monitor the sighting frequencies of 32 large iconic taxa including sharks, rays and turtles. A total of 3340 dives were recorded over 30months, on 71 dive sites within the Dampier Strait MPA, Raja Ampat. Several of the preliminary results are presented including: the detection of Manta rays seasonality within the MPA; the distribution and diversity of large elasmobranch within the Raja Ampat Shark Sanctuary; the apparent effect of tourism intensity on Manta sightings. Although further research remains necessary to fully appreciate and minimize the extent of bias, we find this innovative method to present a series of characteristic well suited to modern MPA management. These include cost effectiveness, large dataset output, real-time trend detection, and a great potential for large scale replication. The potential for further development of this application as a MPA management tool will be presented. This include its capacity for direct linking between ecological functions associated socio-economic services they provide as well as its potential for coupling with other monitoring methods to gain further knowledge about megafauna spatio-temporal response to environmental change. Keyword: Citizen science, Marine megafauna, Monitoring, MPA management tool


63

SRS/PMKL/2018/507

PLASTICS ON THE MENU: MICROPLASTICS PRESENT IN INDONESIAN MANTA RAY FEEDING HABITATS

Elitza Germanov * Murdoch University, Australia

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Microplastics have emerged as a major threat to the marine environment. Recent research advances

have shed light on global microplastics estimates, threats to biodiversity, and key focal regions for intervention. Yet there are few reports assessing the potential for microplastic ingestion by threatened large filter feeders, such as mobulid rays, in regions heavily impacted by plastic pollution like Indonesia. Here, we evaluate the microplastic concentrations and characterize the debris found in critical feeding habitats for manta rays (Manta alfredi) in two areas fraught with marine plastic pollution, Nusa Penida and Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Using a 200-micron plankton net, we assessed micro (<5mm) and meso (5-200mm) plastics found in the top 0.5m of the water column over a two-year period (2016-2018). Micro and mesoplastic abundance in manta rays feeding grounds appears to be seasonally influenced in Nusa Penida, with higher concentrations of microplastics during the wet as compared to the dry season (0.48 pieces/m3 Vs 0.03 pieces/m3, respectively). Conversely, seasonality does appear to play a large role in Komodo. The size of plastic pieces differed between the two location with 1-5 mm pieces forming the majority (63%) of plastic pieces in Nusa Penida, while in Komodo the majority (58%) were <1 mm in size. Given the large quantities of water manta rays must filter to meet their daily energy demands, feeding activity in these locations will likely result in microplastic ingestion that over time may expose these vulnerable animals to associated treats, including toxins. Keyword: Mobulid, microplastic, filter-feeder, plastic, feeding, ecology

SRS/PMKL/2018/501

PERCEPTION OF ARTISANAL FISHERS ON SHARK AND RAY RESOURCES

Ahmad bin Shuib*, Ahmad Ali, Tai Shzee Yew, Aswani Farhana Mohd Noh * Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT The study has also sought to determine the perception of the small fishers on issues related to the

catching of the shark and ray species. The small fishers admit that they do catch the two species but they assert that the species are not targeted but are caught bycatch only. Any shark/ray caught will supplement their incomes; furthermore they know that the species are highly demanded for the fins (in case of sharks), the skins (in the case of certain species of rays) and the meat for daily consumption or for further processing. Many of the small fishers do not really know the specific species nor the endangered species when the fish is caught. To that extent, although a slightly bigger proportion of the fishers agree to the suggestion of establishing a sanctuary for shark/ray, many are also skeptical with the suggestion. On the other hand, in general the small fishers are less agreeable to the issues of the protection and conservation of sharks and rays due lack of awareness of the endangered species and their belief that both species are still in abundance.

Keyword: Artisanal fishers, marine resources, livelihood




64

SRS/PMKL/2018/511

ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY AND UTILITY OF CITIZEN SCIENCE DATA FOR MONITORING AND MANAGING SHARKS AND RAYS

Andrew Harvey*, Tri Nur Sujatmiko, Ida Asyari Utomo, Ron Johnstone

* Manta Watch * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sharks and rays are the most threatened vertebrate group. At greatest risk are large-bodied, shallow-water species, many of which are flagship species for marine wildlife tourism. Indonesia's shark and ray tourism is estimated to contribute up to USD 130 million annually to the nation's economy, with potential for further growth in line with the Government of Indonesia's tourism development targets. Realizing this potential will require robust data on population distribution and status with which to inform and evaluate management interventions that address the threats to wild populations. However, obtaining accurate and timely data across Indonesia's expansive marine ecosystems is costly and time-consuming. We present preliminary findings from a study to evaluate the accuracy and precision of population data obtained from citizen scientists. We used in-situ repeated measures to evaluate encounter rate estimation bias by non-specialists (recreational divers), specialists (dive professionals and guides) and experts (researchers). We applied these findings to a 10-year data set obtained from recreational divers and tourism operators to assess long-term population trends for focal shark and ray species in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Our findings suggest that data obtained from non-specialists and specialists can provide an accurate and precise estimate of species encounter rates, and a population status proxy to inform management planning and aid efficient targeting of research and monitoring resources.

Keyword: Citizen science, sampling technique, visual census, distance sampling, survey, elasmobranch

SRS/PMKL/2018/510

SOCIAL NETWORK STRUCTURE AND FINE-SCALE SITE FIDELITY IN REEF MANTA RAYS, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA

Robert Perryman

Marine Megafauna Foundation * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) typically occur in small, isolated populations associated with island or coastal reef systems, and are susceptible to anthropogenic threats. In shallow-water environments M. alfredi form groups and perform apparently socially-mediated behaviors. Social structure may be an important link between the behavior of individuals and population-based phenomena including spatial ecology, disease transmission, and response to human disturbance. Here, we provide quantitative evidence for structured social relationships in M. alfredi, using association data from 2127 sightings of 150 rays observed on at least 7 occasions over 4 years. We show that individuals display strong fine-scale preferences for various locations within a small study area, with social network structure that is conserved over time. By controlling for non-social factors, we show that reef manta rays exhibit social preferences that are not only the result of aggregation in time and space. Sex and maturity status are likely to be major factors affecting habitat use and social preferences. Results suggest that further study into the social nature of manta rays will be important to understand their complex spatial ecology, and in enacting effective conservation measures such as protection of key habitats.

Keyword: Manta ray, Mobula alfredi, social network analysis, site fidelity, Raja Ampat



65

SRS/PMKL/2018/006

ASSESING MUNCAR’S SHARK AND RAY FISHERY: TRENDS AND FISHERMEN PERCEPTION

Betty J.L. Laglbauer*, Fahmi, Vidlia P. Rosady, Nurul Mukhlis, Didik Rudianto, Isabel Ender *The University of Queensland, Australia/ University of the Azores, Portugal

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) typically occur in small, isolated populations associated with island

or coastal reef systems, and are susceptible to anthropogenic threats. In shallow-water environments M. alfredi form groups and perform apparently socially-mediated behaviors. Social structure may be an important link between the behavior of individuals and population-based phenomena including spatial ecology, disease transmission, and response to human disturbance. Here, we provide quantitative evidence for structured social relationships in M. alfredi, using association data from 2127 sightings of 150 rays observed on at least 7 occasions over 4 years. We show that individuals display strong fine-scale preferences for various locations within a small study area, with social network structure that is conserved over time. By controlling for non-social factors, we show that reef manta rays exhibit social preferences that are not only the result of aggregation in time and space. Sex and maturity status are likely to be major factors affecting habitat use and social preferences. Results suggest that further study into the social nature of manta rays will be important to understand their complex spatial ecology, and in enacting effective conservation measures such as protection of key habitats.

Keyword: Manta ray, Mobula alfredi, social network analysis, site fidelity, Raja Ampat


66

SRS/PMKL/2018/141a

ARTIFICIAL SOUND EFFECT FOR THE SHARK BEHAVIOR IN HALMAHERA WATERS

Agus Cahyadi*, Dharmadi * Pusat Riset Perikanan, Kementrian Kelautan Perikanan - Indonesia

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Salah satu mata pencarian nelayan yang bertempat tinggal di pulau-pulau kecil di kepulauan

Halmahera Tenggara adalah melakukan penangkapan ikan hiu dengan menggunakan pancing. Namun sebelum dilakukan operasi alat pancing, terlebih dahulu dilakukan proses aktivasi sumber suara yang dihasilkan dari alat bantu. Dalam satu perahu rata-rata membawa alat bantu yang terbuat dari bahan logam dan bahan alami. Alat bantu ini difungsikan untuk "memanggil" kumpulan ikan hiu oseanik saat alat tersebut mengeluarkan sumber suara yang dihasilkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kekuatan sumber suara dari hasil proses perekaman sumber suara dari kedua jenis bahan alat bantu tersebut. Proses perekaman alat bantu ini menggunakan hidropone merk Dolphin Instrument yang dicelupkan 1 meter ke dalam air yang selanjutnya diukur kekuatan suaranya sampai mencapai 25 meter. Kekuatan sumber suara berkurang berdasarkan jarak perekaman. Kekuatan perekaman sumber suara yang dihasilkan dari alat bantu bahan alami pada jarak 1 meter adalah 72 dB dan jarak 25 meter adalah 58 dB. Kekuatan perekaman sumber suara yang dihasilkan dari alat bantu bahan logam pada jarak 1 meter adalah 102 dB dan jarak 25 meter adalah 83 dB. Jenis hiu yang teridentifikasi adalah hiu threshers (Alopias spp). Suara yang dihasilkan dari alat tersebut berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkah laku hiu yaitu terdapatnya kelompok hiu yang berenang membentuk formasi renang dalam kumpulan ikan hiu mengitari di sekitar perahu saat alat bantu ini dibunyikan. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi nelayan tradisional karena dapat menekan biaya operasional penangkapan

Keyword: Suara, tingkah laku hiu, Perairan Halmahera

SRS/PMKL/2018/133

WATER QUALITY AND IT'S RELATION EXISTENCE OF WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) EXISTANCE IN BENTAR BEACH PROBOLINGGO

Willy Angraini*, M. Tri Hartanto, M. Mukhlis Kamal * Institut Pertanian Bogor

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) adalah ikan pelagis Elasmobranchii terbesar di dunia yang memakan

dengan cara filter feeder. Hiu paus menunjukan karakter berenang yang beradaptasi dengan lingkungan perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini mempelajari karakteristik kualitas perairan dan kaitannya dengan keberadaan hiu paus di Pantai Bentar Probolinggo. Karakteristik perairan terdiri dari oksigen terlarut, total suspended solid, kekeruhan, nitrat, fosfat, klorofil, batimetri, suhu, salinitas, pH, dan kecerahan. Parameter perairan yang memiliki nilai p-value >0.05 berbeda signifikan pada bulan April dan Agustus terdiri dari suhu salinitas, nitrat dan fosfat. Parameter nilai p-value < 0.05 tidak berbeda signifikan terdiri dari pH, kecerahan, klorofil-a, oksigen terlarut, total suspended solid dan kekeruhan. Famili zooplankton melimpah pada copepod dan crustasea pada bulan Agustus diduga akibat tidak ada pemangsaan dari hiu paus. Keberadaan hiu paus tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap parameter yang memiliki nilai yang berubah signifikan. Keberadaan hiu paus di Pantai Bentar diduga oleh ketersediaan makanan utaman berupa zooplankton.

Keyword: Whale shark, water chemical, zooplankton




67

SRS/PMKL/2018/122

REDUCING SHARK-FINNING ACTIVITY THROUGH SHARK-DIVING ECOTOURISM

Mochammad Agung Seno Pambudi*, Rendra Pranata, Baihaqi Wisnumurti Wiharno * Universitas Padjajaran

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT Shark-finning is an activity of cutting sharks fin which usually used as medical and food product that

believed can increase overall body vitality. However, the benefits are not yet scientifically proven. Shark-finning activity spread sporadically around Indonesia. This condition occurs as an effect of over-increasing shark fin demand. In the other side, this activity also impact greatly to marine ecosystem. Because of this activity sharks population as the top predators are decreasing. Decreased sharks population will cause shark-prey overpopulation that ultimately cause un-stability of marine ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to give a solution to shark-finning negative impact. The method which being used is by educating the tourist. As an effort to reduce shark-finning, decreasing shark fin consumption through Shark-diving ecotourism. Tourist as one of the potential consumers of shark fin products will be in shark-related education, shark role in the marine ecosystem, adverse impact of Shark-finning for marine ecosystems, facts about shark fin composition, as well as its effect to the economy in fishery sector. With shark-related and shark-finning counseling perfectly packaged into shark-diving ecotourism, tourist can easily understand the dangers of shark-finning for marine ecosystems as well as the sense of wanting to protect both sharks and marine ecosystem as a whole. With educated tourist, it is expected that shark fin consumption will eventually reduce and ultimately gave a negative impact on shark-finning activities Keyword: Ecosystem, ecotourism, shark, shark-diving, shark-finning

SRS/PMKL/2018/118

JUST KEEP SWIMMING: MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF WHALE SHARKS IN WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA

Abraham Sianipar Conservation International Indonesia


The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a cosmopolitan species found in tropical and subtropical oceans. They exhibit a range of residency and movement patterns throughout their range. A combination of recent advancements in biologging technology and a population of whale sharks that have a close association with liftnet fishing boats in Cenderawasih Bay, West Papua-Indonesia has allowed us to place tags that can record up to two years of data. From June 2015 to May 2016, 15 SPLASH 10 346A tags, recording light, temperature, and pressure at 10-second intervals, were attached to juvenile male whale sharks in Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia. A switching state space Bayesian model (SSSM) was fitted to the data to identify behavior patterns. This study analyzes 88 - 499 days of consecutive data from 15 tags, where mean track length = 2,496 km from initial tagging position (range = 676 - 5,154 km). Sharks spent 81% of their time foraging, which occurred over shallow waters (median = 35 m), while traveling occurred over deeper waters (median = 1,284 m). From the depth data, we see that 66% of time was spent between 0-25 m depth, 84% of deep diving (>200 m) occurred during the day, and recorded maximum dive depth of 1,860 m (mean = 1,090 m). Although the specific reasons for movements in and out of Cenderawasih Bay remain unknown, they may involve a combination of searching for local productivity hotspots and mapping the area prior to their potentially permanent departure from the bay.

