Cover Referencing Guide - dempt.co.zadempt.co.za/prce2016/refguide2015D8.pdf · honesty....

Acknowledgements

This guide was compiled by:

Shirlene Neerputh, David Thomas, Segarani Naidoo and Sara Mitha,

with input from the DUT Academics and Subject Librarian Unit.

The electronic version of this guide is available at http://library.dut.ac.za

© Durban University of Technology Library March 2012

Disclaimer

Please be advised that there are many variations to the Harvard referencing style. This guide attempts

to capture the latest trends and is customised for DUT. As this is a generic guide, please confirm

faculty/departmental preferences.

Kindly note that many of the examples used in this guide are fictional, and were used to merely

illustrate the referencing technique.

http://library.dut.ac.za/

Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1

What is referencing? ............................................................................................................................... 1

Why use a referencing system? .............................................................................................................. 1

Plagiarism ................................................................................................................................................ 1

Turnitin .................................................................................................................................................... 1

EndNote .................................................................................................................................................. 1

Steps involved in ensuring academic integrity ....................................................................................... 2

Tips for referencing ................................................................................................................................. 2

Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 3

Format for books (print and online) ....................................................................................................... 4

Single author .............................................................................................................................. 4

Multiple authors ......................................................................................................................... 4

Editor ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Author unknown ........................................................................................................................ 5

Corporate author ........................................................................................................................ 5

Books with no publication date .................................................................................................. 5

Secondary sources ...................................................................................................................... 6

Chapters in a book ..................................................................................................................... 6

Foreign title ................................................................................................................................ 6

Book reviews ............................................................................................................................. 7

Translated work ......................................................................................................................... 7

Reports ....................................................................................................................................... 8

E-books ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Chapters in an e-book ................................................................................................................ 9

Electronic encyclopaedias .......................................................................................................... 9

Format for journals and periodicals (print and online) .......................................................................... 9

Journals with volume and part/issue number ............................................................................. 9

Journals with no volume number ............................................................................................. 10

Journals: Special issues (supplementary issue) ........................................................................ 10

Journal articles from Internet sources or databases.................................................................. 11

Journals (reference to more than one publication by same author in the same year) .............. 11

Newspapers .............................................................................................................................. 12

Online newspapers ................................................................................................................... 12

Papers in conference proceedings ............................................................................................ 12

Format for unpublished works (print and online) ............................................................................... 13

Lecture notes and study guides ................................................................................................ 13

Lecture notes on a Learning Management Software (LMS) Platform ..................................... 13

Meeting minutes ...................................................................................................................... 13

Theses and Dissertations .......................................................................................................... 14

Theses and dissertations from an Institutional Repository ...................................................... 14

Format for electronic sources ............................................................................................................... 14

Internet sources with author/s .................................................................................................. 14

Internet sources without an author/s ........................................................................................ 15

Personal communications (telephone conversation, interviews and e-mail) ........................... 15

Blogs (weblogs) ....................................................................................................................... 15

Social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Bebo, etc.) ......................................................... 16

Computer programs ................................................................................................................. 16

Format for government publications .................................................................................................... 17

Commissions with a chairperson ............................................................................................. 17

Commissions without a chairperson ........................................................................................ 17

Councils (as issuing bodies)..................................................................................................... 17

Government departments (as issuing bodies) .......................................................................... 18

Government gazettes ................................................................................................................ 18

Government gazettes (electronic format) ................................................................................. 18

Green papers ............................................................................................................................ 18

Green papers (electronic format) ............................................................................................. 19

White papers ............................................................................................................................ 19

White papers (electronic format) ............................................................................................. 19

Laws or Acts ............................................................................................................................ 19

Laws or Acts (electronic format) ............................................................................................. 20

Law cases ................................................................................................................................. 20

Tax cases .................................................................................................................................. 20

Patents ...................................................................................................................................... 20

Standards .................................................................................................................................. 21

Format for images, artwork, video recordings ..................................................................................... 21

Images ...................................................................................................................................... 21

Online images .......................................................................................................................... 22

Art works (photographs, paintings) ......................................................................................... 22

TV programme / broadcast ...................................................................................................... 22

Film / Video recordings ........................................................................................................... 23

Online video (YouTube, Vimeo) ............................................................................................. 23

Live performances ................................................................................................................... 23

Useful websites ........................................................................................................................ 24

Example of a Reference List .................................................................................................................. 24

1

Introduction

The Durban University of Technology (DUT) aims to promote academic integrity and

honesty. Referencing ensures academic integrity and prevents plagiarism. As a student it is

important to acknowledge the work of an author and the most accepted way is to use a

referencing system.

This guide outlines the Harvard Referencing system which most faculties at the university

expect students to use. While there are variations on the “Harvard” system, this guide is

compiled to suit the needs of both DUT staff and students. The guide will assist in proper

referencing techniques when using the various reference sources. It shows you how to insert

references in the text of your work (in-text reference) and how to compile a reference list or

bibliography. This guide may be used in the absence of a departmental referencing guide.

