Covalent Compounds
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Transcript of Covalent Compounds
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Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
A covalent bond is formed when electrons are “shared” between two atoms.
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Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
Most contain all non-metals that combine to form molecules of a substance.
Example: H2O is water, CH4 is methane.
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Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds Covalent
compounds have elements whose electronegativity values are within 1.67 of each other.
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Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
Most have low melting points (and boiling points).
Exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
Most are not good conductors of electricity.
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Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Use prefixes to show the quantity of each element in a covalent compound.
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Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Always end the last element with the suffix –ide.
Example: N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
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Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Example: H2O Dihydrogen monoxide (Otherwise
known as water!)
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Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Important Exception: Never use the prefix mono- on the 1st element!
Example: CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride (Note: no mono-
on carbon!)
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Covalent Compound FormulasCovalent Compound Formulas
Use prefixes from names in order to determine the subscripts in the formulas.
Example: Carbon Dioxide CO2
Example: Diphosphorus Pentoxide P2O5
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AcidsAcids
Appear to be covalent compound, but separate into cations (+) and anions (-) in water.
The cation is usually H+
Example: HCl or Hydrochloric Acid H+ and Cl- when in water.
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AcidsAcids
If there is just a single anion, the prefix is hydro- and the suffix is –ic.
Example: HBr Hydrobromic Acid Example: HF Hydrofluoric Acid
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AcidsAcids
If there is a polyatomic ion, you just use the suffix –ic.
Example: HNO3
Nitric Acid Example: H3PO4
Phosphoricic Acid