Keyword: Rhincodon typus, whale shark, movement pattern, satellite tagging, Cenderawasih Bay



68

SRS/PMKL/2018/116

MANAGEMENT OF MOST BUSY DIVE SITE IN RAJA AMPAT

Meidiarti Kasmidi Conservation International Indonesia


Raja Ampat is the center of the world's marine biodiversity and the heart of the coral triangle (Coral Triangle). The waters of Raja Ampat are also one of the places in the world where both manta rays (M. alfredi and M. birostris) can be found. Tourism is the main economic driver in Raja Ampat, and the manta rays are its icon. Since 2007 to 2015, the growth of tourists by 20-fold, where in 2015 recorded 13,727 foreign tourists and 10251 domestic tourists. With the increasing number of visitors from year to year, the management of carrying capacity-based tourism is important. Since 2016, the Raja Ampat Pari Manta working group was formed to manage one of the most hectic manta dive sites in Raja Ampat, Manta Sandy, located in the Dampier Strait region . On this site, it is often found about 30 divers at the same time, making the decreasing number of manta rays. This working group is a joint initiative of the Regional Government (Tourism and UPTD BLUD), tourism operators (resorts, cruises, and homestays), NGOs, and also villagers who have customary rights to manta tourism areas. In June 2017, a tourism monitoring post was made on the manta sandy site. The post is guarded by manta cadres from 4 surrounding villages, arranging visitor restrictions, supervising the implementation of the ethics code of pari manta tourism, and providing education to tourists. Since establishment, there has been an increase in the number of manta rays. One key to this success is the inclusion and capacity building of local communities that spearhead conservation, as well as good collaboration among all stakeholders.

Keyword: Sustainable tourism, tourism management, Raja Ampat, manta rays



69

SRS/PMKL/2018/099

IMPLEMENTATION OF CITES IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ON MANAGING SHARK AND RAYS

Efin Muttaqin*, Sarminto Hadi, Sofie Mardiah, Hollie Booth, Benaya M Simeon, Muhammad Ichsan

* Wildlife Conservation Society - Indonesia Program * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In recent years, international community has become increasingly concerned about the trade of endangered species particularly shark and rays. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has applied to more than 20 species of shark and rays in CITES Appendix II since 2013. According to CITES article, international trade of species in Appendix II shall to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. In 1978, Indonesia has acceded to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and since 2013 Indonesia has adopted the regulation of CITES related to control international trade of shark and rays. Such as full protection on Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and Manta Ray (Manta spp). In the other hand, Indonesian Government also has aplied export banned for Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna spp), Oceanic White tip Shark (Carcharinus longimanus), strengthen the trade monitoring and law enforcement as well. Key issues and challenges to increase management of shark and rays and implementation CITES are demand reduction for international and domestic consumption, the effective and efficient management measures to ensure sustainable fisheries, protection critical habitat of shark and rays, and promoting alternatif livelihood to fill the gap as law enforcement concequences. Beside that strengthen trade monitoring through developing traceability system of shark product to ensure effective CITES implementation also needed. Keyword: Shark and rays, CITES Implementation, sustainable fisheries, trade monitoring, traceability system


70

SRS/PMKL/2018/045

CATTING RULES AND TRADE OF SHARKS COMMODITIES BASED COMMUNITY AT CENTER WHERE SHARKS LANDED

Zahri Nasution

Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Shark is a type of fish of high economic value captured by fishermen and traded, although 12 species are protected species in Indonesia. This paper is the result of a review of community-based fishing and shark catching arrangements at fish landing centers in support of sustainable shark fisheries management. The study was conducted by reviewing the documents related to research results that have been published and updated information based on media coverage related issues studied. Based on the results of the study, it is found that until now has been applied the rules of ban on the arrest and trade of sharks through the Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries. Nevertheless, efforts to catch and trade sharks continue to this day either openly or illegally. The results of the study show that there are still many sharks in the Karimata Strait, Makassar Strait, Indian Ocean, Pacifica Ocean and freely sold sharks in Sorong, Malang and Labuhan Bajo. Even illegally, shark fin trade from protected species through exports to Hong Kong still exists and is caught at export exits by quarantine officers. Based on the results of the analysis of the current condition linked the principle of sustainable fisheries management with regard to the opinion and research results of researchers / other institutions, it is necessary: 1) socialization to provide understanding to the fishermen officers and communities in stages that shark populations need to be managed sustainably; 2) establishment of a community-based supervision system (siswasmas) which has the main function of supervising the catching of species (species) of sharks that can be captured by fishing communities and complete landings of sharks at fish landing centers; 3) limits on the size of sharks that may be caught through the use of fishing gear; 4) restrictions on exportable shark species (fins); 5) limitation of shark export exit (certain airports). Keyword: Arrest rules, shark trade, community-based, landing centers


71

SRS/PMKL/2018/504

DATA COLLECTION AND CONSERVATION CAMPAIGN FOR THE RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF SAWFISHES IN INDONESIA

Dharmadi*, Andhika Prima Prasetyo, Amelle Jung, George Burgess, Nurmila Anwar, Agung Purwa Hidayat, Muhammad Barmawi, Dina Arya Purnama, Herawati Hanura, Iwan Taruna, Masrul Jaya

*Pusat Riset Perikanan, Kementrian Kelautan Perikanan Indonesia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sawfishes (Pristidae) are one of the most rare and endangered rays that deserve urgent global initiative to conserve them. Indonesia has issued regulation to prevent the extinction of the species i.e. Government Decree no. 7 in 1999. However, recent evidences stated that the fishing (targeted and by-catch) still occurred across the Indonesian waters. This paper aims to share the experience on developing data collection framework and conservation campaign entirely dedicated to preserve these species. In 2017, INDONESAW, an international collaborative project, has been established to address these conservation issues. Specific social media and communication material were produced and published. Additionally, a network of seven focal points was selected and trained in order to perform sensitization data collection and community education of this charismatic species. The challenges to deal with ecological and socio-economic aspects as well as recommendations are discussed in this paper. Keyword: Sawfish, conservation, data collection, campaign, Indonesia


72

Poster Abstract

73

No Kode NamaInstitusi /

UniversitasJudul Poster

1 SRS/PMKL/2018/007

Nanda Satria,

Dara Fitria

Munzaki

Universitas

Pendidikan

Indonesia

UPAYA PENGELOLAAN HIU DAN

PARI MELALUI SEKOLAH PANTAI

INDONESIA

2 SRS/PMKL/2018/015Grace Easteria,

Ranny R. Yuneni

Universitas

Gadjah Mada

Tingkat Pemanfaatan Olahan

Spesies Hiu dan Moda

Distribusinya di Provinsi Bali,

Indonesia

3 SRS/PMKL/2018/016Nurmila anwar,

S.Pi, M.Si

Satker DKI

LPSPL Serang

Laporan Temuan Species Lamna

nasus Pada Kegiatan Identifikasi

Jenis Hiu dan Pari Satker DKI

Jakarta

4 SRS/PMKL/2018/018aTrijoko, L.R.

Apriliyani

Fakultas

Biologi UGM

PERBANDINGAN SIRIP DENGAN

BERAT TUBUH TOTAL IKAN HIU

DARI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN

SAMUDERA CILACAP

5 SRS/PMKL/2018/019Septi Setia

Utama

Universitas

Bangka

Belitung

Keragaman Jenis Ikan Hiu yang

Didaratkan di Pulau Bangka

6 SRS/PMKL/2018/021

Nurulludin, Rudi

Masuswo

Purwoko, Enjah

Rahmat, Asep

Priatna

Pusat Riset

Perikanan

KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN SEBARAN

UKURAN HIU DI LAUT ARAFURA

7 SRS/PMKL/2018/022

Sampari

Saneraro

Suruan,

Mohammad M.

Kamal, Roni

Bawole,

Casandra Tania

Institut

Pertanian

Bogor /

Universitas

Papua

SEBARAN POPULASI HIU PAUS

(Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) DI

PERAIRAN KWATISORE,

KABUPATEN NABIRE, PROVINSI

PAPUA

8 SRS/PMKL/2018/023

RATIH

TRIBUWANA

DHEWI, HETTY

PRIYANTI EFENDI

BPSPL

PONTIANAK -

SATKER

BALIKPAPAN

TREN PERDAGANGKAN HIU

AKUARIUM DI BALIKPAPAN

KURUN WAKTU 2016-2017

9 SRS/PMKL/2018/024

HETTY PRIYANTI

EFENDI, RATIH

TRIBUWANA

DHEWI

BPSPL

Pontianak-

Satker

Balikpapan,

Kementerian

Kelautan dan

Perikanan

KERAGAMAN JENIS DAN

DISTRIBUSI PANJANG IKAN HIU

YANG DIPERDAGANGKAN DI

WILAYAH BALIKPAPAN TAHUN

2016-2017

74

10 SRS/PMKL/2018/025

Aprizal Junaidi,

Sy Iwan T

Alkadrie, Abdul

Malik

Balai

Pengelolaan

Sumberdaya

Pesisir dan

Laut (BPSPL)

Pontianak

MENGENAL KEARIFAN LOKAL

NELAYAN BUGIS-MANDAR DI

KALIMANTAN SELATAN :

MEMBALAS BUDI INDO MBAU (HIU

PAUS)

11 SRS/PMKL/2018/026

Ricky, Hetty

Priyanti Efendi,

Ratih Tribuwana

Dhewi

BPSPL

Pontianak

Satker

Balikpapan

Trend Penangkapan Pari di

balikpapan tahun 2016 dan

tahun 2017

12 SRS/PMKL/2018/028 ricky, mursida

Satker

Balikpapan-

Balai

Pengelolaan

Sumberdaya

Pesisir dan

Laut

Pontianak

ragam spesies jenis ikan pari

yang di daratkan dan di

balikpapan kurun waktu tahun

2016

13 SRS/PMKL/2018/030 Rizky Karo Karo

Fakultas

Hukum,

Universitas

Pelita

Harapan

Pengawasan dan Pemberian

Sanksi Terhadap Pemilik

Restoran yang Menjual Daging

Ikan Hiu dan Pari di Indonesia

14 SRS/PMKL/2018/031 Alosius NumberiUniversitas

papua

PELUANG KEMUNCULAN HIU PAUS

(RHINCODON TYPUS) DI PERAIRAN

KWATISORE TAMAN NASIONAL

TELUK CENDERAWASIH

15 SRS/PMKL/2018/052

Muhammad

Ichsan, Benaya

M. Simeon, Efin

Muttaqin

Wildlife

Conservation

Society

PERIKANAN DAN PERDAGANGAN

HIU DAN PARI DI MALUKU UTARA:

Studi Kasus Halmahera Selatan

dan Morotai

16 SRS/PMKL/2018/053

Muhammad

Ghozaly Salim,

Mochamad Iqbal

Herwata Putra,

Erfian Raditiaz

Davinto

Misool

Foundation

PENILAIAN RESIKO BYCATCH PADA

PERIKANAN GILLNET SKALA-KECIL:

PERIKANAN HIU DAN PARI

MOBULIDS DI FLORES TIMUR

17 SRS/PMKL/2018/057

Kusnanto,

Yunias Jackson

Benu, Andi Kefi

WWF

Indonesia

Patroli laut dalam upaya

pengawasan lokasi dive site hiu

dan pari manta di Taman

Nasional Komodo

75

18 SRS/PMKL/2018/059

Yunias Jackson

Benu, Ande Kefi,

Ranny

Ramadhani,

Shinta, Vinni Nur

Balai Taman

Nasional

Komodo

Komparasi Valuasi Ekonomi

Antara Pemanfaatan Ekstraktif

dan Non Ekstraktif Spesies Hiu

dan Pari Manta di Taman

Nasional Komodo, Manggarai

Barat

19 SRS/PMKL/2018/064aUlfaricha Cahya

Happyalita

UIN Sunan

Kalijaga

Yogyakarta

Perbandingan Struktur Anatomi

dan Histolgi Organ Pencernaan

Ikan Hiu (Carcharhinus sp) dan

kan Pari (Dasyatis sp)

20 SRS/PMKL/2018/067 DIRGA DANIELWWF

INDONESIA

Kajian spasial distribusi hiu dan

ancaman tangkapan sampingan

dalam desain kawasan

konservasi perairan di

Kabupaten Sorong

21 SRS/PMKL/2018/067a Desi Arsita Yani

UIN Sunan

Kalijaga

Yogyakarta

STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI JANTUNG

IKAN PARI

22 SRS/PMKL/2018/069

Diana

Hernawati,

Mohamad Amin,

Mimien H.

