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Operating systems

Unit objectives Identify operating system

fundamentals Manage files on a computer

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Topic A

Topic A: Operating system fundamentals

Topic B: Directory and file management

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Microsoft Windows XP

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Mac OS X

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RedHat Linux

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Dependability features

Stable OS architecture System restore Device driver rollback Device driver verification Reduced reboot scenarios Scalable memory/processor support

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Application failure reduction

Side-by-side DLLs Windows File Protection Windows Installer Internet Explorer Add-on Manager

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Security features

Windows Firewall Encrypting File System (EFS) IP Security Kerberos Smart card support Windows Security Center

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Management and deployment

Application compatibility User State Migration Tool Hardware standards support Dynamic updates IEAK System Preparation Tool Setup Manager Remote OS Installation Multilingual support

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Desktop management features

Remote Assistance Group policies Help and Support Center Microsoft Management Console

(MMC) Recovery console Safe Mode Startup Options

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Usability features

Graphical user interface Adaptive user environment Troubleshooters

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Mobile-computing features

Remote desktop Offline file and folder support Offline viewing Laptop power management features Hot docking Advanced Configuration and Power

Interface

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Networking features

Wireless networking Home networking Network Setup Wizard Network bridge Internet Connection Sharing Bluetooth 2.0

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Product life cycle

Mainstream support Extended support Self-help online support

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Windows XP Professional features

Remote desktop Multiprocessor support Automated System Recovery (ASR) Dynamic disk support Fax service Internet Information Services

(IIS)/Personal Web server Encrypting File System (EFS)

continued

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Windows XP Pro features, continued

File-level access control – Windows XP Home Edition/Professional

computers that are not domain members use Simple File Sharing

C2 certification Domain membership Group policies IntelliMirror Remote Installation Services (RIS) Roaming profiles continued

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Windows XP Pro features, continued

Multilingual support 64-bit version IPSec user interface SNMP Simple TCP/IP services SAP agent Client services for NetWare Network monitor Client-side caching Administrative tools

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Activity A-1

Selecting an appropriate Windows operating system

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Windows XP Professional

Start menu Taskbar System tray

Recycle Bin Desktop

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Windows 2000 Professional

Start menu Taskbar System tray

My Computer

My NetworkPlaces

Recycle Bin

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Windows Explorer

Date created or modified

FiletypeFiles

Filesize

ToolbarMenu bar

Drive

Drive

Folder/directories

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Activity A-2

Locating Windows XP interface components

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System tools

Control Panel Computer Management Console Accessories/System Tools Command-line utility Device Manager

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Activity A-3

Observing Windows XP system tools

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Topic B

Topic A: Operating system fundamentals

Topic B: Directory and file management

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Directory structure

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MS-DOS navigation commands

Command/cmd Dir Chdir/cd

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Command/cmd

Basic syntax:command

cmd

Optional parameters and switches:command drive:path device ►/e:nnnn /p /c string /msg

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Dir command

Basic syntax:dir

Optional parameters and switches:

dir drive:path filename /p /w ►/a:attributes /o:sortorder /s ► /b /l

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/a:attributes

h Hidden files

-h Non-hidden files

s System files

-s Non-system files

d Directories

-d Files only (not directories)

a Files ready for archiving

-a Files that have not changed since thelast archive

r Read-only files

-r Non-read-only files

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/o:sortorder

n Alphabetical order by name-n Reverse alphabetical order by name e Alphabetical order by file extension-e Reverse alphabetical order by

extension d Chronological by date and time, oldest

to newest-d Chronological by date and time,

newest to oldest s By size, smallest to largest-s By size, largest to smallest g Grouped directories, then files-g Grouped files, then directories

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Chdir/cd command

Basic syntax:chdir

cd

Optional parameters:chdir drive:path or cd drive:path

chdir.. or cd..

chdir \ or cd \

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Navigating in Windows Explorer

1. Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Windows Explorer

2. Click the plus sign (+) next to a drive or folder

3. Select a drive or subfolder

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Activity B-1

Using the command prompt

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Activity B-2

Navigating a directory tree

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Mkdir/md command

mkdir drive:path

md drive:path

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Creating a directory (Windows Explorer)

1. In the navigation pane, select the drive or folder where you want to create the new folder

2. Choose File, New, Folder

3. Type the name of the new folder

4. Press Enter

Maximum depth of folder structure is 255 characters – Includes characters representing the drive,

plus any file-name extensions

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Activity B-3

Creating directories

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Copying in Windows Explorer

1. In the navigation pane, select the directory you want to copy – To select multiple directories, hold

down Ctrl and select each directory

2. Choose Edit, Copy

3. In the navigation pane, select the target location

4. Choose Edit, Paste

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Activity B-4

Copying a directory

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Deleting in Windows Explorer

1. Select the folder you want to remove

2. Choose File, Delete

3. Click Yes to confirm moving the folder and its contents to the Recycle Bin

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Activity B-5

Removing directories

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File types

Binary Text—typically ASCII

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File extensions

.bat Batch file .bin Binary file .bmp; .gif; Image file

.jpeg; .jpg;

.png; .tif .com Command file .exe Executable file for programs .hlp; .chm Help file .htm; .html Hypertext markup language

(HTML) file for documents on the Web

continued

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File extensions, continued

.inf Configuration settings file usedduring setup/installation

.ini Configuration settings file .msi Windows installer package file .rtf Rich text file; allows

formatting .sys System file .txt Plain text file .vbs Visual Basic script file

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File-name limits

MS-DOS — eight-character limit– 8.3– eight characters for the name – three characters for the extension– separated by a period

Windows — 255-character limit

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Creating a text file

1. Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Notepad

2. Enter the desired text

3. Choose File, Save As

4. From the Save In list, select the desired directory

5. In the File Name box, type a name

6. Verify that Text Documents (*.txt) is selected in the Save as type box

7. Click Save

8. Choose File, Exit

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Activity B-6

Creating a text file

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File attributes

Read-only Hidden System Archive

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Attrib command

Basic syntax:attrib

Optional parameters and switches:attrib +r|-r +a|-a +s|-s +h|-h ►drive:path\filename /s

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Attrib switches

+r Assigns the read-only attribute

-r Removes the read-only attribute

+a Assigns the archive attribute

-a Removes the archive attribute

+s Sets the file as a system file

-s Clears the system file attribute

+h Assigns the hidden attribute

-h Removes the hidden attribute

/s Applies the command to all files inthe current directory and its subdirectories

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Activity B-7

Modifying file attributes

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Editing a file in Notepad

1. Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Notepad

2. Choose File, Open

3. In the Look in list, locate and select folder containing the text file

4. In the file list, select the file

5. Click Open

6. Modify the text

7. Save the file and then exit Notepad

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Activity B-8

Editing a text file

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File permissions

NTFS file security– Windows NT Workstation– Windows 2000 Professional– Windows XP Home Edition– Windows XP Media Center Edition– Windows XP Professional

Windows XP Home Edition – Uses Simple File Sharing

Windows XP Professional – Can use either Simple File Sharing or the

classic security interface

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NTFS file permissions

Full control Modify Read & execute Read Write

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NTFS folder permissions

Full control Modify Read & execute List folder contents Read Write

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Considerations

Each user account can have multiple NTFS permissions assigned to it

NTFS permissions are cumulative NTFS permissions are inherited

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Assigning permissions

1. If necessary, disable Simple File Sharing

2. Open Windows Explorer

3. Navigate to the desired folder or file

4. Right-click the folder or file and choose Sharing and Security

5. Activate the Security tab

6. Select the desired user or group

continued

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Assigning permissions, continued

7. Check Allow or Deny to set the desired permissions

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for additional users or groups

9. Click OK

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Activity B-9

Assigning file permissions

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Unit summary

Identified operating system fundamentals

Managed files on a computer