Consult a Subject Librarian for more information on referencing.

What is referencing?

Referencing is a method of acknowledging the sources of ideas, thoughts, opinions and

information that have been used to compile assignments, projects, theses and dissertations.

Why use a referencing system?

It is good academic practice and is important for academic writing because:

it facilitates the tracing of the original source or verification of quotations

it shows the breadth and depth of the literature you have read or consulted

plagiarism is avoided by correctly referencing the various sources of information.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the theft of a person's ideas or writing. It occurs when work is submitted

without the acknowledgement of the original source. Plagiarism is an academic and legal

offence.

Turnitin

The University has recently introduced a software program that can assist you in identifying

where you have used original material so that you can ensure it is correctly referenced in your

submission. Turnitin is a software program used as an originality checker to detect

plagiarism. DUT subscribes to Turnitin. It is software used by educational institutions

worldwide. The web-based service enables one to manage the process of submitting and

tracking papers electronically with quick feedback. More information is available at

http://www.turnitin.com.

EndNote

EndNote is a bibliographic management package available to registered DUT staff and

students. EndNote is used to store and organise references, to search online bibliographic

databases, retrieve full text articles and to create bibliographies. Detailed information on how

to download and use EndNote is available on the DUT Library website http://library.dut.ac.za

http://www.turnitin.com/

http://library.dut.ac.za/

2

Steps involved in ensuring academic integrity

Tips for referencing

Ensure that what is cited within your in-text reference has a corresponding record in your

reference list and what is in your reference list has a corresponding record in your in-text

reference.

Check spelling and punctuation carefully.

Be consistent in your style of referencing especially in the use of punctuation and spacing.

Use the Internet with discretion and always state the date on which the site was accessed.

The use of ellipsis (…) indicates that words have been omitted from a quotation or that the

sentence continues.

In the reference list, the title is usually in italics. If you are handwriting your reference list you

may underline the title instead.

Use author initial/s rather than full names and if an author has more than one initial, please

indicate all initials.

There are two key aspects to referencing:

1. In-text referencing: This refers to citing references within the body or text of your work. For

the in-text reference, you need the following information:

Author‟s surname

Year of publication

Page number (if available)

2. The reference list: This is an alphabetical list arranged by author‟s surname at the end of the

assignment, project, thesis or dissertation which contains full details of the sources cited.

•books

•journals

•websites

•lecture notes

Step 1: Consult different information

sources to find the information you need

•generate manually

•cite while you write

•import from source (EndNote)

Step 2: Keep records of sources consulted

(bibliographic details)

•in text (reference within the text or body of the work)

•reference list (alphabetical listing by author's surname at the end of the work, of all sources cited)

Step 3: Include references in

document

3

Definitions

Author any person or entity responsible for a particular piece of work. This includes editors,

compilers, composers, persons interviewed or with whom there was personal

communication.

Bibliography list of sources, arranged in alphabetical order, that have been consulted to compile your

assignment, project, etc., but which are not necessarily cited in the written document.

Note: In academic writing one usually submits a “Reference list” rather than a

“Bibliography”.

Citation a written reference to a specific work or portion of a work.

Citing to mention, quote by way of an example or bring forward as support, illustration, proof

or authority.

Copyright a legal right that gives the author of an original work exclusive rights for a certain time

period in relation to that work, including its publication, distribution and adaptation.

Corporate

author an organisation or group of persons (associations, institutions, companies, etc.) that is

identified by a corporate or group name and acts as an entity responsible for a particular

body or piece of work, e.g. Durban University of Technology (DUT).

Direct

quotation a phrase or paragraph or part of the original text which has been repeated in exactly the

same way as the original piece of work.

In-text

referencing the insertion of brief references, in the appropriate places in the text, to sources that are

being cited by the academic work.

Journal,

serials or

periodicals

sources which are published periodically, i.e. weekly, monthly, yearly, etc. Examples are

newspapers, magazines and yearbooks.

Online

database

collection of information arranged in a systematic way to make the search easy and fast.

The University subscribes to different databases such as EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Sabinet,

etc., in order to meet research requirements.

Paraphrasing expressing someone else‟s ideas, thoughts or work in your own words.

Published

source any information source, whether in print or electronic format, that is made available to

the public.

Reference list an alphabetical list (by author‟s surname or corporate author) of books, articles, websites

or any other sources, that have been consulted during the writing of your assignments,

projects, research papers, dissertation, thesis, etc. In the absence of author‟s surname, use

the title.

Source a person or group, a book, an article, a thesis, or any other work that provides

information.

Summarising expressing someone else‟s ideas, thoughts or work in your own words, in a short or

abbreviated form.

Unpublished

source any information source that has not been published.

4

Editions are only noted from the 2nd edition onwards.

Single author

In-text Surname (year of publication: page

number/s)

or

(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Title: subtitle. Edition.

Place of publication: Publisher.

According to Babbie (2004: 78)

validity refers to the extent…

Babbie, E. 2004. The practice of social research. 2nd

ed. Cape

Town: Thomson Learning.