Irawati, Sri E.

Indriwati, Diki

M. Chaidir, Vita

Meylani

Universitas

Siliwangi

POTENSI, PRODUKSI DAN UPAYA

KONSERVASI IKAN HIU DAN PARI DI

WILAYAH PANGANDARAN JAWA

BARAT

23 SRS/PMKL/2018/070Gulam Arafat,

Zarlin Rikola

Loka

Pengelolaan

Sumberdaya

Pesisir dan

Laut Sorong

STATUS PERDAGANGAN IKAN HIU

MARTIL (Sphyrna spp) DI WILAYAH

TIMUR INDONESIA

24 SRS/PMKL/2018/074Merci Fourte

Yusuf

Universitas

Pertamia

Pemanfaatan Pulau Satonda

Sebagai Pulau Karantina Hiu dan

Pari

25 SRS/PMKL/2018/084

DJUMADI

PARLUHUTAN,

Widayanti

Setyohadi

Hidayatulloh,

Djumadi

Parluhutan,

Iwan Setiawan

LOKA PSPL

SERANG,

KEMENTERIAN

KELAUTAN

DAN

PERIKANAN

DINAMIKA POPULASI

Carcharhinus falciformis dan

Alopias pelagicus YANG

DIDARATKAN DI PELABUHAN

PERIKANAN SAMUDERA (PPS)

CILACAP

76

26 SRS/PMKL/2018/087

Dimas Galang

Fergiawan,

Dhimas Amirul

Kusuma,

Darmawan

Ockto Sutjipto,

Arief Setyanto

Universitas

Brawijaya

KONDISI STATUS SUMBERDAYA

DAN STOK PERIKANAN HIU DAN

PARI DI PERAIRAN UTARA JAWA

TIMUR

27 SRS/PMKL/2018/090Moh Yasir, Audy

Sumendap

Balai

Pengelolaan

Sumberdaya

Pesisir dan

Laut

Makassar,

Wilker

Manado

PENDATAAN UKURAN SIRIP DADA

(PECTORAL FINS) HIU LANJAMAN

(Carcharhinus falciformis) YANG

DIPERDAGANGAKAN, DI SULAWESI

UTARA

28 SRS/PMKL/2018/091

Suadi, Dwi

Ariyogagautama

, Eko Setyobudi,

Faizal Rachman,

Djumanto,

Ranny

Ramadhani

Yuneni

Departemen

Perikanan

Universitas

Gadjah Mada

Socio-economic Aspect of Sharks

Fisheries and the Community

Perception on Their

Conservation in East Java,

Indonesia

29 SRS/PMKL/2018/107

Helmi Caesar,

Maria Ulfah, Edy

Miswar, Ranny

Ramadhani

Yuneni

Universitas

Syiah Kuala

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS, PARAMETER

BIOLOGI DAN STATUS KONSERVASI

HIU DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN

MUNCAR, KABUPATEN

BANYUWANGI

30 SRS/PMKL/2018/111

rahmadi

pratama

aritonang

Universitas

Airlangga

Mengurangi Permintaan Hiu dan

Pari: Mengkonstruksi Ulang

Perspektif Masyarakat Indonesia

dengan Tiongkok sebagai Acuan

77

31 SRS/PMKL/2018/112

Raissha Amanda

Siregar, Nurlita

Putri Anggraini,

Toufan

Phardana, Ester

Restiana,

Beginer Subhan,

Effin Muttaqin,

Benaya

Meitasari

Simeon,

Muhammad

Ichsan, Hawis

Maddupa

IPB

DNA BARCODING HIU TIKUS

(Alopias pelagicus) DI ACEH DAN

TANJUNG LUAR

32 SRS/PMKL/2018/115Ayu Laila

Fitriyani

Institut

Pertanian

Bogor

Konservasi Hiu Terintegrasi

Tracing Shark Technology

berbasis VMS Tag Sebagai Upaya

Pelestarian Populasi Hiu

Nasional

33 SRS/PMKL/2018/117

Andi Annisar

Dzati Iffah,

Muhammad

Farid Samawi,

Chair Rani,

Aidah Ambo Ala

Husain, Dewi Sri

Kurnia

Universitas

Hasanuddin

Skrining metabolit sekunder

pada sirip hiu Carcharhinus

melanopterus

34 SRS/PMKL/2018/124

Kevina

Rizkikamila,

Noviar

Andayani,

Djumadi

Parluhutan, Budi

Raharjo,

Nurmila Anwar,

Fitrian Dwi

Cahyo, Dani

Dasa Permana,

Yunita, Effin

Muttaqin,

Benaya

Meitasari

Simeon,

Muhammad

Institut

Pertanian

Bogor

DNA Barcoding spesies hiu yang

didaratkan di Pelabuhan

Perikanan Muara Baru

berdasarkan DNA mitokondria

78

35 SRS/PMKL/2018/125

Prawira A. R. P.

Tampubolon,

Roy Kurniawan,

Bram Setyadji

Loka Riset

Perikanan

Tuna

Komposisi Tangkapan dan

Sebaran Ukuran Hiu Pelagis pada

Perikanan Rawai Tuna di

Samudra Hindia

36 SRS/PMKL/2018/128

Omega Raya

Simarangkir,

Mahardika Rizqi

Himawan,

Casandra Tania,

Khairul Anwar,

Shane Bennett

Sekolah Tinggi

Pertanian

(STIPER) Kutai

Timur

Fenomena Lalu Lintas

Pergerakan Hiu Paus di Perairan

Kutai Timur, Indikasi Habitat

Penting?

37 SRS/PMKL/2018/129

MUHAMMAD

FARID

BURHANUDIN

UNIVERSITAS

TELKOM

INTEGRASI PERAN PADA WISATA

HIU: MODEL BISNIS EKOWISATA

DAYA TARIK HIU DI PULAU TINABO

TAKABONERATE

38 SRS/PMKL/2018/130

Nike Ika Nuzula,

Daniel M.

Rosyid, Haryo D.

Armono

Institut

Teknologi

Sepuluh

Nopember

Model Pariwisata Hiu Sebagai

Alternatif Strategi Pengelolaan

Ekowisata Pesisir Di Taman

Nasional Baluran, Indonesia

39 SRS/PMKL/2018/131

Diki Muhamad

Chaidir, Diana

Hernawati, Vita

Meylani, Rinaldi

Rizal Putra

Universitas

Siliwangi

PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL

DAN WISAWATAN TERHADAP HIU

DAN PARI SERTA PELESTARIANNYA

DI WILAYAH PANTAI BATU KARAS –

PANGANDARAN

40 SRS/PMKL/2018/132Akhmad Tri

Prasetyo

Universitas

Sriwijaya

Kaloborasi Pemerintah dan

Nelayan dalam Mambentuk

Wilayah Konservasi Ikan Hiu

41 SRS/PMKL/2018/134a WijoprionoPusat Riset

Perikanan

JENIS, KELIMPAHAN DAN

DISTRIBUSI UKURAN HIU PADA

PERIKANAN GILLNET DI PANTAI

UTARA JAWA TENGAH

42 SRS/PMKL/2018/136a

Priyo Suharsono

Sulaiman, Mufti

Petala Patria,

Rauf Achmad

Sue

Pusat Riset

Perikanan

BY-CATCH HIU TANGKAPAN

PANCING RAWAI TUNA DI

SAMUDERA HINDIA

SELATAN JAWA

43 SRS/PMKL/2018/143aAgus Cahyadi

dan Dharmadi

Pusat Riset

Perikanan

STUDI PEREKAMAN SUARA ALAT

BANTU TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI

ATRAKTOR IKAN HIU

79

44 SRS/PMKL/2018/514

Aristi Dian

Purnama Fitri,

Boesono H,

Prihantoko K E,

Gautama D Y

Diponegoro

University

Study Electro Shield System (ESS)

On Sharks And Rays Captures On

Liong Bun (Set Gill Net) In Bangka

Belitung Waters, Indonesia

45 SRS/PMKL/2018/517

Ranny

Ramadhani

Yuneni,

Dharmadi,

Adrian Damora,

Dwi

Ariyogagautama

WWF

Indonesia

Species Composition and CPUE of

Listed Sharks on Appendix II CITES

Were Caught In Indonesian

Waters

46 SRS/PMKL/2018/519

MOCHAMAD

RUDYANSYAH

ISMAIL

Universitas

Padjajaran

Potensi Lestari Perikanan Hiu

yang didaratkan di PPI

Karangsong

47 SRS/PMKL/2018/523aAryanto

Sudjarwo

Yayasan Dian

Mandala ,

Yogyakarta –

Indonesia

UTILIZATION OF SHARKS AND RAYS

SKIN

IN COASTAL AREA DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM

80

SRS/PMKL/2018/007

SHARK AND RAYS FISH MANAGEMENT THROUGH INDONESIAN COASTAL EDUCATION

Nanda Satria*, Dara Fitria Munzaki** *Pascasarjana Geografi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

**Pascasarjana Bahasa Inggris Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The wealth of the sea is one of the biggest boon for the people of Indonesia which should be maintained and conserved. But the high human activity causing vulnerability to biological natural resources, one of the sharks and Rays. Sharks and Rays was sea life are endangered due to illegal trade. This happens because of a lack of knowledge through the education of maritime and nautical love soul in Indonesia among the public. This research aims to provide an understanding of biodiversity in particular sharks and Rays on learners in the school of the Indonesian Coastal Education. This research method using secondary data in the form of study literature from various sources such as books, journals, and other resources on the Internet. The study of literature namely gathering secondary data that is relevant to the topic of the study of the literature. The results of this research will make management sharks and Rays through education particularly in the Indonesian Coastal Education. In the SPI learning created highly interactive method 4A (Observe, analysis, Teaching and action), so the sharks and Rays in the material later students are invited to do the real observations, analyzing the number of sharks and rays that dollars are traded, making a material for given understanding to the fishermen and communities as well as do real action to rescue the sharks and Rays.

Keyword : Effort, management, shark and rays, indonesian coastal education

SRS/PMKL/2018/015

THE LEVEL AND MODE OF DISTRIBUTION OF SHARK SPECIES UTILIZATION IN BALI PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Grace Easteriia*, Ranny R. Yuneni**

*Universitas Gajah Mada ** WWF-Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Shark has an important role as the top predator that regulates the balance and regulates the ecosystem. However, the high trade of shark fishing caused the population decreased significantly. This research aims are constructed to understand the level of shark utilization and trading distribution of shark product through Cargo Company in Bali, conducted in 2016. Result from the research showed that the highest utilization of shark meat (43%), head (30%), and fins (27%) with estimation added 150-300 portion per month. There were 53% of all Cargo Company that still allowed the product distribution from the shark catch (13% of them allowed with a requirement), especially dried fins. The various price of shark product ranged between 5,000-10,000 per/kg (meat) and fin can reach 1,5 million/kg. The shark utilization comes from shark fishing by fisherman in or outside of Bali. But, the shark product traceability very unclear which notably related to endangered species. Keyword : Shark catching, utilization, shark fin, distribution, trading



81

SRS/PMKL/2018/016

FINDING REPORT OF Lamna nasus SPECIES ON SHARK AND RAY INDENTIFICATION IN SATKER DKI JAKARTA

Nurmila Anwar*

*Satker DKI Loka Pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut serang Ditjen Pengelolaan Ruang Laut * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Is generally known that the shark species, Lamna nasus, are known as sharks that live in cold waters to intermediate waters in the northern Atlantic and southern hemisphere. This makes the opinion that Lamna nasus species are not found in Indonesian waters. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the existence of Lamna nasus sharks in Indonesia obtained through the Identification Shark and ray species on BAP activities in Satker DKI, LPSPL Serang. The data obtained are the number and frequency of Lamna nasus fin findings during activity from 2016-2018 Research subjects are all shark and ray products and exporters that require recommendation and pre-export checks by LPSPL Serang and also through traceability interviews to the owner of the product. The study sample was Shark Fins that were identified by mophologically as Lamna nasus Species. The data were analyzed descriptively by literature study method . And based on the specific features/charakteristics found in the data collection of fin identification, it can be concluded that Species lamna nasus is also found in the waters of southern Indonesia bordering Indo-Australian waters. Keyword : Lamna nasus, shark and stingrays

SRS/PMKL/2018/018a

PERBANDINGAN SIRIP DENGAN BERAT TUBUH TOTAL IKAN HIU DARI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA CILACAP

Trijoko*, L.R. Apriliyani

* Universitas Gadjah Mada *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Anggota Chondricthyes yang banyak dikenal adalah jenis Hiu dan Pari, yang siripnya dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan ataupun obat, mempunyai harga yang tinggi. Tingginya harga sirip ikan hiu ini mendorong terjadinya penangkapan ikan hiu yang berlebih, menyebabkan terancamnya pupulasi ikan hiu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proporsi perbandingan berat sirip ikan hiu dengan berat total tubuhnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan dan April 2011 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap (PPSC). Berat total setiap jenis ikan hiu yang didaratakan, ditimbang total kemudian sirip siripnya dipotong, dipisahkan dan ditmbang. Analisa yang dilakukan dengan pembandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 7 jenis ikan hiu didaratkan di PPSC. Perbandingan berat sirip dan berat total ketujuh jenis ikan hiu bervariasi, dengan rerata 1 : 20. Alopias pelagicus mempunyai perbandingan berat sirip dan berat tubuh yang paling kecil yaitu 1: 17 dan Carharhinus faciformis mempunyai perbanding yang terbesar 1 : 24. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan sirip sangat tidak efisien.

