COVENANT UNIVERSITY

ALPHA SEMESTER TUTORIAL KIT (VOL. 2)

P R O G R A M M E : A RC H I T E C T U R E

300 LEVEL

1

DISCLAIMER

The contents of this document are intended for practice and learning purposes at the undergraduate

level. The materials are from different sources including the internet and the contributors do not

in any way claim authorship or ownership of them. The materials are also not to be used for any

commercial purpose.

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LIST OF COURSES

*ARC311: Architectural Design III

ARC312: Community Development Initiatives

ARC313: History of Modern Architecture 1

ARC314: Urban Planning and Design I

ARC315: Building Structures III

ARC316: Building Components & Methods III

ARC317: Building Services I

*ARC319: Introduction to AUTOCAD – 3D

*Not included

3

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANNAN LAND, KM. 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: CST DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 313 COURSE TITLE: History of Modern

Architecture 1

INSTRUCTION: Answer all Questions in Section A and any three in section B

TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

Section A.

Question 1

The historical process which led to the creation of the Modern Movement had no clear beginning.

Briefly discuss a number of predisposing causes and strands of idea said to have led to the creation of the Modern Movement.

Question 2

(a) Describe precisely the “leit motif” of the Art Nouveau and;

(b) Name the work of an architect which illustrates the principle of Art- Nouveau and describe its characteristics.

Section B

Question 3

(a) Name three men around whose works the DE STJL Movement was centered.

(b) Outline the characteristics of the SCHROEDER House in Utrecht and outline the characteristics of the house.

4

Question 4

Discuss CUBISM, its evolution and impact on Modern Architecture

Question 5

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the architecture of Antonio Gaudi. Name two of his buildings and give short description of each.

Question 6

Write short notes on four of the following:

(i) Antonio Sant’Elia (ii) Henri van de velde (iii) Ornament and ormentation (iv) le corbusier’s five points of a new Architecture (v) H.P. Berlage

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COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc. EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SESSION: 2015/2016 SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 314 CREDIT UNIT: 3

COURSE TITLE: URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN 1

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY

TIME: 3 HOURS

MODEL ANSWERS

NO.1 BASIC COMPONENTS OF TOWNS AND CITIES (25 MARKS)

Towns, cities, and metropolitan areas have four basic components:

I Buildings:- designed by architects, built by builders under the supervision

of the Architect;

ii. Open spaces:- Allocated on ground by urban planners, landscape architects, or

Trained technicians

iii. Circulation-utility corridors:- includes street, highways, railways, and rapid-

transit systems—which are usually planned and designed by engineers. When

viewed in conjunction with overall building design, they seen to establish the

basic character of cities. Connecting and servicing buildings and quality open

spaces, channeling traffic and utilities throughout urban areas,

iv. Commemorative sites:-—Cemeteries e.g ( VGC, Ikoyi cemeteries), historic

spots (crash site, bomb blast sites, wreath sites etc), battlefields—are important

because they memorialize and symbolize important events in personal, local,

national, or world history.

Wherever they occur, these sites or areas are marked with stone or bronze

memorials and often dramatized with more elaborate developments.

NO. 2 (a) OPEN SPACES (25 MARKS)

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Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or

other built structures) and is accessible to the public. They include the

followings:

1. Green space (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees,

shrubs, or other vegetation). Green space includes parks, community gardens,

and cemeteries.

2. Schoolyards: play area for school children or a playground adjacent to a

school.

3. Public seating areas

4. Playgrounds: an outdoor recreation area for children, usually equipped with

swings, slides, seesaws, and other play equipment.

A resort or other place used for recreation by a particular group of people.

5. Vacant Lots: a small area of land that has fixed boundaries.

6. Public plazas: Town square- an open square, or widened area in highways- a

part of the highway that has been widened as a multilane approach to a set of

tollbooths.

It could also be a parking area- parking lot adjacent to a highway.

(b) FUNCTIONS OF OPEN SPACES.

Understanding the varied functions of urban open spaces is an important

Part of helping to improve their effectiveness, both by enabling better management of

existing urban spaces as well as improving the design of new ones.

There are many attempts to list these functions, but the following summary

Divides the functions up into three main groups:

1. Environmental and ecological functions,

2. Social and societal functions

3. Structural and aesthetic functions.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGYCAL FUNCTIONS

1 Climatic amelioration

2 Noise screening

3 Influencing the hydrological cycle – storm water management

4 Providing habitats for wild plants and animals

SOCIAL AND SOCIETAL FUNCTIONS

1 Providing space and facilities for leisure and recreation

2. Facilitating social contact and communication

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3. Access to and experience of nature

4. Influencing human physical and psychological health and well-being

STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS

1. Articulating, dividing and linking areas of the urban fabric

2. Improving the legibility of the city

3. Establishing a sense of place

4. Acting as a carrier of identity, meanings and values

No. 3 Theories explaining the emergence of towns (ANY THREE BELOW) (25

MARKS)

Central Place Theory

Developed by the German geographer Walter Christaller in 1933

it explain the reasons behind the distribution patterns, size, and number

of cities and towns

Tested in Southern Germany and came to the conclusion that people

gather together in cities to share goods and ideas.

Assumptions of Central Place Theory

Humans will always purchase goods from closest place

Unbounded isotropic (all flat), homogeneous, limitless surface

Evenly distributed population

All settlements are equidistant and exist in a triangular lattice pattern

Evenly distributed resources

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Public Choice Theory

Proposed by Paul Peterson in his book (City Limits) in 1 981

State that urban politicians and governing regimes are subordinate to the

overall economic principles that force cities to compete to capture new

investment and capital

The competitive nature of cities encourages the business elite and

politicians to favour new development.

THE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT

The concept was proposed by Clarence A. perry in 1929

Size: should provide housing for a population of between 5,000 – 10,000

persons. At least, one primary school.

Boundaries: the neighbourhood should be bounded by arterials, this is

to facilitate its being by-passed, rather than its being penetrated by

through traffic.