“Our state‟s capacity problems are

exacerbated by the choice of a Rolls

Royce model of governance”

(Ramphele 2008: 147).

Ramphele, M. M. 2008. Laying ghosts to rest: dilemmas of

the transformation. Cape Town: Macmillan.

Editor


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Editor‟s Surname, Initial/s. ed. Year of Publication. Title: subtitle. Edition.

Place of publication: Publisher.

Mellon (2006: 53) argues that

quantitative approach is incomplete

without the qualitative paradigm.

Mellon, A. ed. 2006. The relationship between the

quantitative and qualitative paradigms. New York:

Macmillan.

Multiple authors

If there are two to three authors, all authors have to be cited and should be listed in the order that they appear.

If there are more than three authors, use the surname of the first author, followed by „et al.‟ which means „and

others‟.

The surnames of the other authors must be captured in the Reference list.

In-text Surname and Surname (year of publication:

page number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. and Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of

Publication. Title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

A novice in the research field…

(Leedy and Omrod 2005: 77).

Leedy, P. and Omrod, J. 2005. Practical research: planning

and design. 8th ed. New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Mouton et al. (1990: 80) interpret

research as...

Mouton, J., Marais, H. Patton, M. and McRoy, R. 1990.

Basic concepts in the methodology of the social sciences.

Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.

Format for books

(print and online)

5

Author unknown

This will apply to most dictionaries and encyclopaedias.

Where the author is unknown or authorship cannot be established, the title of the work is used, followed by the

date of publication. The title can be used in the reference list or Anonymous can be used for an unknown author.

Every effort should be made to establish the authorship if you intend to use this work in an academic submission.

In-text Title (year of publication: page number/s)

or

(Title Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Title: subtitle. Year of Publication. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

According to The concise South

African dictionary (2007: 54)...

The concise South African dictionary. 2007. 3rd

ed. Cape

Town: Macmillan.

Computer engineering is a growing

discipline in Africa (Encyclopaedia

of software engineering 2002: 100).

Encyclopaedia of software engineering. 2002. Johannesburg:

Wiley and Sons.

Corporate author

In-text Name of corporate author (year of

publication: page number/s)

or

(Name of corporate author Year of

publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of corporate author. Department. Year of Publication. Title: subtitle.

Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

According to South African Institute

of Chartered Accountants (2011:

12)…

South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA).

2011. Johannesburg Stock Exchange equity markets play safe.

Johannesburg: Pearson Education.

South African Maritime Safety

Authority (2012: 2) investigates

historic change in the way…

South African Maritime Safety Authority. Department of Sea

Watch and Response. 2012. Maritime safety adopts historic

ship construction regulations. Cape Town: McGraw Hill.

Books with no publication date

In-text Surname (n.d.: page number/s)

or

(Surname n.d.: page number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. n.d. Title: subtitle. Edition. Place of

publication: Publisher.

Human resources have reached new

heights (Grobler n.d.: 34).

Grobler, P. A. n.d. Human resources management in South

Africa: a new perspective. 4th ed. Johannesburg: McGraw-

Hill.

6

Secondary sources

Secondary referencing is found in a book or journal article whose author uses facts or information cited in research

done by someone else. This is regarded as a secondary source as the researcher does not have the original source.

Every attempt should be made to cite from the original source.

In-text Surname (year of publication cited in

Surname year of publication: page number/s)

or

(Surname Year of publication cited in

Surname year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title: subtitle. Place of


Sentoo and Mhlongo (1989 cited in

Smith 2009: 15) argue that…

Smith, J. P. 2009. Library and information profession in

South Africa: a student perspective. Durban: Juta.

Chapters in a book


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Chapter title: subtitle. In:

Surname, Initial/s. ed. Title of book: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication:

Publisher, page numbers.

Mixed methods research is the latest

research trend (Cooke and Philip

2001: 8).

Cooke, D. J. and Philip, L. 2001. To treat or not to treat? an

empirical perspective. In: Hollin, C. R. ed. Handbook of

offender assessment and treatment. Chichester: Wiley, 3-15.

Foreign title

If your assignment, theses, dissertation or project is in the English language but you are referring to sources which

are written in other languages, give the source title exactly as it appears in the original language or give an English

translation of it in square brackets with a language descriptor at the end.


number/s)


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Original title [Translated

title]. Place of publication: Publisher.

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Original title. Place of


Candegabe (1997: 25) revealed

that...

Candegabe, E. F. 1997. Materia medica comparada

[Comparative medical material]. Buckinghamshire:

Beaconsfield Publishers.

or

Candegabe, E. F. 1997. Materia medica comparada.

Buckinghamshire: Beaconsfield Publishers.

7

Book reviews


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Reviewer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication of review. Title of book

being reviewed by Author(s) of book, reviewed in Title of Journal/Newspaper

containing the review, volume(issue), page.

Reviewer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication of review. Title of review

(Review of the book Title of book). Title of Journal/Newspaper containing the

review (format). Available: web address. Accessed date.

