ERASMUS INTENSIVE PROGRAMME IP E11ILO01C PUBLIC RELATIONS: GOVERNMENT RELATIONS AND LOBBYING IN A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE.

MARCH 2012

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IP Partners: IP organiser Arteveldehogeschool www.arteveldehs.be IP coordinator Université Catholique de Louvain http://www.uclouvain.be Université de Lorraine (Université Nancy2) http://www.univ-nancy2.fr Universitatea din Bucureşti http://www.unibuc.ro/depts/litere/dcrp/index.php Universidad Cardenal Herrera www.uch.ceu.es Instituto Superior de Novas Profissões http://www.inp.pt University of Greenwich www.gre.ac.uk IP Platform: www.mastermarpe.eu

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Content

Sunday March 18 ............................................................................................................................................. 9

Official opening ....................................................................................................................................9

Teambuilding activities ................................................................................................................................... 9

Monday March 19 ................................................................................................................................................. 10

Introduction to the European Institutions ............................................................................................. 10

EU Politics ..................................................................................................................................................... 10

EU Economics ............................................................................................................................................... 10

EU History ..................................................................................................................................................... 10

EU Law ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

Tuesday March 20 .......................................................................................................................................... 12

Social Media and its contextual impact on Public Affairs ....................................................................... 12

Wednesday March 21 .................................................................................................................................... 13

Study visit to the EU (Brussels) ............................................................................................................. 13

Visit to the EU institutions ............................................................................................................................. 13

Networking evening ...................................................................................................................................... 13

Thursday March 22......................................................................................................................................... 14

Communication and Public Affairs in a EU context ................................................................................ 14

Introduction au lobbying ............................................................................................................................... 14

European Lobbying: an insight ...................................................................................................................... 14

EU communications: some basic concepts – Some concepts about the ethics of lobbying ......................... 15

Friday March 23 ............................................................................................................................................. 16

Workshop on EU institutions, lobbying and communication policy ......................................................... 16

Briefing assignment ...................................................................................................................................... 16

Presentations assignment ............................................................................................................................. 16

Saturday March 24 ......................................................................................................................................... 17

Workshop on Cultural Diversity ............................................................................................................ 17

Monday March 26 .......................................................................................................................................... 18

Strategic communication, management and public diplomacy ............................................................... 18

Legitimacy and transparency ........................................................................................................................ 18

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Understanding strategic communication ...................................................................................................... 19

Corporate responsibility and sustainable development ............................................................................... 19

Tuesday March 27 .......................................................................................................................................... 20

Case studies: lobbying and public sector ............................................................................................... 20

“Surviving keys for European Regions: Valencia Region-Europe, so far, so close” ...................................... 20

“The PR management on public enterprise: the politic power and the public opinion” ........................... 210

Wednesday March 28 .................................................................................................................................... 21

Financial lobbying issues from a European, national, financial centre (London, Paris, Frankfurt), regional and international perspective............................................................................................................... 21

Welcoming remarks ..................................................................................................................................... 21

Brief overview of financial issues ................................................................................................................. 21

Insights on the role of communications within the lobbying process .......................................................... 21

"Exploding the myths of lobbying" ................................................................................................................ 22

Technical specialist perspective in lobbying process .................................................................................... 22

Perspectives from a consultancy firm on lobbying ....................................................................................... 22

Transparency and Legitimacy ........................................................................................................................ 22

Thursday March 29......................................................................................................................................... 23

Case study: management of lobby activities ......................................................................................... 23

“Minimum price” ........................................................................................................................................... 23

"Lobbying strategies: the CO2 case" ............................................................................................................. 24

Friday March 30 ............................................................................................................................................. 24

Workshop: Critical analysis of lobbying strategies ................................................................................ 24

Briefing assignment ...................................................................................................................................... 24

Presentations assignment ............................................................................................................................. 24

Saturday March 31 ......................................................................................................................................... 25

Evaluation - reporting - feedback .......................................................................................................... 25

Your assignments ........................................................................................................................................... 26

Your Keynote speakers ................................................................................................................................... 28

Your lecturers ................................................................................................................................................. 29