Institutional Site: *Institutional Site: School sites and other

institutional sites should be situated grouped about a central axis or point.

Internal Circulation System: these should reflect safety by limiting

through traffic.

-Safety of the residents should be the guiding factor.

9

-Two-class hierarchy of streets is preferred within the neighbourhood

(the collector and the local streets)

Open Spaces: the neighbourhood should have a system of small parks

and recreation spaces to meet the need of the particular neighbourhood.

Community Centre and Local Shops: It should be served with centrally

located community centres and shops.

Grid Model/Hippodamian Plan

Examples; The city of Priene

Proposed by Hippodamus of Miletus who is considered the father of

rational city planning

The Centre of the city contains the Market place, theatres, and Temples.

Residential buildings surround the city’s public arenas.

The plan can be laid out uniformly over any kind of terrain since it is

based on angles and measurements.

Plan can be laid out uniformly over any kind of terrain since it is based

on angles and measurements.

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Concentric Zone Model

Also known as The Burges Model, The Bull’s Eye Model.

Developed in the 1920’s by an urban sociologist Ernest Burgess.

The model portrays how cities social groups are spatially arranged in a

series of rings.

The size of the rings may vary, but the order always remains the same.

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1 Central Business District (CBD)

This area of the city is a non-residential area and it is where businesses are.

This area is called downtown a lot of sky scrapers houses government institutions,

businesses, stadia and restaurants

2 Zone of Transition

The zone of transition contains industry and has poorer-quality housing available

houses here are created by subdividing larger house into apartments.

3 Zone of the Working Class

This area contains modest older houses occupied by stable working class families.

A larger percentage of the people in this area rent.

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4 Zone of Better Residence

This zone contains newer and more spacious houses.

Mostly families in the middle-class live in this zone.

5 Commuter’s Zone /Suburbs

This area is located beyond the build-up area of the city.

Mostly upper class residents live in this area.

Concentric Zone Model Shortcomings

It assumes an isotropic plain

Land may restrict growth of certain sectors

The model does not fit polycentric cities

it describes the peculiar American geography, where the inner city is poor while

suburbs are wealthy; the converse is the norm elsewhere.

Sector Model

Examples: Chicago, Newcastle

Developed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt

it is a model of the internal structure of cities

Social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges

radiating out from the CBD and centred on major transportation lines.

Low-income households to be near rail road lines and commercial

establishments to be along business thorough fares.

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Sector Model Shortcomings

Applies well to some towns only

Low cost housing is near industry and transportation

The early model does not take into account the use of cars. People can

live anywhere and further from the city with the aid of cars.

Multiple Nuclei Model

The Multiple Nuclei Model is an ecological model created by Chauncy

Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945

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City grows from several independent points rather from one CBD

As these expand, they merge to form a single urban area.

Ports, Universities, Airports and Parks also act as nodes.

Based on the idea that people have greater movement due to increase

car ownership.

Urban Realms Model

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No. 4 . [A] PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (25 MARKS)

a. Public participation is the involvement of people in the creation and

management of their built and natural environments.

b. Public participation is a political principle or practice, and may also be

recognised as a right (right to public participation).

c. The term Public participation is sometimes referred to as: the concept

or practice of stakeholder’s engagement and/or popular participation.

d. Participatory planning is a set of processes through which diverse

groups and interests engage together in reaching for a consensus on a plan and

its implementation.

e. Public participation seeks and facilitates the involvement of those

potentially affected by or interested in a decision.

(b) SHORTCOMINGS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

* The participatory approach has not been validated yet in real case studies,

therefore its actual application is still unknown

* The process needs continuous involvement of the stakeholders in series of

meetings, this will need the availability of sufficient fund and time.

* It is necessary to train the community workers in participatory techniques.

* There is the risk of concentrating the decision making process only on

those stakeholders who have a technical background and the authorities, living

the end users out of the process.

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No. 5 (25 MARKS) The main aim of urban design is to seek solutions to the real

issues of providing a better and humane environment for living, working and

recreation.

Some of its objectives include the need to:

1. Achieve efficient and imaginative uses of resources

2. Create and maintain a (satisfactory) “quality of life and of the public

realm in both new and cherished environment... and to help the users and not

only the producers of the urban environment achieve their aspirations”

(Samuel, 1986:2). User satisfaction is often criminally ignored by private and

surprisingly public clients in planning, execution and management of their

projects.

3. Create the desirable town and city which are designed not on the scale

of machines and motor cars rather on a scale which take cognisance of the

perpetual capacities and limitations of man. In urban design, a city is ideal and

desirable if it offers uninhibited access to different activities, resources,

information and places for all sectors of the dense population which is made

up of people of different ages, skills, and socio-economic status.

4. Create responsive environment-environment that are legible,

permeable, rich, robust and visually appropriate and which offer opportunity

for personalization, balance, harmony and variety.

5. Create a pleasing, healthy and agreeable environment in which people

can live satisfying and creative lives: and

6. Create human environment which is comprehensible and stimulating to

its inhabitants and users and which in its perceived form supports the

distribution of activities and patterns of movement.

No. 6 THE CRITERIA AND DETERMINANTS OF URBAN LAND USE PATTERN

(25 MARKS)

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Before an effective plan for any intended development, the following have to be taken

into cognizance.

A. Site Selection

B. Effective Site Analysis

C. Site Planning

FACTORS OF SITE SELECTION

Physical Factors: You consider the physical make-up of your site.

Topography of site: you cannot site a heavy industrial zone on a sloppy piece of land, it

might be disastrous.

A land that has a good soil composition that will be suitable for agriculture should not be

used for another purpose.

Availability of natural deposit. It will be suitable to site a cement company where there is

natural deposit of limestone.

Easy accessibility, good roads determine site selection.

The presence of infrastructures and facilities determines site selection.

Natural potentials like rivers, valleys, lakes, rock, can make for aesthetics, for instance in

the design of a hotel or resort centre.

Economic Factors: This should be considered especially for sites for industrial and

commercial activities.

Availability of raw materials: A site for industrial purpose, if possible, should be sited

where raw materials could be easily accessible.

