Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ,...

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Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe the features and functions of the PCI bus, and install and configure a PCI adapter card Describe the features and functions of the various video buses, and install and configure an AGP adapter card

Transcript of Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ,...

Page 1: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Bus structures

Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address,

DMA, and base memory address Describe the features and functions of

the PCI bus, and install and configure a PCI adapter card

Describe the features and functions of the various video buses, and install and configure an AGP adapter card

Page 2: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Topic A

Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses

Page 3: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Buses

Communication pathway Four types

– Address– Data– Expansion– Video

Page 4: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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PCI bus slots

Page 5: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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An AGP video bus slot

Page 6: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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The riser bus

Brings the basic wiring and control of a function to a motherboard

Decreases cost Three riser standards:

– Advanced Communication Riser (ACR) – Audio/Modem Riser (AMR) – Communication and Networking Riser

(CMR)

Page 7: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Activity A-1

Examining buses

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Topic B

Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses

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System interaction

Gain the attention of the CPU Access shared memory locations Extend the system BIOS Transfer data across the bus

Page 10: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Interrupts

Signal CPU that attention is needed– CPU stops what it was doing– Services the device request– Returns to its previous task

Polling– Inefficient alternative to interrupts

Page 11: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Running processes

Page 12: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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IRQs

Numerical addresses Help CPU identify interrupt source Enforce priority of interrupts Common IRQs

– IRQ 1: Keyboard– IRQ2: Cascade IRQs 9-15– IRQ4: COM1– IRQ6: Floppy– IRQ12: PS/2 mouse– IRQ14: Primary IDE hard drive

Page 13: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Assigning IRQs

Manually assign for older PC designs– DIP switches– Jumpers– Proprietary software

Common for conflicts Plug and Play (PnP) in new PC

designs

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Device Manager - IRQs

Page 15: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Activity B-1

Examining running processes and IRQ assignments

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I/O addresses

Identify section of shared memory Range of memory addresses Hexadecimal

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Device Manager–I/O addresses

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Activity B-2

Viewing your computer’s I/O address assignments

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DMA channels

DMA controller relieves CPU DMA channels Largely replaced by other techniques

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Device Manager–DMA channels

Page 21: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Activity B-3

Viewing your computer’sDMA channel assignments

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Base memory addresses

Starting memory address of BIOS extensions– Display adapters– SCSI controllers– IDE controllers

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Device Manager–Base memory

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Activity B-4

Viewing your computer’s base memory address assignments

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Topic C

Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses

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PC/XT bus

8-bit bus– IBM PC and IBM XT

4.77 MHz clock speed 1.6 Mbps maximum data transfer rate

(0.4 MBps) Supported IRQs 0-8 Configured with DIP switches or

jumpers

Page 27: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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PC/XT card

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DIP switches and jumpers

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PC/AT and ISA bus

16-bit bus– IBM AT, clones, 80386/486, current PCs

8 MHz clock speed 8 MBps maximum data transfer rate

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ISA adapter

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ISA expansion bus slot

ISA slot

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PCI bus

32- or 64-bit bus– Pentium PCs

33 or 66 MHz clock speed 133-533 MBps maximum data transfer

rate Up to 8 functions on a single card Up to 5 card/slots per system Requires PnP

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PCI adapter

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PCI slots

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PCIe

Newer standard Uses serial communication Link Lanes x1 (by-one) x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x16, and x32 bus

widths Can up-plug Can’t down-plug

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Activity C-1

Installing a PCI card

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Topic D

Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses

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Need for video buses

Older PC designs just used expansion bus

Graphical interfaces involve massive amounts of graphics data

Specialized buses developed to be fast enough

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VESA local bus

32- or 64-bit bus– Pentium PCs

33 or 66 MHz clock speed Popular on 80486-based PCs Generally software configurable No longer used

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VLB adapter

Page 41: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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AGP adapter

Note the hook

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AGP

Technically a port, not a bus 32-bit bus 33 or 66 MHz clock speed Speed “pumped” to as much as 533

MHz DIrect Memory Execute (DIME) 266-2133 MBps maximum data

transfer rate PnP configurable

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Activity D-1

Installing an AGP adapter

Page 44: Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe.

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Unit summary

Described the primary types of buses Defined interrupt, IRQ, I/O address,

DMA, and base memory address Described the features and functions

of the PCI bus, and installed and configure a PCI adapter card

Described the features and functions of the various video buses, and installed and configure an AGP adapter card