Cover Page to Abstract
Click here to load reader
-
Upload
vikram-pratap-singh -
Category
Documents
-
view
26 -
download
3
Transcript of Cover Page to Abstract
Prevalence of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in selected pre-school girls (4-6 years) of rural areas of Allahabad
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the
Centre of Food Technology
University Of Allahabad, Allahabad
In partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
In
Nutritional Sciences
By
RACHANA(10AU 1540)
Under the supervision of
Dr. NEELAM YADAV
Centre of Food TechnologyUniversity Of Allahabad, Allahabad
Uttar Pradesh June 2012
Centre of Food Technology
University of Allahabad, Allahabad,
211002.
Certificate of Evaluation Committee
This project report entitled “Determinants of PEM in pre-school children (4-6 years) of urban areas of Allahabad” “has been prepared and submitted by Shweta Mishra in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master of Science degree in Nutritional Sciences, Centre of Food Technology , University of Allahabad, is hereby accepted for the award of the degree.
Members of Evaluation Committee SignatureName, Designation and Department
1. Prof. G.K. Rai ………………. Coordinator, Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad
2. Dr. Neelam Yadav ………………..Reader, Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad
3. Mrs. Vinita Puranik ………………. Course Coordinator Centre of Food Technology,
University of Allahabad
4. Dr. Neetu Mishra ………………..
Lecturer, Centre of Food Technology,University of AllahabadDate:
Centre of Food Technology
University of Allahabad, Allahabad,
211002.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project report entitled “Determinants of PEM in pre-school girls (4-6
years) of rural areas of Allahabad” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
master’s degree in Nutritional Sciences, Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad,
is a record of bonafide project work carried out by Rachana under my supervision and no parts
of project report has been submitted for other degree or diploma.
Dr. Neelam Yadav Mrs. Urvashi Sharma
(Supervisor) (Co-supervisor)
Place- Allahabad. Place- Allahabad
Date- Date-
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I bow my head to express my deepest sense of gratitude to “Almighty
God” for give me health, wealth and mind to do hard work for my thesis.
I am privileged to thank Prof. G.K. Rai, Coordinator Centre of Food Technology,
University of Allahabad, for providing all the facilities and encouragement necessary for
successful completion of thesis work.
I deeply express my gratitude to my supervisor – Dr. Neelam Yadav, Reader, Centre of
Food Technology, University of Allahabad and my Co-supervisor Mrs. Urvashi Sharma,
Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad, I owe immensely to them for their
incomparable efficiency, guidance and constant support. They installed courage and confidence
in me throughout my thesis work.
I am thankful to my teachers- Dr. Neetu Mishra, Mrs. Vinita Puranik, Mrs. Reena Chaturvedi as
they were always there to help me with their precious advice. I would like to thanks all the
fellows and research scholars especially Ms. Mudita Verma, Ms. Shruti Sharma and Mrs. Alka
Singh for their support whenever needed.
I express my beautiful gratitude to my colleagues Shweta Mishra and Pankaj Tiwari as
they formed a great team to work with tremendous zeal on this project. A profound thanks to the
office, laboratory and library authorities of Centre of Food Technology for providing the
necessary facilities for completing this research work. I am indebted to Mr. Manoj Yadav for
taking us on the field trips.
A special thanks to all the Anganwadi workers namely Asha ji, Sangeeta ji, Shanti ji ,
Munni ji, Sarita ji, Suman ji, Meena ji, Manju ji and their assistants; primary school teachers-
Geeta ji, and Nirmala ji for their friendly and significant co-operation.
Date- Rachana
ABSTRACT
Prevalence of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in selected pre-school girls (4-6 years) of rural areas of Allahabad.
Malnutrition is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. It affects almost 800
million people – 20% of all in the developing world (WHO, 2010). Thus, after pondering over
this problem, this cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the status of PEM and related
micronutrient deficiencies particularly of Vitamin A and anaemia. The study was conducted by
survey method in which total 101 pre-school girls, aged between 4 to 6 years were selected
randomly from the Anganwadi centers located in different villages of two blocks of Allahabad
namely, Kaundhiyara (trans- Yamuna) and Soraon (trans- Ganga).Data were collected with the
help of pre-tested schedule. Anthropometric measurements namely height, weight and Mid upper
arm circumference (MUAC) were recorded and compared with ICMR and NHANES standards.
Quantitative estimation of haemoglobin levels was done by Cyanamethaemoglobin method and
nutrient intake was calculated by 3- days dietary recall method. Prevalence of PEM was found to
be 34% as per IAP standards, however according to Gomez classification it came to be 66%.
Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency observed as night blindness was found to be 5%, whereas
prevalence of anaemia was strikingly 100% out of which 7.5% were mild and 92.5% were
moderately anaemic. Mean intake of calories, protein, calcium, total vitamin A (β-carotene and
retinol), iron and vitamin C were significantly less than the ICMR RDA. Observed mean height
and weight of both groups (4-5 and 5-6 years) was less than the ICMR standards but it was not
significant (p<0.05). Average MUAC of the respondents belonging to (5-6 years) was
significantly less when compared to NHANES standard. A positive and significant correlation of
protein and energy was found with weight whereas protein, iron and vitamin C were also found
significantly correlated with haemoglobin. Therefore, it may be concluded that the prevalence of
PEM and anaemia is high among rural pre-school girls.
(Dr. Neelam Yadav) (Mrs. Urvashi Sharma) (Rachana)
Supervisor Co-supervisor Student
CONTENTS
Chapter Topic Page No.
I. INTRODUCTION 1-3
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-14
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 15-21
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22-52
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 53
VI. REFERENCES
VIII APPENDICES
INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
MATERIALS AND
METHOD
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSION
BIBILIOGRAPHY