Time is a contributing factor…

(Raju 2005).

Raju, R. 2005. The Project Management Toolkit by Kendrick, T.,

reviewed in Engineering, 57(5), 25.

Parfit (1997) commented that… Parfit, M. 1997. Breathless (Review of the book The climb:

tragic ambitions on Everest). New York Times on the Web

(online). Available:

http://search.nytimes.com/books/reviews/971207.07parfitt.html

(Accessed 7 October 1999).

Translated work

For works which have been translated the reference should include details of the translator and for major historical

works the date of the original work may be included.


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title: subtitle. Translated

from original Language by Surname, Initial/s of Translator. Place of

publication: Publisher

A recent study indicated that...

(Richter and Hebgen 2009: 23).

Richter, P. and Hebgen, E. 2009. Trigger points and muscle

chains in osteopath. Translated from German by Wilms, S.

Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag.

http://search.nytimes.com/books/reviews/971207.07parfitt.html

8

Reports


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Organisational reports:

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / Organisation. Year. Title of report. Place:

Publisher.

E-reports:

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / Organisation. Year. Title of report (format). Place:

Publisher. Available: website address (Accessed date).

The report (Department of Health

2001) suggests…

…is key to a healthy work

environment (Coulter and Collins

2011).

Department of Health. 2001. National service framework for

older people. London: Department of Health.

Coulter, A. and Collins, A. 2011. Making shared decision-

making a reality: no decision about me, without me. London: The

King's Fund.

The report (Department of Health

2001) suggests…

…is key to a healthy work

environment (Coulter and Collins

2011).

Department of Health. 2001. National service framework for

older people (online). London: Department of Health. Available:

http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/

documents/digitalasset/dh_4071283.pdf (Accessed 2 May 2011).

Coulter, A. and Collins, A. 2011. Making shared decision-

making a reality: no decision about me, without me (online).

London: The King's Fund. Available:

http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/nhs_decisionmaking.html

(Accessed 12 September 2011).

E-books


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format). Place of

publication: Publisher. Available: website address (Accessed date).

Appannaiah and Ramanath (2009)

discuss the importance of industrial

management...

Appannaiah, H. R. and Ramanath, H. R. 2009. Perspective

management (online). Mumbai, India: Global Media.

Available: http://www.ebrary.com (Accessed 20 January

2012).

http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/nhs_decisionmaking.html

9

Chapters in an e-book


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Chapter title: subtitle. In:

Surname, Initial/s. Title of book: subtitle (format). Edition. Place of

publication: Publisher. Available: website address (Accessed date).

According to Johnson (2002: 2)… Johnson, D. 2002. A man‟s perspective. In: Peter, C. Women

are from Jupiter (online). Durban, South Africa: Global

Media. Available: http://www.ebrary.com (Accessed 20

January 2010).

Electronic encyclopaedias

Wikipedia is not considered an academic source


(Title Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Title of encyclopaedia. Subject (format). Year of publication. Available:

website address (Accessed date).

Plastic surgery is a speciality…

(Mosby‟s encyclopaedia of anatomy,

2009: 67).

Mosby’s encyclopaedia of anatomy. Plastic surgery (online).

2009. Available: http://mosby.org/Plastic_surgery.htm

(Accessed 11 December 2009).

To distinguish between the article title and the journal title – the journal title is either

underlined or put in italics.

Some journals indicate seasons of the year (Autumn / Fall, Winter, Spring, Summer),

or parts of the year (First quarter, Second quarter, Third quarter, Fourth quarter) or

just the names of the month in which they are published (January, February, March,

etc.) to identify the different parts.

Journals with volume and part/issue number

In-text

Surname (year of publication: page number/s)

or

(Surname Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Article title:

subtitle. Journal title, volume number(part/issue number): page

number/s.

Simelane (2009: 87) stated that natural

resources have been conserved …

Simelane, T. 2009. African traditional knowledge

systems and biodiversity management. Africa insight,

39(3): 84-93. “The conservation of natural resources has

long been practiced by African

communities” (Simelane 2009: 87).

Format for journals and periodicals

(print and online)

http://mosby.org/Plastic_surgery

10

Journals with no volume number

Use the date or any other descriptor e.g. Summer.

Where there is no volume or issue number, a comma (not a colon) is placed after the title of the journal. This

shows that the page numbers follow.


number/s)


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Article title: subtitle.

Journal title, Part name/descriptor: page numbers.

Walton (2011: 12) recommends that

you prepare an argument…

Walton, S. B. 2011. A good response to a bad idea:

disagreeing with management confidently and effectively.

Public relations strategist, Fall: 12-14.

“Responding effectively to a bad

idea requires making your response

business-relevant and constructing a

supported case” (Walton 2011: 12).

Journals: Special issues (supplementary issue)

In-text

Surname (year of publication: page

number/s)


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Article title: subtitle.

Journal title, volume number(Supplement): page number/s.