Your guest speakers ....................................................................................................................................... 35

IP participants ................................................................................................................................................ 38

Key readings ................................................................................................................................................... 40

References ..................................................................................................................................................... 41

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Dear Intensive Programme Participant,

The MARPE Intensive Programme “Public Relations: Government Relations and Lobbying in a European perspective” builds on a network of seven universities working with key actors in the European public affairs process. The partner institutions involved in this project have a history of mutual collaboration. Artevelde University College Ghent, Belgium and Instituto Superior de Novas Profissoes in Lisbon, Portugal are the founding institutions of MARPE, Master in European Public Relations, back in 1990. Over the years other partners joined the Master programme and developed the common curriculum which is presently taught in French (Nancy-Université, France and University of Bucharest, Romania), in the Iberian languages (Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Valencia, Spain and Instituto Superior de Novas Profissoes in Lisbon, Portugal) and in a near future in English (University of Lund, Sweden and University of Stirling, Scotland) and in Russian (University of Tallinn, Estonia and Ural State University, Russia). The main activities have mainly been in student and teaching mobility with students and staff joining the language line programme. This Intensive Programme aims at galvanizing the on-going efforts and step up the level of co-operation from mainly bi-lateral to an integrated, multilateral and intensive collaboration involving two more partners, the University of Greenwich, United Kingdom and the Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, and bringing all partners and their students together on one specific public relations theme: government relations and lobbying in the EU context.

The Intensive Programme brings an academic and pedagogical focus to an influential area of Public Relations practice. It also, for what is believed to be the first time, provides a Europe-wide dimension to the subject encompassing a range of different commercial and public actors participating in the process at regional, national and in the EU framework. For students and academics it provides an important framework for critical review and consideration of current and developing practices.

Building on the agenda of the EU related to transparency the objective of the programme is to investigate government relations and lobbying. This is one of the most influential but relatively inaccessible area of public relations (PR) practice and therefore the Intensive Programme provides an important platform for wider debate analysis and academic research based on cross-sector and cross-national case studies. The latter can be realized thanks to the partners based in Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Romania and United Kingdom, each bringing their own professional networks related to the subject.

The concept of public diplomacy is becoming a developing theme in public relations theories and practice particularly in governmental relations and public affairs. This requires organisations to openly debate agenda in the public sphere to gain organisational legitimacy as part of the EU government relations interface. This would be one of the innovative features analysed in the programme particularly in the context of social media.

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You will experience the EU dimension as a crucial and strategic issue for enterprise and public administration and explore the way that the views of the citizens of Europe are properly represented and becoming an increasingly crucial part of the lobbying and government relations process.

The acquired competences will enhance your employability, your identity as European citizen, your understanding of the European ideals and your understanding of government relations in a democratic spirit. Over the lifetime of the programme it will help to enhance the professionalization of the sector.

The Intensive Programme can be seen as part of the global professionalization of the European PR perspective with its use of public sphere approaches to lobbying and regulation.

These aspects will contribute to the learning outcomes aiming at the creation of a unique electronic public space sharing conceptual and reflective work, at the understanding of the context, role and practice of public affairs and government relations in the EU, at the ability to synthesize information and critically reflect upon current practice in government relations programmes from different national cultural perspectives and from different angles, and at the understanding of the impact of social media on public affairs in a cross cultural environment and how to integrate it strategically and ethically.

We hope the IP will offer you an advanced level of analysis and praxis on the theme in a unique cross-national, multi-lingual and cross-sector setting, drawing on existing courses (Governmental affairs and lobbying) offered on the Master MARPE programme and on the Masters at Greenwich and Louvain-la-Neuve but approached from a single (national) perspective.

Your lecturers’ team

Anca Anton, Violaine Appel, Nicolas Baygert, Hélène Boulanger, Susana Carvalho, Andrea Catellani, Anne-Marie Cotton, Thierry Libaert, Danny Löwensberg, Pepe Martinez, Salvatore Moccia, Rik Otten, Mark Phillimore, José Quintela, Adela Rogojinaru, José Rui Reis, Henneke Sharif, