Covalent bond
-
Upload
gavin40 -
Category
Technology
-
view
891 -
download
2
Transcript of Covalent bond
![Page 1: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PART II
![Page 2: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CovalentBonds
![Page 3: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
LET’SFIRSTREVIEWIONICBONDING
![Page 4: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In an IONIC bond,electrons are lost or gained,resulting in the formation of IONS
in ionic compounds.
FK
![Page 5: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FK
![Page 6: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FK
![Page 7: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FK
![Page 8: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FK
![Page 9: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FK
![Page 10: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FK
![Page 11: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FK+ _
![Page 12: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FK+ _
The compound potassium fluorideconsists of potassium (K+) ions
and fluoride (F-) ions
![Page 13: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FK+ _
The ionic bond is the attractionbetween the positive K+ ion
and the negative F- ion
![Page 14: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sowhatarecovalentbonds?
![Page 15: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
![Page 16: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
![Page 17: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair
![Page 18: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cl2
Chlorineforms
acovalent
bondwithitself
![Page 19: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ClClHowwilltwochlorineatomsreact?
![Page 20: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ClClEach chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet
![Page 21: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ClClNeither atom will give up an electron –chlorine is highly electronegative.
What’s the solution – what can theydo to achieve an octet?
![Page 22: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ClCl
![Page 23: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cl Cl
![Page 24: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cl Cl
![Page 25: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cl Cl
![Page 26: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cl Cloctet
![Page 27: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
octet
![Page 28: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
![Page 29: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
![Page 30: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the bonding pair
![Page 31: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is a single bonding pair
![Page 32: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is called a SINGLE BOND
![Page 33: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
Single bonds are abbreviatedwith a dash
![Page 34: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the chlorine molecule,
Cl2
![Page 35: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
O2
Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules
![Page 36: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
How will two oxygen atoms bond?
OO
![Page 37: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons
![Page 38: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
OO
![Page 39: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
OO
![Page 40: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
OO
![Page 41: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
OO
![Page 42: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
OO
![Page 43: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
OO
![Page 44: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
![Page 45: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
![Page 46: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
OO
![Page 47: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
OO
![Page 48: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
OO
![Page 49: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
OO
![Page 50: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
OOBoth electron pairs are shared.
![Page 51: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
![Page 52: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
![Page 53: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
two bonding pairs,
OOmaking a double bond
![Page 54: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
OO=For convenience, the double bond
can be shown as two dashes.
OO
![Page 55: Covalent bond](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5561e6cbd8b42ab1068b4f07/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
OO=This is the oxygen molecule,
O2
this is so
cool!!