Keyword : -



82

SRS/PMKL/2018/019

DIVERSITY OF SHARKS TYPES ON BANGKA ISLAND

Septi Setia Utama* * Universitas Bangka Belitung

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT The impact of sharks fishing that has exceeded the threshold is threatening its sustanability. Sharks

act as the top predator in the food chain and maintain a balance of marine ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance, diversity and sharks sex ratio of landed on the Bangka Island. Data collection was conducted in March to May 2017 in Sungailiat Fishing center, Pangkalpinang, and Kurau. The analysis used is descriptive analysis to know the diversityof fish species, where relative abundance refers to Krebs, 1978, sex ratio refers to Setiawn et al, 2015. The sharks species found on Bangka Island are Sharks Mejan ( Rhyncobatus australia), Isap Shark (Chiloseyllium punctatum), Umbut Sharks (Carcharhinus dussumieri), Punai Sharksc(Carcharhinus melanopterus), Barong Sharks (Rhina ancylostoma), Martil Sharks (Sphyra zygaena), Belimbing Sharks (Stegostomitidae), Tenggiri Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier), and Kiu-kiu Sharks (Rhinobatos sp). The highest relative abuindance was found in th types of Isap Shark (Chiloseyllium punctatum) which is 66.17% and the lowest relative abundance found in the type of Tenggiri Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) which 0,05%. The sex ratio in Sungailiat and Pangkalpinanh Fishing Center is doinated by male individual. Overall, if the sex ratio of all sharks is combined with male sex ratio, the result shows that it is more dominant that female with ratio 60:40 Keyword : Diversity, abundance, sex ratio, sharks, bangka

SRS/PMKL/2018/021

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SHARK IN THE ARAFURA SEA

Nurulludin*, Rudi Masuswo Purwoko*, Enjah Rahmat**, Asep Priatna* *Pusat Riset Perikanan **Balai Riset Perikanan Laut ***Balai Riset Perikanan

*[email protected]

ABSTRAK Sharks are the main by-catch of trawlers in the Arafura Sea. This research aims to provide information

on species composition, size distribution and distribution area of shark caught by trawlers in the Arafura Sea. The exploratoty research was conducted by Baruna Jaya IV Research Vessel (1200 GT) using the trawler in October 2016 by setup 26 stations. The result recorded 112 shark, consisting of 10 species from five families. There is four dominant species caught, namely Carcharhinus brevipinna 27,8%, Mustelus manazo 27,68%, Carcharhinus dussumieri 17,47% and Spyrna zygaena 0,18%. Carcharhinidae was dominated the catches that range between 35.5 to 90 cm, Hemigalidae 45-76 cm, Spyrnidae 37 - 45 cm, and Triakidae 31.5-85 cm. The maturity level of male shark is mainlu in the mature stage. Sharks caught on a research station located in the southeast of Cape Ngabor, Southeast of Batugoyang Island, East of Aru Islands, and Southeast of Canberra Island.

Keyword : Species, size distribution, shark, trawl, arafura sea



83

SRS/PMKL/2018/022

DISTRIBUTION OF WHALE SHARK POPULATION (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) IN KWATISORE WATERS, NABIRE DISTRICT, PAPUA PROVINCE

Sampari S. Suruan*, Mohammad M. Kamal*, Roni Bawole**, Casandra Tania***

*Institut Pertanian Bogor **Universitas Papua ***WWF-Indonesia *[email protected]

ABSTRACT The study of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) was conducted in the waters of Kwatisore, part of the Cenderawasih Bay National Park (CTNP), Papua, Indonesia. Field observations were conducted for 4 months, starting from September to December 2016. The objective of the study was to look at the distribution of whale shark populations based on weather conditions, time, feeding activity, and location of occurrence. The collecting of whale shark data was done by direct observation method which was divided into 2 observation time, that is direct observation by researchers between 06.00-17.59 WIT and indirect observation by lift net fisherman between 18.00-05.59 WIT. The distribution of whale sharks will be analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS) through digitization process and overlay based on coordinate point. the emergence of whale sharks when seen on the surface of the water. The occurrence of whale sharks based on time is analyzed and displayed in the form of histograms, by looking at the relationship of occurrence frequencies based on observation time. The results of observation and data analysis showed that the frequency of whale shark emergence at 06.00-11.59 WIT is much higher than at 00.00-05.59 WIT that is 148:18 times. The low frequency of occurrence of this fish at night due in every observation at night, it is difficult to find individual whale sharks that appear on the surface. Whale sharks are more visible when the weather is sunny, compared to cloudy or rainy days. The results showed that 64% of whale sharks appeared on. Keyword : Population R. Typus, distribution, Kwatisore

84

SRS/PMKL/2018/023

TRADES TREND OF AQUARIUM SHARKS IN BALIKPAPAN DURING 2016-2017 PERIOD

Ratih Tribuwana Dhewi*, Hetty Priyanti Efendi* *BPSPL PONTIANAK - SATKER BALIKPAPAN

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT Sharks catching by fishermen from year to year has increased in line with the high market demand.

In addition to shark fin products, sharks bacon, marinated sharks, and fresh shark meat, currently live shark commodity for the aquarium is pretty much in demand. Based on the data of shark and rays trade traffic recommendation by BPSPL Pontianak particularly in Satker Balikpapan, in the period 2016-2017, there were 225 sharks of 5 species being trafficked out of Balikpapan. In 2016 there were 50 sharks of 4 species, Carcharhinus melanopterus, Stegostoma fasciatum, Hemigaleus microstoma, and Triaenodon obesus. 52% dominated by Stegostoma fasciatum with lenght distribution 90 – 105 cm became the most traded. Length distribution of Stegostoma fasciatum can be categorized as tend to mature. And in 2017 has increased as 175 sharks reef consisting of Carcharhinus melanopterus, Stegostoma fasciatum, Triaenodon obesus, dan Nebrius ferrugineus. The most widely traded species is Carcharhinus melanopterus with a percentage of 66% or 115 sharks and length distribution 44 - 48 cm. This length can be categorized as size of born sharks. In two years, the aquarium sharks are marketed to the regions in Indonesia especially Jakarta, Makassar and Denpasar and in 2016 some species exported to Malaysia. Based on interviews with business owners, the price of this real shark ranges from 4-5 million rupiah per shark for local area and its value will be higher if sold abroad.

Keyword : Sharks, Aquarium, Trade, Stegostoma fasciatum, Carcharhinus melanopterus


85

SRS/PMKL/2018/024

SPECIES DIVERSITY AND LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF SHARKS TRADED IN BALIKPAPAN PERIOD 2016 -2017

Hetty Priyanti Efendi*, Ratih Tribuwana Dhewi* *BPSPL PONTIANAK - SATKER BALIKPAPAN

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT Nowadays sharks fishing tend to increase and evolving, either as the main target and bycatch. While

on the other hand, sharks are key predators in marine ecosystems as well as maintaining ecosystem balance. To support sustainable shark fisheries management efforts, Satker Balikpapan, BPSPL Pontianak has documented sharks database that are traded in Balikpapan during 2016 and 2017. Methods used include species identification, measurement and documentation on sharks trade trafic in Balikpapan. The number of shark species traded in Balikpapan in 2016 are 24 species, 4 ordos, and 8 families, while in 2017are 46 species, 4 ordos and 12 families. Total number of sharks traded in 2016 as 95.195,7 kg (10.361 sharks) and increased in 2017 as 147.793 kg (19.094 sharks). The dominant species of sharks which are traded 2016 is Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (21.79%) with lenght distribution 71 – 86 cm, Carcharhinus dussumieri (17.17%) lenght distribution 82-85 cm, Sphyrna lewini (12.81%) with lenght distribution 50-57 cm. While in 2017 is Carcharhinus dussumieri (21.48%) with lenght distribution 72-75 cm, Sphyrna lewini (11.17 %) lenght distribution 50-72 cm, Carcharhinus sorrah (10.40 %) lenght distribution 59-67 cm. In 2017, 28 species (1.798.6 kg/1326 specimen) which are traded listed as juvenile with dominant species Sphyrna lewini 27.52%, Carcharhinus brevipinna 15.38%, Carcharhinus falciformis 14.10%, Carcharhinus sorrah 9.42 %, Carcharhinus dussumieri 4.6 %. Keyword : Species, Shark, Balikpapan, Lenght, Juvenil

86

SRS/PMKL/2018/025

BUGINESE-MANDAR FISHERMEN'S LOCAL WISDOM IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN HOW TO SHOW GRATITUDE TO INDO MBAU (WHALE SHARK)

Aprizal Junaidi*,Sy Iwan T Alkadrie*, Abdul Malik**

*BPSPL Pontianak **LSM PAMALI *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

For Buginese and Mandar fisherman in Tanah Bumbu and Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. Mangngiwang Bitti / Mangngiwang Cangngo / Bangngiheng Dongo / Indo Bwau a local names commonly used by them to describe the whale shark (Rhincodon Typus) which is a species of fish that they are highly respected. It is based on the belief of the Buginese and Mandar fishermen that their ancestors have been saved by the whale shark. Therefore the appearance of a whale shark in their area, has a very important meaning for them. As a sense of thankfulness because their ancestors have been saved by the whale shark, when they see a whale shark while fishing at sea, they will not hesitate to feed the fish and touched it while ' bertawasul ' pray to the Allah, for abundant fish catches. The whale shark also they believe as ' indo bwau ' meaning it the mother of fish, thus becoming pamali to catch indo bwau or they will get tulah that is bad luck will happen to their families and the catches will stagnate if they defy the pamali. To paying gratitude and belief in to the whale shark as indo bwau that they believed for long time, has become a local wisdom for local fisherman that still continues until now, and indirectly became part of whales shark conservation efforts that we currently know the existence already endangered. Keyword : Local Wisdom, Whale Shark Conservation, Buginese Mandar Fisherman, South Kalimantan

SRS/PMKL/2018/026

TRENDS OF RAYS FISHING AT BALIKPAPAN PERIOD OF 2016 AND 2017

Ricky*, Hetty Priyanti Efendi*, Ratih Tribuwana Dhewi* *BPSPL PONTIANAK - SATKER BALIKPAPAN

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT Improved stingrays catching trends, both as primary targets and by-catch. While on the other hand,

stingrays generally occupy the top position in the food chain in the sea and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. To support sustainable ongoing ray fisheries management, the Balikpapan Satker, BPSPL Pontianak has conducted a ray data processing which is traded in Balikpapan area during 2016 and 2017. Methods of data collection through identification of species, measurement and documentation on shark trade traffic activities in Balikpapan. The number of stingrays traded in Balikpapan in 2016 are 24 species from 4 nations and 8 tribes while in 2017 there are 21 species. The total quantity of Meat traded in 2017 = 16,421.03 kg and 2016 = 50,833.38 kg, Fin in 2017 = 1,258.85kg and 2016 = 1,070.61 kg, stingray year 2017 = 3,950.09 kg and year 2016 = 2,512,26 kg, while new stingrays are traded in 2017 as much as = 220,89 kg. found also for the still juvenile rays to trade with a value of 96 tails. The trending trends are also influenced by the weather and the catching fishermen. Keyword : Species, stingray, Balikpapan, trade, fishing, juvenil



87

SRS/PMKL/2018/028

VARIETY OF SPECIES OF STINGRAYS CATCHER IN BALIKPAPAN PERIOD 2016 AND 2017

Ricky*, Mursida*

*BPSPL PONTIANAK - SATKER BALIKPAPAN *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Stingrays catching now is trends, both as primary targets and by-catch. While on the other hand, stingrays generally occupy the top position in the food chain in the sea and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. To support sustainable ongoing ray fisheries management, the Balikpapan Satker, BPSPL Pontianak has conducted a ray data processing which is traded in Balikpapan area during 2016 and 2017. Methods of data collection through identification of species, measurement and documentation on shark trade traffic activities in Balikpapan. The number of stingrays traded in Balikpapan in 2016 are 24 species from 4 nations and 8 tribes while in 2017 there are 21 species. The total quantity of Meat traded in 2017 = 16,421.03 kg and 2016 = 50,833.38 kg, Fin in 2017 = 1,258.85kg and 2016 = 1,070.61 kg, stingray year 2017 = 3,950.09 kg and year 2016 = 2,512,26 kg, while new stingrays are traded in 2017 as much as = 220,89 kg. found also for the still juvenile rays to trade with a value of 96 tails. Keyword : stingrays, spesies, protected