Accessibility to market: Good road network is a very important consideration when

selecting a site for industrial and commercial purposes. How to easily get your product to

consumers should be paramount at heart.

Supply of electricity for production purposes. It has been observed that many industries

in Nigeria are no longer operating because of the epileptic supply of electricity.

20

A large expanse of land is needed for industrial purposes. It will be unreasonable to get a

piece of land that will be too congested for the various facilities.

When deciding on the selection of site, the cost of development of such site should be

considered. If you find out the site is problematic, and will cost a lot to put in shape, an

alternative should be considered.

Political Factors: The government can, for political reasons, locate some land uses in an

area. For instance, if the governor of a state wants his Local Government to become

developed and popular, he could cite a higher institution in that particular Local

Government Area.

Socio- Cultural Factors: You could locate a site where some social facilities are existing

e.g. recreational, entertainment and community amenities attract people to a particular

area.

Technological Factors: An area which ordinarily is not fit for a particular development

could be selected because of an alternative approach to development, as a result of

improved technology.

SITE ANALYSIS

Site analysis is a very important aspect of site development. It is usually carried out on

the basis of the purpose of the proposed development. To do this therefore, site survey is

first carried out to get the necessary information on the physical condition of the site.

Site Survey

The first step in site analysis is to carry out a site survey.

You find out the potentials and the limitations of the site, history of past use from local

inhabitants and local government.

SITE PLANNING

Site plans are necessary tools in the implementation of residential, commercial, industrial,

and other land use projects.

21

Site planning ensures functional, comfortable and aesthetically pleasant environment. It is

in the light of this that site planning is based on proper site selection and adequate site

analysis.

Site plan provide the following information:

1. Location of all structures on site

2. Various features of landscape

3. Hierarchy of roads

4. Drainage lines and

5. The geographical features and the harmony of the various functions with one

another.

22

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANNAN LAND, KM. 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: CST DEPARTMENT: ECONOMICS & DEVPT. STUDIES

SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 314 COURSE TITLE: URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN I

INSTRUCTION: TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

No. 1 THE CRITERIA AND DETERMINANTS OF URBAN LAND USE PATTERN

Before an effective plan for any intended development, the following have to be taken into cognizance.

A. Site Selection B. Effective Site Analysis C. Site Planning...........5MKS

FACTORS OF SITE SELECTION.......10MKS

Physical Factors: You consider the physical make-up of your site.

Topography of site: you cannot site a heavy industrial zone on a sloppy piece of land, it might be

disastrous.

A land that has a good soil composition that will be suitable for agriculture should not be used for

another purpose.

Availability of natural deposit. It will be suitable to site a cement company where there is natural deposit

of limestone.

Easy accessibility, good roads determine site selection.

The presence of infrastructures and facilities determines site selection.

23

Natural potentials like rivers, valleys, lakes, rock, can make for aesthetics, for instance in the design of a

hotel or resort centre.

Economic Factors: This should be considered especially for sites for industrial and commercial activities.

Availability of raw materials: A site for industrial purpose, if possible, should be sited where raw

materials could be easily accessible.

Accessibility to market: Good road network is a very important consideration when selecting a site for

industrial and commercial purposes. How to easily get your product to consumers should be paramount

at heart.

Supply of electricity for production purposes. It has been observed that many industries in Nigeria are

no longer operating because of the epileptic supply of electricity.

A large expanse of land is needed for industrial purposes. It will be unreasonable to get a piece of land

that will be too congested for the various facilities.

When deciding on the selection of site, the cost of development of such site should be considered. If you

find out the site is problematic, and will cost a lot to put in shape, an alternative should be considered.

Political Factors: The government can, for political reasons, locate some land uses in an area. For

instance, if the governor of a state wants his Local Government to become developed and popular, he

could cite a higher institution in that particular Local Government Area.

Socio- Cultural Factors: You could locate a site where some social facilities are existing e.g. recreational,

entertainment and community amenities attract people to a particular area.

Technological Factors: An area which ordinarily is not fit for a particular development could be selected

because of an alternative approach to development, as a result of improved technology.

SITE ANALYSIS.........5MKS

Site analysis is a very important aspect of site development. It is usually carried out on the basis of the

purpose of the proposed development. To do this therefore, site survey is first carried out to get the

necessary information on the physical condition of the site.

Site Survey

The first step in site analysis is to carry out a site survey.

24

You find out the potentials and the limitations of the site, history of past use from local inhabitants and

local government.

SITE PLANNING.......5MKS

Site plans are necessary tools in the implementation of residential, commercial, industrial, and other

land use projects.

Site planning ensures functional, comfortable and aesthetically pleasant environment. It is in the light of

this that site planning is based on proper site selection and adequate site analysis.

Site plan provide the following information:

1. Location of all structures on site 2. Various features of landscape 3. Hierarchy of roads 4. Drainage lines and 5. The geographical features and the harmony of the various functions with one another.

No. 2 [A] SOURCES OF DATA FOR PLANNING (7MKS)

(a) The primary source

(b) The semi-secondary source

(c) The secondary source

(d) Use of satellite and geographic information relating to physiographic, geological and

hydrological studies.

[B] THE BASIC ASSUMPTIONS/PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN (8MKS)

1 One of the basic principles is equal access to different activities, resources, information and

places for all sectors of the population and from every part of the city

2 A second principle is the ‘the proper array of urban design masses.

3 There is also the functional development and mixture of urban activities and land uses.

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4 Another principle is the “the functional arrangement of patterns of movement

5 Proper developments of urban spaces

6 Protection and security alongside shelter and comfort and

7 The opportunity for personalization of own (private) surroundings.

NO. 3 (a) OPEN SPACES 7MKS

Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built

structures) and is accessible to the public. They include the followings:

1. Green space (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other

vegetation). Green space includes parks, community gardens, and cemeteries.

2. Schoolyards: play area for school children or a playground adjacent to a school.

3. Public seating areas

4. Playgrounds: an outdoor recreation area for children, usually equipped with swings, slides,

seesaws, and other play equipment.