According to Mapesela and Hay

(2006: 720) staff is discouraged

about…

Mapesela, M. and Hay, D. H. 2006. The effect of change and

transformation on academic staff and job satisfaction: a case

of a South African university of higher education. The

international journal of higher education and educational

planning, 37(Suppl.): 711-747.

11

Journal articles from Internet sources or databases


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of article. Journal title

(format), volume number(issue number): pages. Available: website address

(Accessed date).

Mapesela and Hay (2006: 712)

state that...

Mapesela, M. and Hay, D. H. 2006. The effect of change and

transformation on academic staff and job satisfaction: a case of

a South African university. Higher education: the international

journal of higher education and educational planning (online),

52(4): 711-747. Available: http://search.epnet.com (Accessed 10

December 2009).

According to Ibiyemi, Adenuga

and Odusami (2009: 26)...

Ibiyemi, A. O., Adenuga, A. O., and Odusami, K. T. 2009.

Comparative analysis of traditional procurement methods in

Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of construction (online), 2(2): 26.

Available: http://www.asocsa.org/JOC2009Vol2No2content.pdf


Journals (reference to more than one publication by same author in the same

year)

If referencing sources which are written by the same author and published in the same year, use letters a, b, c, etc.

after the publication year (without a space) to distinguish between them. Each source would require a separate entry in the reference list.

In-text Surname (year of publication{indication of

sequence}): page number/s)

or

(Surname Year of publication{indication

of sequence}: page number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication{indication of sequence}. Title

of article. Journal title (format), volume number(issue number): pages.

Available: website address (Accessed date).

Reynolds (2010a: 165) suggested

that…

Reynolds (2010b: 1056) explained

that…

Reynolds, A. J. 2010a. Predicting adult criminal behaviour from

juvenile delinquency. Advances in life course research (online),

15: 161-170. Available: http://www.elsevier.com/locate

(Accessed 19 January 2012).

Reynolds, A. J. 2010b. Preschool education, educational

attainment and crime prevention. Children and youth services

review (online), 32: 1054-1063. Available:

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth (Accessed 19

January 2012).

http://www.elsevier.com/locate

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth

12

Newspapers


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of

Newspaper, Date of newspaper issue: page numbers.

Begley (2012: 11) reports that full-

genome sequencing could help

decide …

Begley, S. 2012. Genomes: the future has arrived: a new DNA

reader is set to bring genetics into everyday medicine – but

how many advantages will this in fact bring? The Witness, 23

January: 11.

“Full-genome sequencing could

provide real benefits in determining

which patients will benefit from a

drug.” (Begley 2012: 11)

Online newspapers


number/s)


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of

Newspaper (format), Month and day: page number/s. Available: website

address (Accessed date).

According to Gontsana (2009: 3)... Gontsana, M. 2009. Residents clean up after fire. Cape Times

(online), December 11: 3. Available:

http://www.capetimes.co.za (Accessed 11 December 2009).

Papers in conference proceedings


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of conference

paper/contribution. In: Editor Surname, Initial/s., ed. Title of Conference

Proceedings. Place of conference, date of conference. Place of publication

(if known): Publisher, page numbers.

Huxham (2009: 26) argue that

through-put rates…

Huxham, M. 2009. Learning in lectures: do interactive

windows help? In: Shakya, G. ed. JISC Conference on

Learning Online. England, 6-9 August 2009. Liverpool:

Open University, 25-28.

http://www.capetimes.co.za/

13

Lecture notes and study guides

The title of an unpublished work is not written in italics


number/s)


number/s)

Reference list Lecturer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Title. Name of issuing body, date

received.

Mkhize (2011: 17) argues that …

Mkhize, M. 2012. Community health nursing practice 3,

lecture notes distributed in the department of nursing, Durban

University of Technology, 20 January 2012.

Lecture notes on a Learning Management Software (LMS) Platform

[Blackboard, Moodle]


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Lecturer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Lecture title, from LMS course code

{capitalised} Title of course. Teaching organisation, location and date of

presentation. Available: LMS name. (Accessed date).

Naidoo (2010) recommends… Naidoo, S. 2010. Using the discovery service, from IL102

Information literacy 102. Durban University of Technology,

Durban on 6 June. Available: Blackboard (Accessed 29 July

2010).

Meeting minutes

In-text Committee name (year of publication:

page number/s)

or

(Committee name Year of publication:

page number/s)

Reference list Name of Committee. Year. Title. Organisation, Location

The members (Information

Services Committee 2006) put

forward a motion to …

Information Services Committee. 2006. Minutes of the meeting

held on 8th November 2006. Durban University of Technology,

Durban, South Africa.

Format for unpublished works

(print and online)

14

Theses and Dissertations

The title of an unpublished work is not written in italics


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Title. Degree, Name of institution.

According to Perumal (2010: 18)

higher education…

Perumal, R. 2010. The development of universities of

technology in the higher education landscape in South Africa.

D.Tech, Durban University of Technology.

Theses and dissertations from an Institutional Repository


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Title (format). Degree, Name of

institution. Available: website address (Accessed date).

Shacksnovis (2005: 11) argues…

Shacksnovis, R. 2005. The relative effectiveness of

myofascial manipulation versus ischaemic compression in the

treatment of myofascial trigger points of the upper trapezius

muscle (online). M.Tech, Durban University of Technology.

Available: http://ir.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/167 (Accessed 20

January 2012).

Internet sources with author/s


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format). Available:


Smith (2009: 712) states... Smith, P. 2009. Transformation critical to higher education

and training (online). Available:

http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/higher-education-

under-construction-2009-07-17 (Accessed 10 December

2009).

Format for electronic sources

http://ir.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/167

15

Internet sources without an author/s

Items that have no author or date should be evaluated to determine their authenticity or suitability for academic

purposes.


(Title year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Title (format). Year the website was updated. Available: website address

(Accessed date).

Leadership issues were discussed

(Providing leadership for libraries

2009).

Providing leadership for libraries (online). 2009. Available:

http://www.diglib.org/ (Accessed 10 December 2009).

Personal communications (telephone conversation, interviews and e-mail)

Personal communications are noted in the in-text reference but are not included in the reference list.

It is important to get permission from the person referred to in the in-text reference, to use this information.

In-text …communication method on date, Name of person

Reference list

In an e-mail communication on 10 June 1995, the Director of

Siemens, Wren indicated that…

No entries in the Reference list

In a telephone conversation on 17 July 2011, the Kwazulu-

Natal Director of Nursing, Dr Petty highlighted…

Evidence given by the Director of Nursing, Dr. Petty (1999,

pers. comm. 17 July)

when interviewed on 12 December 2009, Gouden (DUT

student) stated that…

Blogs (weblogs)


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / alias). Year of post. Title of the posting. Title

of the site (format). Available: blog address. (Accessed date)

According to Frank (2009)… Frank, R. 2009. The future of environment. About our country

(online). Available: http://www.ourcountry.blogger.com

(Accessed 22 May 2009).

http://www.ourcountry.blogger.com/

16

Social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Bebo, etc.)

In-text Surname (year of publication)

or

(Surname Year)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / alias). Year of post. Title of page. (Title of

website) Day month of posted message. Available: web address

(Accessed date).

According to Jones (2009)… Jones, S. 2009. Referencing group. (Facebook) 5 May.

Available:

http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=10004524134


Communication is key… (Dr Phil

2009).

Dr Phil. 2009. Rules of engagement. (Facebook) 20 February.

Available:


(Accessed 20 February 2009).

Computer programs


number/s)

or


number/s)

Reference list

Creator‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of program (format).


This software will revolutionise…

(Thomson Reuters 2010).

Thomson Reuters. 2010. EndNote x4: advance your research

and publish instantly (computer software and manual).

Available: http://www.endnote.com/ (Accessed 21 July

2010).

The results (Schwarzer 1989)

revealed…

Schwarzer, R. 1989. Statistics software for meta-analysis

(computer software and manual). Available:

http://www.yorku.ca/faculty/academic/schwarze/meta_e.htm



http://www.endnote.com/

http://www.yorku.ca/faculty/academic/schwarze/meta_e.htm

17

Commissions with a chairperson

In the title of a Commission of Inquiry, the significant words of the title should begin with capital letters.


number/s)


number/s)

Reference list Chairperson‟s Surname, Initial/s., Chairperson. Year of publication. Title of

Inquiry. Place of publication: Publisher.

In the Commission of Inquiry into

Racism (Grey 2009: 78), it was

stated…

Grey, D. S., Chairperson. 2009. Commission of Inquiry into

Racism. Pretoria: Government Printer.

Commissions without a chairperson

In-text Commission‟s name (year of publication:

page number/s)

or

(Commission‟s name Year of publication:

page number/s)

Reference list Place of inquiry. Title of Inquiry. Year of publication. Place of publication:

Publisher.

It was reported in the Commission of

Inquiry into the Public Health Sector

(2007: 45) that most…

South Africa. Commission of Inquiry into the Public Health

Sector. 2007. Final Report. Pretoria: Government Printer.

Councils (as issuing bodies)

In-text Council name (year of publication: page

number/s)

or

(Council name Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list Name of Council. Year of publication. Title. Place of publication: Publisher.

The South African Geographical

Names Council (2008: 55) has

researched the meaning…

The South African Geographical Names Council. 2008. Annual

Report. Pretoria: Department of Arts, Culture, Science and

Technology.

Format for government publications (print and online)

18

Government gazettes

In-text Country (year of publication: page number/s)

or

(Country Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Year of publication. Title. Government Gazette

number: Day Month.

It was stated in the policy (South Africa

2009: 54-56) that…

South Africa. 2009. Environmental policy for South Africa

(Notice 2093 of 2009). Government Gazette number

19862: 18 April.

Government gazettes (electronic format)


or


Reference list Name of Country. Year of publication. Title. Government Gazette

number: Day Month (format). Available: website address (Accessed

date).

