Covalent Bonds
description
Transcript of Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic vs Covalent BondsCovalent BondsThe bond that forms from the sharing of valence electrons
AtomsPrefix1mono-2di-3tri-4tetra-5penta-6hexa-7hepta-8octa-9nona-10deca-
namingName first elementName the second element and add ideUse prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in the moleculeExceptionif there is only one of the first atom, mono is left out!
For example
N2F6CO2SiF4CBr4NCl3P2S3CONO2SF2PF5SO2NOCCl4P2O5Dinitrogen HexafluorideCarbon DioxideSilicon TetrafluorideCarbon TetrabromideNitrogen TrichlorideDiphosphorous TrisulfideCarbon MonoxideNitrogen DioxideSulfur DifluoridePhosphorous PentafluorideSulfur DioxideNitrogen Monoxidecarbon tetrachloridediphosphorus pentoxideWrite the formulaAntimony tribromideHexaboron monosilicideChlorine dioxideHydrogen monoiodideIodine pentafluorideDinitrogen trioxidePhosphorus triiodideSbBr3B6SiClO2HIIF5N2O3PI3FYIAmmonia NH3
Water - H2O
Methane - CH4
Lewis StructuresLewis StructuresElectron dot notation is used to shown how electrons are shared Molecules are formedEach molecule has 8 valence electronsExcept Hydrogen!
Lewis Structure of WaterEach line represents the sharing of 2 electronsLewis Structures
Lone PairDraw the Lewis structure PH3
H2S
HCl
CCl4
SiH4
Draw the followingH2
HF
F2
Sigma Bonds Single BondsSymbol :
Pi bonds
Multiple BondsDraw O3
Multiple BondsDraw O2
Try TheseN2
C2H2
CO2
Exceptions to the OctetXe,Si, P, S, Cl, Br, and I Sometimes have more than 8 electronsPF5Be and B often only have 6 electronsBeCl3
Draw C2H4Label all bonds as sigma or pi
Free Radicles A single electron, not paired
Bond strengthAs the number of shared electrons increases, bond length decreases
Breaking the bond of a short bond is larger than a long bondReviewWhat is an ionic bond and how does it differ from a covalent bond?What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?Predict the bond energy of each of the bonds in CH2.
Resonance structuresnitrate ion
CHO2-1
O3