A resort or other place used for recreation by a particular group of people.

5. Vacant Lots: a small area of land that has fixed boundaries.

6. Public plazas: Town square- an open square, or widened area in highways- a part of the

highway that has been widened as a multilane approach to a set of tollbooths.

It could also be a parking area- parking lot adjacent to a highway.

(b) FUNCTIONS OF OPEN SPACES. 8MKS

Understanding the varied functions of urban open spaces is an important

Part of helping to improve their effectiveness, both by enabling better management of existing

urban spaces as well as improving the design of new ones.

There are many attempts to list these functions, but the following summary

Divides the functions up into three main groups:

1. Environmental and ecological functions,

2. Social and societal functions

3. Structural and aesthetic functions.

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGYCAL FUNCTIONS

1 Climatic amelioration

2 Noise screening

3 Influencing the hydrological cycle – storm water management

4 Providing habitats for wild plants and animals

SOCIAL AND SOCIETAL FUNCTIONS

1 Providing space and facilities for leisure and recreation

2. Facilitating social contact and communication

3. Access to and experience of nature

4. Influencing human physical and psychological health and well-being

STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS

1. Articulating, dividing and linking areas of the urban fabric

2. Improving the legibility of the city

3. Establishing a sense of place

4. Acting as a carrier of identity, meanings and values

No. 4 (A) THE ABSENCE OR THE UNNECESSARY NEGLECT IS BOUND TO LEAD TO: 7MKS

* Generally low quality of living

* Unsightliness in the appearance of towns and cities

* Discomfort (social, physical and even political)

* Dull uninspiring hostile and characterless urban environment

* Greater menace of the violent and discordant element of our urban environment.

* Environmental degradation

[B] NEED FOR MORNITORING AND REVEIW 8MKS

a. The two elements involved at this final stage have a similar focus. b. They offer approaches which help to assess whether the implementation is successful or has

failed completely. c. Monitoring and review are simultaneously carried out and it implies total appraisal of plan

regularly, to ascertain the effectiveness of the implementation strategy. d. The first consideration is to determine the extent to which the goal and objectives have been

achieved. e. Secondly, is the decision on the level at which the target population has been directly affected by

the plan.

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No. 5. [A] PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 7MKS

a. Public participation is the involvement of people in the creation and management of their built

and natural environments.

b. Public participation is a political principle or practice, and may also be recognised as a right (right

to public participation).

c. The term Public participation is sometimes referred to as: the concept or practice of stakeholder’s engagement and/or popular participation.

d. Participatory planning is a set of processes through which diverse groups and interests engage together in reaching for a consensus on a plan and its implementation.

e. Public participation seeks and facilitates the involvement of those potentially affected by or interested in a decision.

[B] BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATORY PLANNING. 8MKS

1. The citizen can bring about desired change by expressing one’s desire, either individually or through a community group.

2. The individuals learn how to make desired changes. 3. The citizens learn to understand and appreciate the individual needs and interest of all community

groups. 4. The citizens learn how to resolve conflicting interests for the general welfare of the group. 5. The individual begins to understand group dynamics as it applies to mixed groups. 6. It can enhance the quality of planning by creating processes that are more democratic and

equitable. 7. Participatory planning encourages the poor to be more responsible for, involved in and aware of

their roles in governance. It can help to reduce potential conflict and build local peoples feeling of ownership in the governments plan.

8. Participatory planning can result in programmes that are better and more efficient. 9. It can increase the transparency of governmental decision making. This allows citizens to

understand how and why the local govt is making certain decisions. 10. User’s involvement raises awareness and is particularly important to enable an ‘informed choice’.

Neglecting their needs and preferences can result in the non-use of the system.

28

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: ALPHA SEMESTER EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL: ENVIRONMENT SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 315 CREDIT UNIT: 2

COURSE TITLE: BUILDING STRUCTURES III

INSTRUCTION: Answer QUESTION 1 and any other TWO (2) questions

TIME: 2 HOURS

1. (a) Highlight and briefly discuss two factors that determine the loads on a building structure

(b) Resolve the forces in the members in the pin-jointed frame below using the method of

joints

(6 marks)

(10 marks)

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B

(c) Highlight three reasons why deflection in a beam may occur .

(d) A cantilever beam is 4m long and had a uniformly distributed load of 300N/m. The

flexural stiffness (EI) is 60 x105Nm2. Find the slope and deflection at the free end.

2. (a) Excessive deflection in beams may have dare consequences on a beam. List three of

such consequences

(b) Determine the reactions in the beam below as well as the moment at the fixed support

using of superposition

3. (a) What is Hookes’ law and how does it relate to deflection in beams.

(b) Calculate the support reaction in the beam below using the three moment theorem

method.

4. (a)Describe three types of live loads that act on building structures, giving appropriate

examples

12KN

2m

1m

3K

1KN/

2m 4m 4m

A B

C

A

(3 marks)

(11 marks)

(6 marks)

(14 marks)

(4 marks)

(16 marks)

(6 marks)

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(b) Find the forces in members AB and BC using method of section

5. (a) Differentiate between a tie and a strut

(b) Using method of Tension Coefficient analysis, determine the forces in the members

AB and AC of the plane truss below

D

E

F

5KN

1.5

3KN

1.5 1.5

A

B

C

(14 marks)

(4 marks)

(16 marks)

(4 marks)

31

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc ARCHITECTURE EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SESSION: 2015/2016 SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC316 CREDIT UNIT: 3

COURSE TITLE: BUILDING COMPONENTS AND METHODS (3)

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS

TIME: 3 HOURS MARKING GUIDE

1. QUESTION:

(a) State 6 functional requirements expected of a floor and explain any three. (6marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

The functional requirements of a floor are:

1. Strength and stability

2. Resistance to weather and ground moisture

3. Durability and freedom from maintenance

4. Fire safety – resisting spread and passage of fire

5. Fire safety – providing stable support for occupants to evacuate

6. Resistance to passage of heat

7. Resistance to the passage of sound

NOTE: The students are expected to list any 6 of the above functional requirements of a floor and

explain any 3.