It was stated in the policy (Republic of

South Africa 2009: 54-56) that…

Republic of South Africa. 2009. Environmental policy for

South Africa (Notice 2093 of 2009). Government Gazette

number 19862: 18 April (online). Available:

http://jutalaw.co.za (Accessed 01 January 2010).

Green papers


or


Reference list

Name of Country. Date. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.

It was stated (South Africa 2009: 23)

that…

South Africa. 2009. Green paper on national strategic

planning. Pretoria: Government Printer.

Government departments (as issuing bodies)

In-text Department name (year of publication: page

number/s)

or

(Department name Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Name of Department. Year of Publication. Title.

Place of Publication: Publisher.

According to the latest figures

(Department of Health 2008: 11)…

South Africa. Department of Health. 2008. Nursing strategy

for South Africa. Pretoria: Government Printer.

http://jutalaw.co.za/

19

Green papers (electronic format)


or


Reference list Name of Country. Year of Publication. Title (format). Available:


South Africa (2009: 23)… South Africa. 2009. Green paper on national strategic

planning (online). Available: http://jutalaw.co.za


White papers


or


Reference list Name of Country. Department. Year of publication. Title. Government

Gazette number: Day Month.

As reported in the White Paper (South

Africa 2009: 54) the results show…

South Africa. Department of Education. 2009. White paper

on e-education. Government Gazette number 17564: 17

May.

White papers (electronic format)



Reference list Name of Country. Department. Year of publication. Title. Government

Gazette number: Day Month (format). Available: website address

(Accessed date).

As reported in the White Paper (South

Africa 2009: 98) the results show…

South Africa. Department of Education. 2009. White paper

on e-education. Government Gazette number 17564: 17

May (online). Available: http://jutalaw.co.za (Accessed 01

January 2010).

Laws or Acts


or


Reference list Name of Country. Year. Title of Act. Place of publication: Publisher.

The declaration of human rights by

South Africa (2010) state that…

South Africa. 2010. Human Rights Act 43 of 2010.

Pretoria: Government Printer.



20

Laws or Acts (electronic format)



Reference list Name of Country. Year. Title of Act (format). Available: website

address (Accessed date).

South Africa Parliament (2010)...

South Africa. 2010. Human Rights Act 4 of 2010 (online).

Available: http://sahrc.org.za (Accessed 6 November

2010).

Law cases

In-text

Name v. Name (date)

Reference list Name of the parties involved in the law case. Year of reporting. The law

reporting series abbreviated part number/case number, page reference if

available.

In the recent case of Royal v. White

(2011), the defense noted...

Royal v. White. 2011. SALR 842/11240, 190.

Tax cases

In-text Name v. Name (date)

Reference list Name vs. Name. Year of publication. (Volume), Source page begins.

(Court).

Avex Air (Pty) Ltd. v. Borough of

Vryheid (1973) revealed that…

Avex Air (Pty) Ltd. v. Borough of Vryheid. 1973. (70),

SATC 223. (SCA).

Patents

In-text Surname (year of publication: page number/s)

or


Reference list

Name of author/inventor. Year of publication. Title of patent. Country

of patent, patent number.

Smith (2009: 20) discovered that… Smith, D. T. 2009. Heat regulator. SA patent, 333371.

http://sahrc.org.za/

21

Standards

In-text Corporate author (year of publication: page

number/s)

or

(Corporate author Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list Corporate author. Year of publication. Title, number. Place of


Corporate author. Year of publication. Title, number (format).


According to the South African Bureau

of Standards (2010: 11)…

South African Bureau of Standards. 2010. Code of practice

[for] the installation, inspection and maintenance of

equipment used in explosive atmospheres. Part 1,

Installations including surface installations on mines,

SABS 86-1:2001. Pretoria: South African Bureau of

Standards.

South African Bureau of Standards. 2010. Code of practice

for the installation, inspection and maintenance of

equipment used in explosive atmosphere. Part 1,

Installation including surface installations of mines, SABS

86-1:2001 (online).

Available: ftp://libresources/SANS%20-

%20SABS/Catalogue%20SANS%20-%20SABS%20-

%20%20Nov%202007/CatalogueNov2007.pdf (accessed

22 November 2009).

Images


or


Reference list Originator‟s Surname, Initial/s. Date. Title (format). Place of

Publication: Publisher.

Title (format). Year of publication. Place of publication: Publisher.

The picture (Pillay 2009) illustrates

that…

Image with author:

Pillay, S. 2009. Table mountain at night (image). Durban:

ABC Publishing.

Dragons Peak (2009: 3) illustrates… Image without author:

Dragons Peak (image). 2009. Durban: ABC Publishing.

Format for images, artwork, video recordings

(print and online)

ftp://libresources/SANS - SABS/Catalogue SANS - SABS - Nov 2007/CatalogueNov2007.pdf



22

Online images


(Surname year of publication: page number/s)

Title (year of publication)

Reference list Originator‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format).


Title of Image (format). Year of publication. Available: website address

(Accessed date).

The ship was clearly too close to the

shore as is depicted in the photo

(Thomas 2012).