SRS/PMKL/2018/030

SUPERVISION AND SANCTION AGAINST RESTAURANT OWNERS WHO SELLING SHARK AND PARI MEAT IN INDONESIA

Rizky Karo Karo*

*Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pelita Harapan *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sharks, and Stingrays are animals which protected by law in Indonesia. Based on Article 21 Paragraph (2) Letter D of Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems, it is stipulated that everyone is prohibited to trade, store, or possess skin, body or other parts of protected animals or goods which is made from parts of the animal or removes it from somewhere in Indonesia to another place inside or outside Indonesia, and if a person is proven to be infringing then under Article 40 Paragraph (2), shall be subject to imprisonment of a maximum of 5 (five) years , and a fine of not more than Rp.100,000,000 (one hundred million rupiah). Today, however, Indonesian restaurant owners still sell shark and stingrays as their best restaurant menu, and consumers eat it for various reasons, for example, reflecting high social status, the issue that shark meat is beneficial to health. The results of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) survey as quoted from the website wwf.or.id (dated 30 January 2017), showed that shark fin consumption in restaurants in Jakarta decreased by 20.32 percent to 12,622kg shark fins in one year , from 15,840kg in 2014. Supervision, and sanctions against restaurant owners who sell shark and stingray meat should be made by officer at the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. The sanctions applied can be large fines, revocation of restaurant business permits. This should be done so that the population. Keyword : Supervision, sanctions , restaurant owners Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) Ikan Hiu dan Ikan Pari, Law


88

SRS/PMKL/2018/031

THE OPPORTUNITY OF APPEARANCE WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) IN THE KWATISORE WATERS OF CENDERAWASIH BAY

Alosius Numberi*

*Univeristas Papua *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The waters of Kwatisore is one of the areas within the Cendrawasih Bay National Park (TNTC) which is home to the aggregation of whale sharks, where its presence is found year-round. This is a different tourism potential with some waters in the world that are seasonal, however the presence of whale sharks in these waters is often changed in relation to the amount and time of attendance. So, these conditions it is necessary to research about the probability of emergence of whale sharks based on the behavior of whale sharks and the characteristics of this fish season in the waters of Kwatisore. The purpose of this study is to analyze the probability of whale shark appearance. period February - June and October - November periods where the highest peak occurrence is seen in May and November. The appearance of whale sharks is thought to be closely related to the bagan (fish-trapping construction).

Keyword : kwatisore TNTC, Whale Shark, the opportunity of appearance

SRS/PMKL/2018/052

SHARK AND RAYS FISHERIES AND TRADE IN NORTH MALUKU: STUDY CASE OF SOUTH HALMAHERA AND MOROTAI

Muhammad Ichsan*, Benaya M. Simeon*, Efin Muttaqin*

*Wildlife Conservation Society *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

One of the regions of shark and ray resources in Indonesia is in North Maluku Province waters under the Fisheries Management Area of Republic of Indonesia (WPP-RI) 715 and 716. However, even though it is well-known for its rich shark and ray resources, information about shark and ray fisheries and trade in this region is still very limited. The aim of the survey is to map the location and to identify the fisheries and trade characteristic of shark and ray products in two North Maluku regencies. The methods used in this survey include interviews and observation conducted in August 2017 in South Halmahera and Morotai Island Regency. Targeted shark and ray fisheries were practiced by fishermen from Mano village, Gomumu Island, of South Halmahera regency using 48 vessels with main fishing ground in Halmahera and Papua waters; and the fishers from Posi-posi and Leo-Leo Village of Rao Island, Morotai Island Regency using 12 vessels within the main fishing ground in northern Morotai waters. It was recorded that there were two traders of shark and ray products in Morotai Island Regency, and seven traders in South Halmahera Regency with shark fin and meat as the main commodities. The products were sent by means of sea transportation destined to Manado, Surabaya, Bau-Bau and Makassar for fin and Jakarta for the meat. We expect that the information gained from this survey may become the basis to manage shark and ray fishery and trade in Indonesia, particularly in North Maluku Province. Keyword : Shark, Rays, Fisheries Trade, North Maluku



89

SRS/PMKL/2018/053

BYCATCH RISK ASSESSMENT ON SMALL-SCALE GILLNET FISHERY: SHARK AND MOBULIDS RAY FISHERY IN EAST FLORES

Muhammad Ghozaly Salim*, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra**, Erfian Raditiaz Davinto***

* Adjunct Researcher Misool Foundation **Misool Foundation ***Universitas Diponegoro *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Since the last few decades, study of fishing-gear interaction with species are growing rapidly. Not infrequently, bycatch of endangered species has driven by the fishing-gear interaction which not selective and threaten the sustainability of their population in nature. Sharks and mobulids ray mortality in fishing gear is one of the global conservation issues and recognized as a bycatch product from the gillnet fishery. Here, we conduct an assessment on bycatch risk of the small-scale gillnet fishery in East Flores Waters to 99 gillnet fishermen in 27 coastal villages of East Flores. Semi-quantitative methods through structured questionnaires were used in this study, we emphasize 4 assessment indicators (i.e. resource sustainability, fishing practices, socioeconomic, and conservation perspectives). The results is a shark and mobulids landing contribute 16% of catch composition in gillnet-fishery annually. Sharks (296 individuals) became the largest commodity bycatch in gillnet-fisheries, followed by mobulids ray (253 individuals), and whale sharks (13 individuals). The operation of gillnet-fishery, which covers 75% of East Flores waters is causes of the high-overlapping of fishing gear with the habitats that increase bycatch probability of shark and mobulids ray in these regions. The socioeconomic aspect of shark and mobulids demonstrate, shark and ray products have high-economic value, where the dry-meat of shark and mobulids ray can reach up to IDR 120,000 per-bundle. However, with the increasing the surveillance effort and community-empowerment in these regions has increased the fishermen awareness on species protection and conservation efforts. Bycatch mitigation efforts on protected species are needed for further management effort.

Keyword : Shark, Ray, Fishing gear interaction, bycatch, gillnet, conservation


90

SRS/PMKL/2018/057

MARINE PATROL IN AN EFFORT TO SUPERVISION LOCATION DIVE SITE THE SHARK AND MANTA IN KOMODO

Kusnanto*, Yuinias Jackson Benu**, Andi Kefi**

*WWF-Indonesia **Balai Taman Nasional Komodo *[email protected]@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Komodo National Park (KNP) is designated as National Tourism Development Zone, National Tourism Destination, and National Tourism Strategy Area, based on Government Regulation No. 50 Year 2011. The visit of 2017 amounts to 119,599 visits. The entire area of KNP is a priority. In response to the regulation, Komodo National Park and Diver Community Operator Komodo (DOCK) cooperate for the protection and protection of KNP waters area. Komodo National Park waters area is generally divided into 4 zoning, there are marine protection area, marine traditional utilization, marine tourism utilization and pelagic zone. The form of cooperation is a joint patrol that becomes the role model of KNP as one of the efforts to create effective area management. This cooperation also use social media as a communication tool between the managers and users of the region. The purpose of this collaboration is to protect and safeguard the waters of KNP following exotic biota such as sharks and manta rays. During the period of June 2017 to January 2018, there were 146 violations in KNP and surrounding areas. Recorded 107 violations at shark and manta rays diving sites. Anchoring (33.5%) and fishing in prohibite zones (24.6%) were the majority of violations found. The perpetrators of the violation are given warning and direct reprimand from TNK officer and related partner. Activity among users of TNK's tourism area also play a role to supervise each other and try to maintain the conducive of KNP. This cooperation needs to be improved. Keyword : Cooperation, DOCK, KNP, Patrol, zone, shark

mailto:[email protected]@gmail.com

91

SRS/PMKL/2018/059

COMPARATION OF ECONOMIC VALUE BETWEEN EXTRACTIVE AND NON-EXTRACTIVE UTILIZATION ON SHARK

AND MANTA RAYS SPECIES IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK, WEST MANGGARAI REGENCY

Yunias Jackson Benu*, Andi Kefi*, Ranny Ramadhani**, Shinta***, Vinni Nur**

*Balai Taman Nasional Komodo **WWF-Indonesia ***Universitas Surya *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Komodo National Park is located on Coral Triangle Area that have very high biodiversity of species and its habitat. There are 253 species of coral reef and other species such as fishes, dugong, whale, dophins, and sea turtle. The riches of biodiversity make Komodo National Park be interesting attraction for visitors. Beside Komodo, the beauty of underwater also be allure for divers, because there are some dive spots for sharks and manta ray where around 60% respondent of 403 in total state they will not coming back to Komodo National Park if the shark and manta rays are not exist anymore. In Addition, Komodo NP is not only for underwater utilization, but also for fisheries exploitation by fishermen around Manggarai Barat. Both of those sectors increase standar of living economically. Diving as non-extractive activity produces around 845 Billion IDR per year with 78,49% dive visit of 107.711 visits in 2016. In other hand, shark and ray fisheries as bycatch with average catch about 187 individ/month that at least has 4 supply chains between fishermen to consumers with the price around 10.000 – 30.000 IDR per individu, so economic value for extractive utilization just only 68,4 Million IDR per year. The comparation is 1:7500 times of lived sharks and rays are more beneficial than died sharks and rays where Manggarai Barat will loss their income around 42 Billion per month. Nature resources should be useful for all stakeholders in Manggarai Barat for fisheries and tourism with effective management of Komodo National Park.

Keyword : -


92

SRS/PMKL/2018/064a

PERBANDINGAN STRUKTUR ANATOMI DAN HISTOLGI ORGAN PENCERNAAN IKAN HIU (Carcharhinus sp) DAN KAN PARI (Dasyatis sp)

Ulfaricha Cahya Happyalita*

* UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Ikan hiu dan ikan pari merupakan anggota dari subkelas Elasmobranchii. Meskipun masuk kedalam satu subkelas yang sama kedua ikan tersebut memiliki bentuk yang sangat berbeda.Ikan hiu dan ikan pari juga memiliki kebiasaan makan yang berbeda, kebiasaan makan tersebut dapat pula berpengaruk kepada bentuk dan struktur anatoi maupun histologi organ pencernaan kedua spesies tersebut. Organ pencernaan lambung, usus, dan hati dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui perbandingan secara anatomi maupun histologi sistem pencernaan ikan hiu dan ikan pari. Penelitian ini menggunakan ikan hiu dan ikan pari yang diambil di pantai Selatan Yogyakarta, dilakukan pengamatan secara anatomi dan histologi. Metode histoloi yang digunakan adalah metode parafin dan pewarnaan menggunakanHematxylin dan Eusin. Ikan hiu memiliki struktur saluran pencernaan yang lebih pendek dibanding ikan pari, oleh sebab itu ikan hiu memiliki spiral valve yang terdapat pada organ lambung yang berfungsi untuk memperlama proses pencernaan pada saluran pencernaan yang pendek. Ikah hiu memiliki lambung berbentuk –J, sedangkan ikan pari memiliki lambung berbetuk – U. Ikan hiu memiliki bentuk anatomi hati yang lebih besar dibanding ikan pari, hal ini erat kaitannya dengan kebiasaan makan kedua spesies tersebut. Ikan hiu mencari makan dengan cara berenang mengelilingi lautan unntuk mendapatkan mangsanya, sehingga ikan hiu membutuhkan hati yang berukuran lebih besar yang berfungsi sebagai penyimpanan energi, berbeda dengan ikan pari yangg mencari makan dengan berendam di dasar laut. Secara histologi bentuk dan ukuran sel yang menyusun merupakan perbedaan utama yang dapat terlihat secara mikroskopis

SRS/PMKL/2018/067

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SHARK DISTRIBUTION AND BYCATCH IN MARINE PROTECTED AREA DESIGN OF SOUTH SORONG REGENCY

Dirga Daniel*

*WWF-Indonesia * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Capture fisheries is the largest utilization of marine resources in South Sorong Regency. Unfortunately, this become one of the most serious threats to decrease of shark population because the considerable number of shark bycatch. Analysis of threat location for shark habitat is needed as recommendation for Marine Protected Area initiation in South Sorong Regency. Distribution of shark and bycatch location gathered during baseline survey with participatory mapping and fisheries data collection and fish landing data and remote sensing analysis. Major fishing ground was identified in Warunggei Estuary in Konda District and shoreline of Inanwatan District. Then shark bycatch area from participatory mapping was overlay to generate potential bycatch area. Spatial analysis related to oceanographic parameter and systematic conservation planning using Marxan clearly show Konda District in estuary area cover 531 hectares and north of Tanjung Lampu in Inanwatan District cover 310 hectares as the most threatened area for shark bycatch in South Sorong. Fisheries regulation and core zone establishment in this area is urgent to reduce the threaten of shark bycatch in South Sorong.