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QUESTION:

(b) With the aid of clear diagram(s) differentiate between above grade, on grade and below grade

floors and explain the process of constructing an above grade reinforced concrete floor slab.

(9marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Above grade or suspended floors are floors suspended above the ground. On grade or ground

floors are floors resting directly on the ground. While Below grade or basement floors are floors

constructed inside the ground.

2. QUESTION:

(a) State three conditions under which suspended concrete slabs or block and beam floors are used

and mention three ways by which suspended concrete floors can be constructed. (6marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Three conditions under which suspended concrete slabs or block and beam floors are used are:

1. Where the ground slopes

2. Where the ground has poor or uncertain bearing capacity

3. Where the ground is liable to volume change (swells and shrinks).

Three ways by which suspended concrete floors can be constructed are:

1. By pre-cast reinforced concrete planks or slabs

2. By block and beam floor systems

3. By insitu reinforced concrete slabs

QUESTION:

(b) With the aid of well annotated sketches show how DPM can be positioned in the following ways

in a solid concrete ground floor:

(i) DPM placed below the rigid impermeable insulation. (3marks)

(ii) DPM and insulation sandwiched between the screed and concrete. (3marks)

(iii) DPM placed above the rigid impermeable insulation. (3marks)

33

MODEL ANSWER:

(i) DPM placed below the rigid impermeable insulation.

(ii) DPM and insulation sandwiched between the screed and concrete

(iii) DPM placed above the rigid impermeable insulation

34

3. QUESTION:

(a) The word screed in relation to floors is used to describe the wet sand-cement mix that is first

laid across the length and width of a floor. List four types of floor screed and explain the difference

between a bonded and semi-bonded screed with the aid of well annotated sketches. (10marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Four types of floor screed include:

1. Bonded screed

2. Semi-bonded screed

3. Independent or unbonded screed

4. Floating screed

Bonded screed is a screed that is laid on a concrete base within 3 hours of placing the

concrete.

- Such screed bond strongly and dry slowly with the concrete so that drying

shrinkage and cracking of the screed relative to that of the concrete will be

minimized.

- For this monolithic construction of screed a thickness of 12 mm of screed will

suffice.

Semi-bonded screed is a screed that is laid on a concrete base that has set and

hardened.

- Such screed should be at least 40 mm thick.

- To provide a good bond between the screed and the concrete, the surface of the

concrete should be hacked by mechanical means, cleaned and dampened and

then covered by a thin grout, or wet mix, of water and cement before the screed is

laid.

35

- With a good bond to the concrete base a separate screed at least 40 mm thick will

dry sufficiently slowly to avoid serious shrinkage cracking.

QUESTION:

(b) The term floor finish is generally used to describe the material or materials that are applied to a

floor surface. Explain how PVC rubber tiles floor finish is installed.

(5marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Sub floor or screed bed should be thoroughly cleaned and dry.

Ensure the surface is free from dust and moisture.

Start installation of the tiles from the centre and thereafter move outwards to the wall

edges where cut-outs fit in properly.

Adhesives are required to glue the tiles to the bed.

A 50Kg roller is gently rolled over the surface especially when rubber rolls are applied

as floor finish.

A soft hammer is useful for ensuring the tile is properly fitted to the sub floor.

The tools essential for the installation include a straight edge, utility knife, notched

trowel, and a roller/soft hammer.

QUESTION 4:

(a) State 8 functional requirements expected of a wall and explain any two. (6marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Strength and Stability

Resistance to weather and ground moisture

Durability and freedom from maintenance

36

Fire safety

Thermal insulation

Sound insulation

Security

Aesthetics

Note: The list attracts 4 marks

Brief explanation of any two (2) of the following will attract 2 marks

(b) With the aid of a neat sketch, combine 9 perforated blocks to form a screen wall. Present two

different screen wall patterns. (9 marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

QUESTION 5:

(a) Define the term ‘screen walls’ and state five (5) uses of the wall type? (7.5marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Screen walls help define space and provide excellent protection from the sun's heat and

glare, at the same time allowing welcoming breezes to pass through. They are decorative, perforated

walls that are designed and built to allow both natural lighting and ventilation to pass through while

presenting a beautiful appearance.

(b) Research focussing on lowering construction costs has explored the reduction of the use of

Portland cement in building houses in African cities. One of such solutions is CSLB. What is

CSLB? Mention 4 advantages of the application of the material for walling buildings. (7.5marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

CSLB is the acronym for Compacted Stabilized Laterite Bricks/Blocks.

37

The advantages of CSLB include:

Higher construction speed

Easier process of installation

Reasonably aesthetic appearance

Variety of brick/block design options

Lower construction cost

QUESTION 6:

(a) List 8 types of walls based on material classification and briefly describe any two? (7marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

Glass wall

Hollow sandcrete block walls

Timber board walls

Plywood walls

Cardboard walls

Dried Brick wall

Fired brick walls

Mud walls

Compacted Stabilized Laterite Bricks/Blocks walls

Reinforced concrete walls

EPS walls

` The list attracts 4 marks while the description accounts for the remaining 3 marks. The description

should contain the walling units e.g. panels, blocks, bricks, boards etc. The type of framing should be stated

and the process of installation be described. Good sketches will attract 1.5 marks of the 3 marks.

(b) Graphically show how Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is used as a core material for walls?

(8marks)

MODEL ANSWER:

38

39

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc DEGREE EXAMINATION for final year examinations

COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (CST)

SCHOOL: SES

DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC316 CREDIT UNIT: 3

COURSE TITLE: BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS III

INSTRUCTION: Answer FOUR (4) questions TIME: 3

HOURS

1.

a) What is hydration in concrete construction?

b) You client has requested that a pent-house be added to his two-storey building after

construction has reached the first floor slab. What are the implications of this? How would

you meet the requirement of your client without compromising the structural stability of

the building? Use appropriate sketches

c) Graphically describe how openings are created in buildings following the 5 step process.