Image with author:

Thomas, D. 2012. The sinking Costa Concordia (image).

Available:

http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=costa+concordia&f=hp


When looking at the image Mary of

Modena, fleeing with her son James

Francis Edward Stewart (1688), it is

obvious that…

Image without author:

Mary of Modena, fleeing with her son James Francis

Edward Stewart (image).1688. Available:

http://www.scran.ac.uk (Accessed 02 February 2006).

Art works (photographs, paintings)


or


Reference list Originator‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format), size,

location.

or

Originator‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of the work

(format). In: Author/Editor of book. Year. Title. Place of publication:

Publisher.

Horan (2002) demonstrates… Horan, D. 2002. Kipper in the cat’s mouth (painting),

20x30 cm, National Gallery, London.

Masolino painting (1427) illustrates… Masolino, T. 1427. The Temptation of Adam and Eve

(painting). In: Brucwmitford, M. 1996. The illustrated

book of signs and symbols. London: Dorling Kindersley.

TV programme / broadcast

If you are accessing the programme online, e.g. via SABC iplayer, then you would amend the reference as

indicated in the second example

In-text Programme title (year of publication)

or

(Programme title year of publication)

Reference list Title of programme (format). Date of production. Channel, date of

transmission, time of broadcast.

Sir Alan Sugar (The Apprentice 2008)

exemplifies…

The Apprentice (broadcast). 2008. SABC 1, 14 June,

1500hrs.

The Apprentice (broadcast). 2008. SABC 1, 14 June.

Available: http://www.sabc.co.za/iplayer (Accessed 14

June 2008).

23

Film / Video recordings

In-text Film title (year of publication)

or

(Film title year of publication)

Reference list Title of Film (format). Year. Directed by Director‟s name, place of

production: Production company.

The animation of the Ents (Lord of the

rings: the two towers 2003) is a good

example of…

Lord of the Rings: the two towers (film). 2003. Directed by Peter

Jackson. New York: Newline Productions Inc.

Online video (YouTube, Vimeo)

In-text Surname (year of publication)

or

(Surname Year of publication)

Reference list Screen name of contributor. Year of publication. Video Title, Series

Title (if relevant) (format). Available: website address (Accessed date).

Mrgeorged (2009) discusses…

Mrgeorged. 2009. Top Gear, The stig revealed (video

online). Available:

http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=eTapK5dRaw4

(Accessed 23 June 2009).

Live performances

In-text Surname (year of performance)

or

(Surname Year of performance)

Reference list Dance:

Composer/Choreographer. Year of premiere. Title. Company

{optional}. (Location. Date seen).

Play:

Title by Author. Year of performance. Directed by Company {optional}.

(Location. Date seen).

Ashton (1994) captured…

Priestly (2009) illustrated…

Ashton, F. 1994. Cinderella. (Royal Opera House,

London. 13 January 2004).

An inspector calls by Priestley, J. B. 2009. Directed by

Daldry, S. Arts Theatre. (Cambridge. 11 May).

http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=eTapK5dRaw4

24

Useful websites

This booklet is not a comprehensive guide. For additional information please consult the following

useful sites on Harvard referencing:

http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/pdf/harvard.pdf

http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib/researchhelp/harvard_system.htm

http://www.turnitin.com

http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/bibl.htm

http://utas.libguides.com/referencing

http://web.up.ac.za/sitefiles/file/40/753/referencing_2009.pdf

Example of a Reference List

Callison, D. and Preddy, L. 2006. The blue book on information age, inquiry, instruction and literacy.

Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited.

Cronje, M., Murdoch, N. and Smit, R. (eds). 2003. Reference techniques: Harvard method and APA

style (online). Available: http://www.uj.ac.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=iMfpK7IpJSM%3D&tabid


Denscombe, M. 2003. The good research guide for small-scale social research projects. 2nd

ed.

Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Queen Margaret University. 2001. How to reference using the Harvard system of referencing (online).

Available: http://healthsciences.qmuc.ac.uk/RESOURCES/Documents/Harvard_referencing.htm


University of South Australia. 2007. Referencing using the Harvard author-date system: developed

using the Commonwealth of Australia style manual for authors, editors and printers of 2002 (online).

Available: http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/harvard.pdf (Accessed 05 February

2010).

http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/pdf/harvard.pdf

http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib/researchhelp/harvard_system.htm

http://www.turnitin.com/

http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/bibl.htm

http://utas.libguides.com/referencing

http://web.up.ac.za/sitefiles/file/40/753/referencing_2009.pdf

http://www.uj.ac.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=iMfpK7IpJSM%3D&tabid

http://healthsciences.qmuc.ac.uk/RESOURCES/Documents/Harvard_referencing.htm

http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/harvard.pdf

Cover Referencing Guide - dempt.co.zadempt.co.za/prce2016/refguide2015D8.pdf · honesty....

Documents

Transcript of Cover Referencing Guide - dempt.co.zadempt.co.za/prce2016/refguide2015D8.pdf · honesty....