Keyword : spatial, shark, South Sorong


93

SRS/PMKL/2018/067a

STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI JANTUNG IKAN PARI

Desi Arsita Yani * * UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

*[email protected]

ABSTRAK Ikan pari termasuk ke dalam sub kelas Elesmobranchii atau yang sering diistilahkan sebagai ikan

bertulang rawan. Jantung merupakan salah satu organ sirkulasi pada ikan yang berfungsi untuk memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh. Sistem sirkulasi ikan berupa system peredaran darah tertutup dan peredaran darah tunggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur histology jantung ikan pari. Ikan yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini merupakan ikan pari kupu-kupu Gymnurapoecilura yang didapat dari Pantai Depok, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengamatan struktur jantung ikan pari terdiri dari epikardium, endokardium, miokardium, selotot, daninti sel. Epikardium merupakan lapisan terluar jantung yang dilapisi oleh jaringan sebagai pelindung jantung. Endokardium lapisan dalam dilapisi sel epitel. Miokardium lapisan tengah dinding jantung. Sel otot polos merupakan jantung otot. Inti sel biasanya terdapat pada selotot polos. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan, jantung ikan pari tersebut tidak mengalami kelainan atau kerusakan sehingga pantai Depok ini dapat dikatakan layak untuk dijadikan habitat dari ikan pari tersebut. Selain itu, pantai Depok ini belum banyak mengalami pencemaran bahan-bahan yang berbahaya. Oleh karena itu, Pantai Depok ini masih dikatakan aman untuk dijadikan habitat para ikan-ikan yang hidup disana.

SRS/PMKL/2018/069

POTENTIAL, PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION EFFORT OF SHARK AND RAY IN THE PANGANDARAN AREA-WEST JAVA

Diana Hernawati*, Mohamad Amin**, Mimien H Irawati**, Sri E. Indriwati**,

Diki M. Chaidir*, Vita Meylani*

*Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Siliwangi **Pendidikan Biologi, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Malang

[email protected]

ABSTRACT The catching and hunting of shark and stingray are still occurring today in Indonesia especially in

Pangandaran area, West Java Province. consumption of sharks and rays still exist even though various rules and regulations have been socialized to the community, especially fishermen for protected species of fish. This research is aimed to know the potential and production of shark and ray in Pangandaran area. Methods of data collection conducted by interviews and direct observation in the market and place of fish auction that exist in some areas of Pangandaran. The results showed that some sharks and stingrays were found in Pangadaran, among others monkey sharks, blackfin sharks, whale sharks, whitefin sharks, hammerhead sharks, oil rays, cingir rays, stingrays, butterfly/bat rays, rays pointed nose and manta rays. Not all shark and ray species are caught by fishermen, some fishermen already know protected species such as monkey sharks, whale sharks and manta sharks. The selling price of sharks and rays is around IDR 25,000-40,000/kilogram. During this time in traditional markets, sharks and rays are sold in the form of raw meat, parts (fins) and in the form of smoked fish. Until now, there is no special institution or organization that limits the number of shark and ray catches in Pangandaran area. So, then there should be protection in the form of rules, regulations and socialization about the conservation of these animals.

Keyword : conservation, effort local potential, production, Pangandaran, ray, shark



94

SRS/PMKL/2018/070

TRADE OF HAMMERHEAD SHARKS (Sphyrna Spp) IN THE EASTERN TERRITORY OF INDONESIA

Gulam Arafat*, Zarlin Rikola*

*Loka PSPL Sorong *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

"The 16th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora in Bangkok on March 2013 has decided to put 3 hammerhead shark species (Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna zygaena dan Sphyrna mokkaran) into Appendix II CITES. Indonesian Government has issued regulation of minister fisheries and marine affairs number 59 of 2014 on the export prohibition of hammerhead shark and oceanic whitetip shark. Loka PSPL Sorong has been recording data on shark fin shipment in East Indonesia since 2015. On 2015, 2016 and 2017 there were 31, 152 and 259 shark fin shipment that has been record. Shark fin shipment destination from Sorong were to Jakarta, Surabaya and Makassar. Hammerhead shark fin shipment from Sorong also increased in comparison from the total shark fin shipment. On 2015 there were only 0.18% hammerhead shark fin from the total shark fin shipment. This number increased on 2016 to 0.52% and 2017 to 6.2%. Hammerhead shark fin exploitation increased in the last 3 years is due to regulation that has not restrict domestic shark fin shipment and the selling value of hammerhead shark fin is higher than other shark species. Based on 2017 financial analysis of shark fishery bussines in Sorong, hammerhead shark fin contributed 5.78% from total shark fin income. Hammerhead shark fin also has a higher price which is Rp 800.000 – Rp 900.000/kg (size 30cm), while other species’s price is Rp 600.000/kg. Keyword : Hammerhead Sharks, Trade, Economic Value

SRS/PMKL/2018/074

UTILIZATION OF SATONDA ISLAND AS A QUARANTINE ISLAND FOR SHARK AND STINGRAYS

Merci Fourte Yusuf* *Universitas Pertamina

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT The survival of sharks and rays is extremely endangered. It is recorded that 100 million sharks die

each year due to the hunting of fins. As for stingrays as much as 1800 per year. There are many factors that cause sharks and rays are not widely spread, the long reproductive phases and minimal fertility. Therefore, to improve and control the reproduction of sharks and rays, a quarantine system should be implemented. Both male and female sharks and stingrays will be caught and quarantined on Satonda Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Satonda Island is a suitable island because it is shaped like a ring where Satonda Lake is in the middle of the mainland. This makes it like a natural quarantine enclosure. The island is strategically located due to its closeness to the original habitat of sharks and rays. Satonda Lake is also a salty water lake because the past water overflows to the mainland due to volcanic eruptions. Lake Satonda is also an ideal place because it contains biodiversity like plankton and small fish. Authorities such as government, research institutes, and WWF will be responsible for reproduction control of sharks and rays. When sharks and rays have reproduced the child, some of them will be released on the high seas but by planting a bio tracking system in their DNA so that the movement of sharks and rays remains accessible.

Keyword : Satonda island, Sharks Stingrays, Quarantine island, tracking system, Birth control



95

SRS/PMKL/2018/084

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF Carcharhinus falciformis AND Alopias pelagicus LANDED IN PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA (PPS) CILACAP

Endri Citra Mustikasari**, Widayanti Setyohadi Hidayatulloh**, Djumadi Parluhutan*, Iwan Setiawan*

*LOKA PSPL SERANG,KKP **FPIK UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Loka PSPL Serang conducted research activities of shark enumeration that landed at PPS Cilacap in

February to October 2015. The aim is to know the parameters of biology, population dynamics and status of Carcharhinus falciformis and Alopias pelagicus based on biological data. Population dynamics can be identified by application of FISAT II (FAO Iclarm Stock Assessment Tools). The results showed that the dominant length frequency distribution of Carcharhinus falciformis was 122-139 cm and Alopias pelagicus was 140-148 cm. In February to October Carcharhinus falciformis was dominated by female sharks of 81.8 % while Alopias pelagicus was dominated by female sharks of 77.2 %. The length-weight relationship of sharks Carcharhinus falciformis and Alopias pelagicus are negative allometric with b=2.7 and b=2.8, which means less than 3, so the length grows faster than the weight. The growth of shark Carcharhinus falciformis has parameters L? = 192.5; K=1.1 and t0=0.086. The highest recruitment occurred in February of 14.15%, Y/R=0.094 and B/R=0.247, total mortality (Z)=2.86, natural mortality (M)=1.03, fishing mortality (F)=1.83, exploitation level (E)=0.64, whereas Alopias pelagicus has parameter L?=199.5; K=0.82 and t0= -0.11. The highest recruitment occurred in June of 14.33 %, Y/R=0.064 and B/R=0.491, total mortality (Z)=1.51, natural mortality (M)=0.88, fishing mortality (F)=0.63, exploitation level (E)=0.42, so it can be concluded the status of shark Carcharhinus falciformis have over-exploited while Alopias pelagicus still under-exploited. Keyword : FISAT II

SRS/PMKL/2018/087

FISHERIES STOCK STATUS OF SHARK AND STRINGRAY AT NORTHERN WATERS OF EAST JAVA

Dimas Galang Fergiawan*, Dhimas Amirul Kusuma*, Darmawan Ockto Sutjipto*, Arief Setyanto*

*Universitas Brawijaya *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Shark and stingray are one of the fisheries as renewable resources. But, the fish that included in

Elasmobranchii subclass has nature slow growth and reproduction. Currently, shark and stingray fisheries utility in Indonesian is worrying and overfishing occurs, one of them in the Northern waters of East Java. The aims of this research are to understand the value of MSY and JTB used the Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium model, know the shark and stingray fisheries stock in 2015, and the status of fisheries resources and the use of shark and stingray biomass in the Northern waters of East Java. The data source was processed from the Fisheries Capture of East Java data from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that the status of shark fisheries in the Northern waters of East Java with the Fox model (1970) was 371% of the value of fJTB and the remaining biomass in 2015 from the non-equilibrium model of 3.482.972 tons or equivalent to 39% of the biomass at JTB, so that the status of shark biomass use is Depleted. Meanwhile, the status of stingray fisheries with the same model analyzed, was 385% of the value of fJTB and the remaining biomass from the non-equilibrium model of 1648.417 tons or equivalent to 17% of the biomass at JTB, so that the status of stingray biomass use is Depleted. The status of shark and stingray fishery resources is "depleted" and management of fishery resources is needed to maintain recovery in a sustainable condition.

Keyword : JTB, fisheries status remains biomass, depleted



96

SRS/PMKL/2018/090

THE SIZE COLLECTION OF PECTORAL FINS SHILKY SHARK (Carcharhinus falciformis) TRADED IN NORTH SULAWESI

Moh Yasir*, Audy Sumendap*

*Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Makassar *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Dried fin of shilky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is include as one of the most traded shark fins in

North Sulawesi. The recording results of BPSPL Makassar Wilker Manado since October 2015 until December 2017 revealed that 4.293 kg of C. falciformis’s fins or 25.1% from the amount of most traded shark fins in North Sulawesi. The information related to data collection of pectoral fins is the most significant to be known due to it will become a baseline to determine the sale price of fins. The longer the size of pectoral fins, the higher the price of the fins in the market. This with the purpose to provide information related to number and size variation of C. falciformis’s fins traded in North Sulawesi. The data collection method used form stuffing with stock opname, interview with collected merchants and direct observation while performing stock opname. The data’s result disclose that the number of most traded of C. falciformis’s fins distributed in size 25-29 cm (middle category) in the amount of 35.37%, followed by size <14 cm (plan category) in the amount of 18.79% and the latest category with the size 30-34 cm (3 category) in the amount of 11.62%. Keyword : Carcharhinus falciformis, pectoral fins, North Sulawesi

SRS/PMKL/2018/091

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECT OF SHARKS FISHERIES AND THE COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON THEIR CONSERVATION IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Suadi*, Dwi Ariyogagautama**, Eko Setyobudi*, Faizal Rachman*, Djumanto*, Ranny Ramadhani**

*Fisheries Department Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada **WWF-Indonesia *[email protected]

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the socio-economic aspect of shark fisheries and the community

perception on the exploitation and their conservation efforts at East Java. The study was conducted through rapid rural appraisal and sample survey with selected respondents. Interviews were conducted with communities which are directly or indirectly involved in shark fishing activities at Lamongan and Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, with 30 respondents, respectively. The study showed the differences in shark fisheries character, fishers profile, type of fishing gear, caught, and possibility impact of fisheries on shark resources. Sharks are high-value economic resources, not only for their fins but also all other body parts (meat, oil, bone and teeth). Perception analysis related to knowledge on sharks shows that most community knows the variety of shark species (84.5%), though in various local languages. The respondent recognized that shark populations have changed, and the resources tend to decline from previous years. Respondents are well aware of the benefits and presence of sharks as guardians of the balance of marine ecosystems, controlling the marine fish population availability, important economic commodities, and the source of knowledge. The community recognized the importance of maintaining shark populations, although not all respondent eager to actively involved in their conservation. Sharks conservation have not been considered as an urgent, as well as their believing to the benefits of sharks as a source of livelihood. The increasing of awareness through education and extension is one of the efforts to increase community participation in rescuing populations in future.