2.

a) The mortar mix ratio and type of sand appropriate for interior and exterior wall rendering

are? What thickness should be maintained?

b) Graphically show five bonding styles for brick and block walls.

40

c) Interlocking Compressed Stabilized Laterite Bricks (CSLB) are useful for wall

construction. Draw two types of the bricks, describing how they fit together. Enumerate the

advantages of the materials.

3.

a) Enumerate five types of wall decoration suitable for a residential building and explain one

to detail.

b) Write short notes on the following: a) Load Bearing wall b) Screen wall

c) Party walls d) Stone walls e) Hollow Blocks

c) Cement/Sand rendering for soffit of slabs should be mixed to _________Ratio and a

thickness of __________.

4.

a) List five floor finishes that are suitable for areas subject to heavy use.

b) Ground floors may be suspended under certain conditions. What are those conditions?

Use appropriate sketches

c) You are about to recommend a floor finish for a shopping mall. You client has made you

realize that the budget is tight. The owners of the mall would however want a durable floor,

which would cost little to maintain. You also have concerns for aesthetics. Recommend two

floor finishes, giving your reasons. How would this floor finish be constructed or installed?

5.

a) Itemize three ways of curing concrete

b) A floor finish already exists in an office building. The office has however acquired new

technology, which necessitates running service cables across office spaces. Suggest

appropriate floor finish for the office, with the aid of appropriate sketches. Why would

your recommended floor finish be more suitable than other?

6.

a) How are walls insulated and what advantages does it have in buildings. List five materials

for insulation.

b) With the aid of appropriate sketches, describe how suspended timber floor is constructed

c)

6. (a) What are the assumptions of beam deflection?

(b) Calculate the end moments in the beam below using moment distribution method

12m

12KN

24m 24m 12m

A B C

D

3KN/m

(16 marks)

41

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.SC EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SESSION: 2015/2016 SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 317 CREDIT UNIT: 2 UNITS

COURSE TITLE: BUILDING SERVICES I

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS TIME: 2HOURS

1.(i) A supertall building of about 385m high and 154 floors is being proposed for Abeokuta, Ogun

State Capital City Centre. At your meeting with the client’s representatives, you were given 10

minutes to make schematic sketch(es) and explain briefly to the members the likely water supply

and distribution system to demonstrate your good knowledge in water services? (101/3

marks)

(ii) Water supply in an urban centre is one of the welfare programmes of government known as

dividends of democracy. What is your opinion on whether public water supply should be free or

not in terms of charges and explain how it is being supplied now. (7marks)

(iii) Water storage in buildings is not beneficial. Explain. (6marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………......(231/3

marks)

2.(i) Distinguish between the sources of water, their merits and demerits with illustrations where

feasible. (8marks)

(ii) Also explain any two methods of getting water to the surface with any one

illustration……(51/3

marks)

(iii)Enumerate sources of wastes, explain briefly any two solid waste disposal methods and state their

merits and demerits.(10marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………......(231/3

marks)

3. (i) How applicable is the knowledge of sanitary services to architectural practices?….(71/3

marks)

(ii) Under what conditions and when do humans consume that which came out of them? What are

the roles of architects in the palatability of the consumption? (6marks) (iii) Enumerate the basic trace

components in water and characteristics of any four of them. Distinguish between softening of water

for the two basic uses. (10marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………(231/3

marks)

42

4. (i) What are sustainable sanitary services designs in a number of large residential estates? (5marks)

(ii)Distinguish between water consumption, water demand and amount of sewage or foul water per

person per day. From your experience or knowledge, state the values of water consumption and

amount of sewage or foul water per person per day and the standard(s). (5marks)

(iii)Use the stated values in (ii) to design water storage tank(s) and sewage treatment tank(s) for a

community with about 10,000 inhabitants. State any assumptions made. (131/3

marks)

.………….....……………………………………………………………………………………………….………....(231/3

marks)

5.(i)Explain any five tangible terminologies in plumbing. Explain the term and types of drainages.

(11marks)

(ii) With diagrams propose the drainage flow system within any of the following areas: abattoir,

hospital, cassava factory, restaurant, a residential building.

Distinguish between manhole and inspection chamber and any 3 important considerations for their

locations. With brief explanation, when will a toilet (w.c., bath or shower and wash basin) be

insufficient for persons in a household? With brief explanation, when will a toilet (w.c., bath or

shower and wash basin) be insufficient for number of bedrooms in a flat or apartment for a

household? (121/3

marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….....……….…..……..….…(231/3

marks)

43

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.SC EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SESSION: 2015/2016 SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 317 CREDIT UNIT: 2 UNITS

COURSE TITLE: BUILDING SERVICES I

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS TIME: 2HOURS

M.S

1.(i) A supertall building of about 385m high and 154 floors is being proposed for Abeokuta, Ogun

State Capital City Centre. At your meeting with the client’s representatives, you were given 10

minutes to make schematic sketch(es) and explain briefly to the members the likely water supply

and distribution system to demonstrate your good knowledge in water services? (101/3

marks)

Schematic design showing the up-feed of intermediate and highest storage tank system and down-

feed from and highest storage tank and intermediate storage tank system…..= 61/3

)

Brief explanation up-feed and down-feed systems 2 aspects @ 2……………..…..=4 )………=101/3

marks

(ii) Water supply in an urban centre is one of the welfare programmes of government known as

dividends of democracy. What is your opinion on whether public water supply should be free or

not in terms of charges and explain how it is being supplied now. (7marks)

Explanation- Argument in favour of ‘non-free of charge’ provision, with reasons =2

Water charges 3No.@1=3 Sketch to support answer 2 …………………………………….…..……....=7marks

(iii) Water storage in buildings is not beneficial. Explain. (6marks)

Declaration of disagreement =2 Advantages and disadvantages 8No.@0.5=4……….……....…=6marks

Advantages:

- Provides a reserve against failure of the water main supply.

- Sudden demands are met from the storage tank, thereby making demands on the mains constant.

- It reduces pressure on the installation, thereby reducing noise, wastage and enables economical

appliances to be used.

- Water treatment

- Life span of equipment.

44

Disadvantages:

- Space and support must be provided for the storage tank, thereby increasing the building cost.

-Storage tank may become dirty and stored water contaminated.

-Distributing pipes has to be large because of reduced pressure.

……………………..………………………………………………………….………..…………………………......(231/3

marks)

2.(i) Distinguish between the sources of water, their merits and demerits with illustrations where

feasible. (8marks)

Four (4) Sources of water-shallow well, deep well, boreholes and springs

Explanations 3No.@2...............................................................................=6)

state one (1) merit or demerit for each source as applicable 4No.@0.5=2.)....................…...…8marks

(ii) Also explain any two methods of getting water to the surface

with any one illustration.(51/3

marks)

Explanation of any two methods of getting water to the surface.. 2No.@2 = 4 )

one illustration…………………………………………………………………………..……=11/3

)................. 51/3

marks

- Manually (digging well)

- Mechanically (duff irrigation system, leverage system in Egypt)

- Pumps (pipe borne water): the various types of pumps fall into three major groups:

Displacement pump, The rotary pump, and The centrifugal pump

(iii)Enumerate sources of wastes, explain briefly any two solid waste disposal methods and state their

merits and demerits. (10marks)

Enumerate sources of wastes

Sources of waste: Bullet Municipal; Medical/Clinical; Agricultural;

End-of-life Automobiles; Industrial sources of waste; Construction/demolition

sources of waste; & Electronic sources of waste ………6No.@0.5........................=3)

Explain briefly any 2 solid waste disposal methods

Explanation of any 2 solid waste disposal methods 2No.@2...............................=4)

-Ocean Dumping; Landfill; Composting; Recycling;

&Incineration/Combustion

State 6 merits and demerits for any 2 of them

6 merits and demerits @0.5……………………………..........................................…….=3)………….10marks

OCEAN DUMPING

Advantages:

convenient

inexpensive

Disadvantages:

ocean overburdened

destruction of food sources

killing of plankton

45

source of nutrients, shelter and

breeding

desalination

SANITARY LANDFILL

Advantages:

volume can increase with little

addition of people/equipment

filled land can be reused for other

community purposes

Disadvantages:

completed landfill areas can settle

and requires maintenance

requires proper planning, design,

and operation

INCINERATION

Advantages:

requires minimum land

can be operated in any weather

produces stable odour-free residue

refuse volume is reduced by half

Disadvantages:

expensive to build and operate

high energy requirement

requires skilled personnel and

continuous maintenance

unsightly - smell, waste, vermin

OPEN DUMPING

Advantages:

inexpensive

Disadvantages:

health-hazard - insects, rodents etc.

damage due to air pollution

ground water and run-off pollution

RECYCLING

Advantages:

key to providing a liveable

environment for the future

Disadvantages:

expensive

some wastes cannot be recycled

technological push needed

separation of useful material from

waste difficult

……………………..………………………………………………………….………..…………………………......(231/3

marks)

3. (i) How applicable is the knowledge of sanitary services to architectural practices?

Explanation of input to design decisions, supervision and general management of projects

execution……………………………………………………………………………………….……..................= 71/3

marks

(ii) Under what conditions and when do humans consume that which came out of them? What are

the roles of architects in the palatability of the consumption?

46

Explanation of when drinking water is polluted with foul water borne wastes and inadequately or not

treated at all before supply for consumption …………………………......................=4)

The roles of architects in the palatability of the consumption- they are responsible,

therefore they are to ensure proper designs, treatment and disposal of foul water/

or water-borne wastes …………………...…………………………………..……………………..=2)…….....=6marks

(iii) Enumerate the basic trace components in water and state the characteristics of any four of them.

Distinguish between softening of water for the two basic uses. (10marks)

Enumerate the basic trace components in water 8No.@0.5.........................=4 )

State the characteristics of any 4 of them 4@.................................................=4 )

-Total solid:

These are both dissolved and suspended solid organic and inorganic present in the water.

The organic are derived from animal and vegetable debris while the inorganic is derived from the

earth-soil particles.

-Ammonia:

In shallow wells, excess ammonia is due to pollution from septic tanks or pit latrine, while in deep

wells, its presence is from the ground floor.

-Oxygen Absorbed:

This is a measure of organic matter in a water sample. It is usually derived from the decay of animals

and vegetable matters. For very pure water, the measure of oxygen absorbed is less than 0.5 parts

per million (0.5/1m). For a reasonably pure water, oxygen absorbed is up to 1.5% parts per million.

When it is over 2.0 parts per million the water is impure.

-Nitrates:

This is present in water in a very small quantity. If however, it’s more than 5 parts per million in any

water sample, it indicates pollution of that water sources.

-Nitrites:

When nitrites are present in any water sample, it indicates recent sewage pollution.

-Chlorine:

When it is present in double, that is called chloride, it is an indication of salinity (contains salt) of

the water. Salty water is unpalatable.

-Hardness:

Hardness in water is usually removed by boiling, while permanent hardness is removed by some

complex chemical processes.

-Ph.:

This measures the acidity or the alkalinity of the water. Acid water corrodes pipes (steel pipes).

Distinguishing between softening of water for domestic and industrial uses 2@1=2).............10marks

……………………………………………………………..…………………………..………….……………………(231/3

marks)

4. (i) What are sustainable sanitary services designs in a number of large residential estates?

Explanation of eco-friendliness of the design or any other relevant pillar of sustainability….=5marks

47

(ii)Distinguish between water consumption, water demand and amount of sewage or foul water per

person per day. From your experience or knowledge, state the values of water consumption and

amount of sewage or foul water per person per day and the standard(s).

