Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons....

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Covalent Compounds

Transcript of Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons....

Page 1: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

Covalent Compounds

Page 2: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

• Covalent molecules share electronsshare electrons. Covalent bonds occur between two or more non-two or more non-

metals.metals. These molecules exist as solids, liquids or gases. Covalent molecules are like a play-pit full of plastic

balls. Each plastic ball =

1 covalent molecule of H2O

Water, H2O

See pages See pages 184 - 185184 - 185

Page 3: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.
Page 4: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

• The chemical formula of a covalent compound tells us the number of each element number of each element in the compound.– Sometimes the names don’t tell us what elements make up the compounds. – Subscripts mean something different in covalent compounds

• Ionic compounds subscripts show the smallest smallest whole-number ratio between the ions whole-number ratio between the ions in the compound.

• Covalent molecules have subscripts that show the actual number of actual number of atomsatoms in the molecule.

See page 193

Methane: CH4

Hydrogen Peroxide: H2O2 Water: H2O

Page 5: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See page 193

What is the chemical formula for the molecule ethanol?

What is the name of the molecule C12O22H11?

C2H6O, a name that must be memorized or looked up when needed.

Sucrose, also called table sugar.

What is the chemical formula for candle wax? C25H52

Page 6: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

• Covalent compounds with 2 non-metal 2 non-metal atomsatoms use a system of prefixesprefixes.

See pages 194 - 195

Prefixes are often used before the atom name to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule.

Example: CO = carbon monoxide CO2 = carbon dioxide

CCl4 = carbon tetrachloride

Page 7: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See pages 194 - 195

STEP 1: Write the most metallic atom (farthest left) first

STEP 2: Use prefixes to symbolize the # of each atom.

STEP 3: Add -ide to the end of the second atom’s name

Page 8: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See pages 194 - 195

What is the chemical formula for the molecule trinitrogen tetrachloride?

What is the name of the molecule Si3P6?

N3Cl4

Trisilicon hexaphosphide

Page 9: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

Covalent CompoundsWrite the names for the following covalent compounds: 1) P4S5 __________________________________ 2) SeF6 __________________________________ 3) Si2Br6 __________________________________ 4) SCl4 __________________________________ 5) B2Si __________________________________ 6) NF3 __________________________________

Page 10: Covalent Compounds. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 share electrons Covalent molecules share electrons. two or more non- metals.  Covalent bonds occur between.

Covalent CompoundsWrite the formulas for the following covalent compounds: 1) antimony tribromide __________________________________ 2) hexaboron silicide __________________________________ 3) chlorine dioxide __________________________________ 4) iodine pentafluoride __________________________________ 5) dinitrogen trioxide __________________________________ 6) phosphorus triiodide __________________________________