Keyword : community, conservation, perception, sharks, socio-economics, East Java



97

SRS/PMKL/2018/107

IDENTIFICATION OF SHARK SPECIES, BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF SHARKS IN FISHING PORTS OF MUNCAR

Helmi Caesar*, Maria Ulfah*, Edy Miswar*, Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni**

*Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah Kuala **WWF-Indonesia *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sharks are the highest predators in the marine food chain (apex predator), which makes sharks able to control an excessive population of organisms but ironically even though sharks are at the top of the food pyramid at sea, sharks have a high degree of vulnerability to extinction. Some types of sharks, especially those with limited distribution, live in coastal waters and have high economic value, are prone to excessive conditions. This study aims to determine the conservation status and types of sharks landed at the Muncar fishing port and analyze the biological parameters using Sex Ratio and Length-Weight Relationship. The research was carried out at UPT-PP Muncar, Banyuwangi on 1 November 2016 until 31 January 2017, the method used was survey method by primary data collection by asking questions to the researcher related fisherman and measuring shark at landing site. After the data were collected, an analysis of biological parameters of sex ratio and Length-Weight Relationship was performed. The discovery of 9 families of sharks is divided into 13 genera and 24 species. Of the 397 samples recorded there are 6 categories of conservation status on IUCN redlist and 1 category on CITES. Overall, females dominated by 52% and 48% males. The results of the Long and Heavy Relation analysis show that, Carcharhinnus falciformis species have negative allometric growth properties, Carcharhinnus sorrah has isometric growth properties, and Sphyrna lewini has negative allometric growth properties. Keyword : Conservation Status, Sex Ratio, Length-Weight Relationship, UPT-PP Muncar

SRS/PMKL/2018/111

REDUCING DEMAND FOR SHARKS AND RAYS: RECONSTRUCT INDONESIAN PEOPLE'S PERSPECTIVE WITH CHINA AS A REFERENCE

Rahmadi Pratama Aritonang*

*Universitas Airlangga *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Demand and supply are the two most important things in trade. In the case of the scarcity of sharks and rays, demand plays a big role in regulating bids. The scarcity of these two fish occurs because the demand is very large. The general public believes that both fish can provide various benefits that are considered to have health benefits. Although most of this belief has actually been proven as a myth. As for both are also considered as a symbol of luxury that gives prestige for its customers. Looking the high market interest in sharks and rays, it is only natural that sharks and rays have a high percentage of demand in the market. Related to this, it is important to control demand in a persuasive manner in order for consumers to stop consuming sharks and rays. To construct people's perspectives that eating stingrays and sharks does not provide any benefit, not something to be proud of, and can cause great damage to the earth. This is definitely not something that can easily be done. But it is not impossible either. In this case the authors use the Chinese case study which is the country that consumed the largest shark fins in the world, but succeeded in reducing the consumption of shark signitively with a series of activities that raise awareness in Chinese society. Keyword : demand, supply, health benefits a symbol of luxury, a persuasive manner, Chinese


98

SRS/PMKL/2018/112

DNA BARCODING OF THRESHER SHARK (Alopias pelagicus) IN ACEH AND TANJUNG LUAR

Raissha Amanda Siregar*, Nurlita Putri Anggraini*,Toufan Phardana*,Ester Restiana*,Beginer Subhan*, Effin Muttaqin**, Benaya Meitasari Simeon**, Muhammad Ichsan**, Hawis Maddupa*

*Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor **Wildlife Conservation Society *[email protected]

ABSTRACT In the last decade, the shark was exploited, one of from species Alopias pelagicus. The distribution

of A. pelagicus is in Indo-Pacific, with local name like, Hiu Monyet, Hiu Lancur (Bali), hiu tikus (Lombok), cucut pedang (Jakarta), and tikusan (Cilacap). The species was particularly vulnerable to fishery exploitation as a primary target or by-catch. This is because the population of Thresher Shark (A. pelagicus) was decrease so that IUCN was entered A. pelagicus into the vulnerable status. The identification of sharks was quitely difficult to do because the morphological was likely between species and almost of the body part was lost or wasn’t intact at the time of the landing, so genetic identification is necessary. DNA Barcoding with mitochondrial markers can make a differences species between individuals based on the structure and composition of the basic constituents of living things at the DNA level. This study aims to identify the type of shark suspected as Thresher Shark (A. pelagicus) in Aceh Fishery Port and Tanjung Luar. Molecular identification results showed 9 shark samples as Alopias pelagicus from Aceh and Tanjung Luar with an identification percentage rate of 99-100%. Keyword : Pelagic, Conservation, COI

SRS/PMKL/2018/115

INTEGRATED SHARK CONSERVATION WITH TRACING SHARK TECHNOLOGY BASEDON VMS TAG TO PRESERVE NATIONAL SHARK POPULATIONS

Ayu Laila Fitriyani*

*Institut Pertanian Bogor *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Shark fishery was used as a by-catch fishery, but since the price and demand of shark fins on the

global market has increased, many Indonesian fishermen have made sharks as the main catch commodities. Moreover FAO notes Indonesia as the biggest production shark every year. Due to the exploitation of shark fins, the number of shark populations has decreased drastically in recent decades. According to the CITES, 180 species of sharks in Indonesia are endangered. Whereas the presence of sharks is very important to balancing of marine ecosystems. Shark protection is continually done through the conservation and policy-making. However, the lack of monitoring makes the policy of catching sharks less than optimal. Shark has low fecundity and a high risk of death that make the shark breeding difficult to do. The technologies to support this conservation need to be developed, one of them is shark tracing technology using VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) Tag. Young sharks on the breeding grounds will be marked using VMS Tags on its fins. After that the adult shark will be released from the breeding ground. After that phase, the shark will monitored continually through VMS Tags integrated with the transmitter board on the patrol boat. The threatened sharks caught by fishermen will be detected so that patrol officers can immediately approach the fishermen. Use of VSM Tags as a shark's presence tracking system will effectively suppresses shark hunting. This technology will also optimize shark conservation by integrating conservation and policy enforcement.

Keyword : Shark exploitations, Shark conservations, Tracing shark technology, VMS Tag



99

SRS/PMKL/2018/117

SCREENING OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SHARK FIN FROM Carcharhinus melanopterus

Andi Annisar Dzati Iffah*, Muhammad Farid Samawi*, Chair Rani*, Aidah Ambo Ala Husain*, Dewi Sri Kurnia*

*Universitas Hasanuddin *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Sharks are marine mammals that produce primary and secondary metabolites. Shark fins are widely

utilized primary metabolites for consumption needs, also informed to have secondary metabolite compounds that have many benefits in the health field. The purpose of this research to determine the class of secondary metabolite compounds on the fins of Carcharhinus melanopterus. Sampling was conducted at Paotere Fish Landing Base in Makassar City. Samples taken are at the tail of adult shark sized > 1 meter as much as 1kg, which then extracted at the Laboratory of Sea Microbiology, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University. The extraction was performed by maceration method with methanol, chloroform and and n-hexane p.a solvent. The identification of classes of secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and polyphenols by using color test. Extracts yielded as much as 1.03% (methanol), 0.49% (chloroform), and 0.034% (n-hexane). Screening of secondary metabolite compounds which obtained in extract with methanol solvent are flavonoid and saponin, in extract with chloroform are containing saponin, while in extract with positive n-hexane are contains alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin. The result of identification of secondary metabolite compound on fin extract by three solvent types is positif containing saponin, while existences of steroids and polyphenols is negative. Keyword : Carcharhinus melanopterus, Shark fin, Secondary Metabolite, Extraction, Saponin, Steroid

SRS/PMKL/2018/124

DNA BARCODING OF SHARKS SPECIES LANDED AT MUARA BARU, JAKARTA BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Kevina Rizkikamila*, Noviar Andayani**, Djumadi Parluhutan*, Budi Raharjo*, Nurmila Anwar*, Fitrian Dwi

Cahyo*, Dani Dasa Permana*, Yunita*, Effin Muttaqin**, Benaya Meitasari Simeon**, Muhammad Ichsan**, Beginer Subhan*, Hawis Madduppa*

* Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor **Wildlife Conservation Society *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Exploitation of shark fisheries is caused by the high demand for shark products. Many local fish

markets in Indonesia sell kinds of shark products including shark meat and dried fins, which are sometimes illegal or mislabeled. Species Identification is almost impossible to be done since the sharks are mostly found with some key diagnostic features removed, or in an already preserved condition. This study aims to identify the species of sharks landed at Muara Baru fish market using molecular approaches. DNA from the samples were amplified using CO1 target (Cytochrome Oxidase 1) mitochondria. Amongst the 16 samples sequenced, a total of 9 species were able to be identified including Carcharhinus dussumieri, Prionace glauca, Alopias superciliosus, Carcharhinus melanopterus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus amblythynchoides, Carcharhinus sorrah, Hemigaleus australiensis, and Sphyrna lewini. Based on The World Conservation Union (IUCN) red list status, 6 species are rated as near threatened, while the other 3 species are each rated as different status including least concern, vulnerable, and endangered. It is suggested that mitochondrial-based DNA barcoding can be used for shark species identification in order to assist in fisheries management and shark conservation.

Keyword : DNA Barcoding, Sharks, Mitochondria, Identification, Conservation



100

SRS/PMKL/2018/128

THE PHENOMENA OF WHALE SHARK MOVEMENT TRAFFIC IN EAST KUTAI WATER, INDICATION OF IMPORTANT HABITATS?

Omega Raya Simarangkir *, Mahardika Rizqi Himawan**, Casandra Tania***, Khairul Anwar****, Shane

Bennett**** * STIPER Kutai Timur **Whale Shark Indonesia ***WWF-Indonesia ****Kaltim Prima Coal

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT Whale sharks in East Kalimantan waters are commonly recorded in Talisayan and Derawan Islands.

In fact, whale sharks are also seen several times in East Kutai water. This study aimed to determine the number and location of the whale sharks in East Kutai water throughout the year. Periodic dives were conducted at 7 dive sites between January-December from 2007-2013. The number of whale shark was calculated visually and the meeting coordinate was known using Global Positioning System (GPS). The depth and time of the meeting with whale shark were known using Dive Computer. A total of 18 whale shark were recorded during the study period at a depth of between 10-20 meters and between 9:30 am and 11:30 pm and 14:30 to 16:30 pm local time with averaged 3 individuals in one year. The most frequent whale shark meeting was 2010 with 7 individuals and the most frequent dive site was Bengalon Reef Site (00 ° 36 "24 'N 117 ° 49" 51' E) ie 5 individuals. Most whale shark meetings occurred in December, which is 5 individuals. Other months, whale shark meetings also occurred on February, March, April, May, June, July, August and November. Almost all whale sharks behavior were seen swim freely across divers with no other activity, ie feeding. The whale shark meetings were almost throughout the year and only passing indicate a consistent pattern of movement between southern and northern areas. These waters may be an important habitat of whale sharks as the path of movements. Keyword : animal behavior, Movement pattern, Swim Across


101

SRS/PMKL/2018/129

ROLE INTEGRATION ON TOURISM: ECOTOURISM BUSINESS MODEL OF SHARK ATRRACTION IN TINABO ISLAND TAKABONERATE

Muhammad Farid Burhanudin*

*Universitas Telkom *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world with rich biodiversity including marine biota.

Among more than 2,300 species of reef fish, including various types of cartilaginous fish that are sharks and rays. It is estimated that more than 75 species of sharks are found in the ocean and most of them are potential to be utilized. One of the shark's use is to support the tourism aspect. But conventional tourism activities often cause some ecosystem and ecological damage to the waters. So the application of ecotourism based on the conservation of shark becomes one of the solutions offered to support the local economy as well as the media to support awareness for the environment. However, several previous case studies have shown that ecotourism implementation is still less effective due to uncooperative aspects of collaborative roles and interests. The business model approach becomes an important choice and success factor in ecotourism program implementation as it can integrate the role of ecotourism pillar that is conservation, economy, community participation, and education aspect. Tinabo Island is located in Taka Bonerate National Park is an area that has a variety of unique biota including various types of sharks that became a tourist attraction. The objective of the research is to design the ecotourism business model in Tinabo Island to support the improvement of the quality of life in the area with the role of the community as an important stakeholder. The study findings show that the classification of tourist segments and the.

Keyword : business modeling, ecotourism, velue proposition, role integration, shark attraction


102

SRS/PMKL/2018/130

SHARK TOURISM MODEL AS A COASTAL ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ALTERNATIVE IN BALURAN NASIONAL PARK

Nike Ika Nuzula*, Daniel M. Rosyid, Haryo D. Armono

*Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya *[email protected]

ABSTRACT Baluran national park (TNB) is one of the eastern national parks identified as having interesting

coastal resources. Currently, Coastal resources of TNB have been utilized as marine and coastal ecotourism. Every year, the number of visiting tourists in TNB has increased significantly. This condition will lead to degradation of resources and the welfare of surrounding communities. Therefore, an alternative ecotourism management strategy is needed. One of the most effective alternative is shark tourism. This study aims to design a shark tourism based on the oceanography and ecological. Results of this study indicate that in an oceanographic condition comprises of two sub-conditions, namely physical oceanography and chemical oceanography. The condition of oceanography physics in TNB area is characterized by the occurrence of tidal phenomena, bathymetry and wave currents. While chemical oceanography is influenced by the quality of waters obtained from the pollution index value of 0.027. From the measurement of oceanographic aspects in the field, it found that TNB can support to be used as destination of Shark Tourism. Ecological conditions reviewed by the presence of coral reefs and reef fish that exist in the waters of TNB. The coral cover was found at 5 meters and 10 meters depth with various types of coral reefs. With the habitat of sharks, then will be able to maintain the stability of the existence of the system. So that when viewed from the above two aspects of shark tourism can be designed on the Bama Beach and Bilik Sijile Beach.

Keyword : Shark Tourism, Alternative Management Strategies, Ecotourism, TNB


103

SRS/PMKL/2018/131

VIEWS ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND TOURISTS TOWARDS SHARK AND RAY ALONG THE CONSERVATION IN BATU KARAS BEACH - PANGANDARAN

Diki Muhamad Chaidir*, Diana Hernawati*, Vita Meylani*, Rinaldi Rizal Putra*

*Universitas Siliwangi *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Batu Karas beach is one of the tourist attraction located in Pangandaran, West Java. The potential of beauty and as a means of sports surfboard is well known to foreign countries. Although included in one of the tourist areas, most of the local communities in the Batu Karas areas work as fishermen, and there is a place of daily fish auction conducted. This study aims to find out information about the views of society and tourists to sharks and rays as well as conservation efforts. This is considered very important, in order to help the distribution information, sharks and rays are widely found and the efforts made to preserve it. Data collection methods used were direct observation and interviews with local communities, local tourists and foreign tourists during the month of December 2017-January 2018. The results showed there are still some species of sharks and rays captured by fishermen are included into the auction, the community most are not aware of the reproduction of sharks and rays require a slow time, so that if continuous fishing is going to occur a sharp decrease in shark and ray population. In the conservation efforts undertaken to date have been limited to the clearance of coastal areas over a period of time there has been no attempt specifically to protect and maintain the presence of sharks and rays in the region. The results in this study are expected to be one of the information and material considerations for policies and programs of shark and ray conservation in Indonesia.