Distinguishing between water consumption, water demand and amount of sewage per person per

day 3@1….......................………………………………………………………………………………...............=3)

From your experience or knowledge,

Stating the values water consumption @ or n.e. 160litres and amount of foul water/sewage per person

per day @ or n.e. 140litres and the standard(s)……………………………………………...…=2)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….............5marks

(iii)Use the stated values in (ii) to design water storage tank(s) and sewage treatment tank(s) for a

community with about 10,000 inhabitants. State any assumptions made. (231/3

marks)

Design water storage tank(s) and sewage treatment tank(s) for a community with about 10,000

inhabitants. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….=111/3

marks

State any assumptions made.

….About proportions, the elevated, storage duration, 12hrs, daily supply, etc. )

.…About rate of emptying/treatment ) …………… =2marks

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………....(231/3

marks)

5.(i)Explain any five tangible terminologies in plumbing.

Explanation any 5 tangible terminologies in plumbing 5@1..................................................=5marks

An adaptor fitting is used to connect pipes of different types.

Air chambers or air cushions are piping configurations or devices that are used to supply

lines to reduce “water hammer” or water banging in the pipes.

The building drain is the part of the lowest piping of a drainage system that receives discharge

from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to

the building sewer, which begins about 21 inches outside the wall.

A cleanout is a fitting that allows access into a drainage waste, soil or sewer line so that an

obstruction can be cleared.

A closet band is a 90-degree fitting that carries waste from the closet flange, under the toilet,

over to the closet drain.

An escutcheon is a doughnut-shaped ornamental plate that slides over a pipe to cover the

hole in the wall where the pipe has penetrated.

A female-threaded fitting is any fitting in which the thread is located internally.

A male-threaded fitting is any fitting in which threads are located externally.

A reducer fitting allows pipes of different diameters to fit together.

Finish plumbing is all the materials (and their installation) required to complete a plumbing

system after the rough plumbing has been installed.

Fixtures, such as sinks, tubs, toilets and bidets, are devices that are attached to the waste

system and that require a fresh water supply in order to function.

Explain the term and types of drainages.

48

-Explanation of the term drainages @2..................................................................................=2marks

Drainage can be defined as the attempt to get rid of foul water or excess surface water from within

and immediate surroundings of its structure or an area.

To get rid of foul water, the factual destination of the foul water would be such places and locations

where they cannot really do any harm to the structure or to the people living in the structure. Thus

disposal of foul water and excess surface water reduces the comfort level of the occupant of the

structure.

The various types of water to be disposed of, dictate the types of drainage channels required for

them. The volume of water to be disposed of and the regularity of disposal, dictate the size of the

channel to be employed or used.

We can then attempt to classify the various types of drainage channels according to the type of foul

water they are required for.

-Explanation of any 2 types of drainages 2@2......................................................................=4marks

The drainage pattern for a particular locality is usually the network comprising the following types

of drains or drainage channels:

a) Surface drains,

b) Covered drains

c) Major street drains

d) Storm drains/sewers.

The sequence of functions between all these drains is as follows:

The surface drains empties into the covered drains, the covered drains empty into major street

drains, and a major street drains empties into storm drains/sewers. The storm drains on the other

hand, empties into river or streams.

Any of these drains however, can receive foul water at any point based on its hierarchy or graduation.

In some countries, all this foul water is re-cycle in the water works back to the populace for

consumption.

(ii) With diagrams propose the drainage flow system within any of the following areas: abattoir,

hospital, cassava factory, restaurant, a residential building.

Distinguish between manhole and inspection chamber and any 3 important considerations for their

locations. With brief explanation, when will a toilet (w.c., bath or shower and wash basin) be

insufficient for persons in a household? With brief explanation, when will a toilet (w.c., bath or

shower and wash basin) be insufficient for number of bedrooms in a flat or apartment for a

household?

Drainage flow system within any of the following areas: abattoir, hospital,

cassava factory, restaurant, a residential building…………………….……………..………….31/3

)

Distinguish between manhole and inspection chamber and any 3 important considerations for their

locations

49

-Distinguish between manhole and inspection chamber………………….2@1.5…………=3)

-Any 3 important consideration for their locations………………….3@1…………………..=3)

With brief explanation, when will a toilet (w.c., bath or shower and wash basin) be insufficient for

persons in a household?

- When more than 3persons……………………………………………………………………..….@1.5)

With brief explanation, when will a toilet (w.c., bath or shower and wash basin) be insufficient for

number of bedrooms in a flat or apartment for a household?

- When more than 1Bedoom…………………………………………………………………….…@1.5)…121/3

marks

……………………………………………………………………………………………………......…..……..….…(231/3

marks)

50

COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANNAN LAND, KM. 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: CST DEPARTMENT: ARCHITECTURE

SEMESTER: ALPHA

COURSE CODE: ARC 317 COURSE TITLE: Building Services I

INSTRUCTION: Answer any four questions TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

Question 1 A client has just reported the issue of inconsistent water supply on the third to fifth floor in a seven storey building, design and constructed by the Architectural firm where you are working. It is assumed that you are a new architect in that firm, with your understanding, of water supply to high rise building, identify the likely problems and provide the solutions in writing and diagram. (17.5marks) Question 2 You have been commission to design a palm kernel production factory, at the industrial estate Ota, clearly state to your client the waste generation spaces and how you intend to drain each accordingly. Also explain with a diagram how you intend to drain out of the site and state the determinant factors of the drainage channel to use in the factory. (17.5marks) Question 3 You are invited to present a speech in a vocation school to a group of plumbing students. Write the paper convincing them of their relevancy in the building industry, using the terminologies, define Plumbing and explaining the building code. (17.5marks)

Question 4

Covenant University is proposing to donate 10 boreholes to different Local Government Area. Advise the committee on the required components and quantity that should and should not be present in water. Also explain in detail the mode of treatment if present, the advantage and disadvantage of storage for domestic use. (17.5marks)

51

Question 5 It is assumed that you are in urban design module, where you are to propose a market design for this LGA. Explain in detail how you intend to solve the following problems (i) Disposal of solid waste. (ii) Management of the waste. (iii)Public toilet and bathroom (iv)Water heater for the abattoir (v) Determinant of the mains supply (17.5marks)