Keyword : Batu Karas Beach, Local Communities, Shark and Ray Conservation, Tourist

SRS/PMKL/2018/132

COLLABORATION OF GOVERNMENT AND FISHERMEN IN ESTABLISHING SHARK CONSERVATION AREAS

Akhmad Tri Prasetyo* *Universitas Sriwijaya

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT In response to the red list of the shark diversity population in Indonesia, it is necessary to establish a

conservation area of the shark itself. Data from the IUCN have given a rating of the inclusion of Shark populations in Indonesia of which 117 species of Sharks in Indonesia, a species in critical condition, 5 specieses in threatened condition, 23 specieses in vulnerable condition, 35 specieses in near threatened conditions. This happens because of the many world market demand for sharks by haggling over high prices. So that makes the fishermen tempted to catch sharks continuously. Law enforcement has been done but it does not make fishermen deterrent in shark fishing. This becomes the basis of shark conservation is formed which is directly attached to the fishermen. This conservation will provide an opportunity for fishermen to not only be able to catch sharks in the ocean, but also help in the cultivation activities. For fishermen who catch sharks should contribute some seeds of shark fish to be placed on conservation areas made by the government. If this is done, it will provide a clear view of the Government to the continuity of shark populations in Indonesia in order to remain sustainable and useful for the coastal economy in a sustainable manner.

Keyword : Shark, Conservation, Fishermen



104

SRS/PMKL/2018/134a

JENIS, KELIMPAHAN DAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN HIU PADA PERIKANAN GILLNET DI PANTAI UTARA JAWA TENGAH

Wijopriono *

*Pusat Riset Perikanan *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Permintaan produk ikan hiu yang terus meningkat pada decade terakhir ini telah memacu peningkatan eksploitasi sumber daya ikanhiu di berbagai wilayah perikanan. Meskipun hiudi berbagai wilayah perikanan merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan (by catch) dari usaha perikanan lainnya, tetapi produksi yang dihasilkan menunjukkan jumlahyang signifikan.Sebagai predator puncak dalam rantai pemakanan, situasi tersebut telah meningkatkan kerentanan hiu karena siklus biologinya. Sebagai salah satu upaya pengelolaan, telah dilakukan penelitian perikanan dan monitoring hasil tangkapan hiu pada 2014-2016 di pusat pendaratan ikan Pekalongan. Data didasarkan atas hasil tangkapan dari perikanan gillnet yang merupakan alat tangkap yang dominan menangkap hiu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 jenis hiu yang tertangkap yaitu Rhizoprionodon oligolinx, Chiloscyllium punctatum, C.Indicum, Carcharhinus sorrah, C. melanopterus, Sphyrna lewini. Selama periode 2010-2015 jumlah armada gillnet menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan, dari 82 kapal turun menjadi 25 kapal. Penurunan upaya penangkapan telah meningkatkan CPUE dari501,87 kg/kapal/tahun pada 2010 menjadi2 572,68 kg/kapal/tahun pada 2015. Kelimpahan musiman dan distribusi ukuran disajikan dan dibahas dalam tulisan ini.

Keyword : -

SRS/PMKL/2018/136a

BY-CATCH HIU TANGKAPAN PANCING RAWAI TUNA DI SAMUDERA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA

Priyo Suharsono Sulaiman*, Mufti Petala Patria*, Rauf Achmad Sue* *Pusat Riset Perikanan

[email protected]

ABSTRAK Sebagai bagian dari by-catch perikanan tuna, sumberdaya ikan hiu telah banyak tertangkap di

perairan Samudera Hindia. Salah satu armada utama penangkap tuna di samudera Hindia selatan Jawa adalah pancing rawai tuna yang banyak berasal dari Cilacap. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hasil tangkapan by-catch hiu pancing rawai tuna di Samudera Hindia selatan Jawa yang didaratkan di Cilacap. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kegiatan pencatatan harian aktivitas bongkar kapal perikanan oleh petugas Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap selama kurun waktu 2012-2017. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya di analisis melalui tabulasi data, pendekatan grafikal serta analisis trend data melalui ketersediaan data yang runtut waktu (times series). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sekitar sembilan jenis hiu yang menjadi by-catch pancing rawai tuna yang berasal dari Cilacap. Hasil tangkapan by-catch hiu tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Maret-Mei dengan CPUE rata-rata mencapai 14 kg/hari. Jenis hiu biru (Prionace glauca) merupakan hiu tangkapan dominan yang mencapai 66% dari tangkapan hiu total.

Keyword : -



105

SRS/PMKL/2018/143a

STUDI PEREKAMAN SUARA ALAT BANTU TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI ATRAKTOR IKAN HIU

Agus Cahyadi* dan Dharmadi* *Pusat Riset Perikanan *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Salah satu mata pencarian nelayan yang mendiami pulau-pulau kecil di kepulauan Halmahera Tenggara adalah memancing ikan hiu dengan menggunakan alat pancing dan alat bantu buatan yang terbuat dari bahan alami dan bahan logam. Alat pancingnya mempunyai ujung mata pancing yang runcing dengan membentuk lengkungan menjorok ke dalam. Sedangkan alat bantu buatan difungsikan untuk "memanggil" kumpulan ikan hiu oseanik saat alat tersebut mengeluarkan sumber suara yang dihasilkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kekuatan sumber suara dari hasil proses perekaman sumber suara dari kedua jenis bahan alat bantu tersebut. Proses perekaman alat bantu ini menggunakan hidropone yang dicelupkan 1 meter ke dalam air yang selanjutnyan diukur kekuatan suaranya sampai mencapai 25 meter. Kekuatan sumber suara berkurang berdasarkan jarak perekaman. Kekuatan perekaman sumber suara yang dihasilkan dari alat bantu bahan alami pada jarak 1 meter adalah 72 dB dan jarak 25 meter adalah 58 dB. Kekuatan perekaman sumber suara yang dihasilkan dari alat bantu bahan logam pada jarak 1 meter adalah 102 dB dan jarak 25 meter adalah 83 dB. Jenis hiu yang teridentifikasi adalah hiu sirip panjang. Ikan hiu ini berenang membentuk formasi renang dalam kumpulan ikan hiu mengitari di sekitar perahu saat alat bantu ini dibunyikan. Kata kunci : alat bantu, sumber suara, hiu

SRS/PMKL/2018/514

STUDY ELECTRO SHIELD SYSTEM (ESS) ON SHARKS AND RAYS CAPTURES ON LIONG BUN (SET GILL NET) IN BANGKA BELITUNG WATERS, INDONESIA

Aristi Dian Purnama Fitri*, Boesono H*, Prihantoko K E*, Gautama D Y**

*Diponegoro University **WWF-Indonesia *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Most shark and ray in Indonesia are the waters of Bangka Belitung, and the dominant fishing gear used by local fishermen was liong bun (set gill net). Electro Shield System (ESS) is the result of innovation of fishing aids that can reduce shark and ray (by catch) by using electric waves. The objective of the study was to analyse the use of ESS with frequency of 55 Hz and 100 Hz on gill net fishing operation for shark and ray biota. The research method was experimental fishing, on March - May 2016 in Bangka Belitung waters, Indonesia. Types of sharks and rays caught during the research are Jenkins whipray, Bleeker's whipray, Butterfly ray, Eagle ray, White-spotted Shovelnose Ray, and Rhincodon sp. Shark and ray catches on the gill net set with ESS with frequency of 55 Hz gave the lowest catch (20%) compared to ESS with 100 Hz (41%) and gill net set without ESS / control (38%). This indicates that the 55 Hz frequency ESS is the optimum frequency of electric waves to reduce sharks and rays during set gill net capture operation.

Keyword : Electro shield system (ESS), Shark and ray, Set gill net, Bangka Belitung waters, Indonesia



106

SRS/PMKL/2018/517

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND CPUE OF LISTED SHARKS ON APPENDIX II CITES WERE CAUGHT IN INDONESIAN WATERS

Ranny Ramadhani Yuneni*, Dharmadi**, Adrian Damora***, Dwi Ariyogagautama*

*WWF-Indonesia **Pusat Riset Perikanan KKP ***Universitas Syah Kuala Aceh *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Mostly sharks are caught in the Indonesia dominantly as bycatch from any types of gears. The result of bycatch fisheries is one of threat on sharks species, IUCN listed around 66,9% sharks in Indonesia under threat through the conservation efforts. For the last decades, there is an increase of global attention on fisheries operation of sharks species, although sharks just only 2% of total capture of fishery production nationally. This cartilaginous fishes have been included in Appendix II CITES listed as international issues since 2013. This research was conducted between 2014-2017 in some landing sites such as PPI Karangsong (Indramayu), PPP Tegalsari (Tegal), PP Muncar (Banyuwangi), dan PPN Brondong (Lamongan). Fisheries Management Area (FMA) include 711, 712, 713, and 573 as fishing ground for the sharks. The total trips that were covered in this research as many as 759 trips with the highest catch composition was Sphyrna lewini (5085 individu) and Carcharhinus falciformis (1350 individu), whereas other species are only with the small number of individu such as Alopias pelagicus (35 individu), Alopias superciliosus (21 individu), Sphrna mokarran (31 individu), and Sphyrna zygaena (25 individu). Muncar Fishing Port is the most productive to catch C. falciformis with the total catch that could be covered by enumerator around 47.542 kg while the total catch of S. Lewini in PPN Brondong (12.973 kg) and PPI Indramayu (8.264 kg). This result of the research expected as basic information to policy decision of sharks in Indonesia, specially to the vulnerable species. Keyword : Shark Composition, Appendix II CITES, Indonesian Water, Fisheries Management Area

SRS/PMKL/2018/519

POTENSI LESTARI PERIKANAN HIU YANG DIDARATKAN DI PPI KARANGSONG

Sriati*, Mochamad Rudyansyah Ismail*, Aida Nurjanah*

*Universitas Padjajaran *[email protected]

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2017 di PPI Karangsong Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hasil tangkapan tahunan dan upaya penangkapan ikan hiu di Kabupaten Indramayu, mengestimasi potensi lestari ikan hiu di perairan Indramayu dan tingkat upaya penangkapannya, mengestimasi tingkat pemanfaatan ikan hiu di PPI Karangsong Indramayu. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif. Hasil perhitungan dengan Model Produksi Surplus menggunakan metode Schaefer diperoleh hubungan antara upaya penangkapan (X) dan hasil tangkapan per satuan upaya penangkapan (Y), dengan persamaan regresi CPUE = 593,18 - 0.201f. Nilai potensi lestari (MSY) yang diperoleh sebesar 437.557 kg/tahun dan upaya optimum (fopt) sebesar 1.475 trip/tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan ikan hiu di Indramayu cenderung tinggi tiap tahun dengan tingkat pemanfaatan tertinggi pada tahun 2007 yaitu sebesar 119 % dan tahun 2010 sebesar 111 % yang artinya kondisi perikanan hiu di Indramayu menunjukan adanya upaya yang melebihi kapasitas maksimum sehingga mengarah pada kondisi overfishing.

Kata kunci : Hiu, Karangsong, MSY



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SRS/PMKL/2018/523a

UTILIZATION OF SHARKS AND RAYS SKIN

Aryanto Sudjarwo *

*Yayasan Dian Mandala , Yogyakarta – Indonesia *[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Skin from sharks and rays in many countries considered as waste and have no economic value. From technical point of view, these skins can be processes into leather by using regular tanning method as commonly used for processing cow/goat/sheep skin, and the result can be turn into various leather goods product such as bags, wallets, purse, etc. This skins also can be used as inlay material on furniture and other home decoration items. Dian Mandala, a non government organization based in Yogyakarta – Indonesia, developing its capacity in sharks and rays skin processing which turn into various products to be marketed worldwide. The activities are supported by SDC (Swiss Development Organization) under the programme called “Coastal Area Development Program” (1989 -2001) with the goal of rural coastal economic development. Dian Mandala working with fishermen communities in northern coast of Java (Jepara, Juwana, Batang, Pekalongan , Tegal) by training fisherman’s wife to peel off the skin from its body, salt curing and maintain skins in good condition until being processed. Fishermen which formerly sell fish meat (stingray) are now can sell its skin too, and it give substantial additional income for them, and it improved family economic condition of fishermen. Year by year, fish skin are become more expensive compare the meat. Skins collected from fishermen are processes in Yogyakarta, and turn into products such as bags, purse, wallets,table, flower vases, photo frame, etc. Tanning process of stingray skins and production of various products also absorb many labours, meaning it open job opportunity to young people in Yogyakarta. Dian Mandala are now running its activity with 90 labors on the monthly basis. Thousands of fishermen families are now collected stingray skins along northern coast of Java, south Kalimantan, east coast of Sumatra, south Sulawesi. Stingray skins become one of the exotic skin which have high economic value to fishermen and helps their economic condition. Products made of stingray (and other fish) skins are marketed both in domestic and export and it gain high appreciation among high end market peoples.

Keyword : -


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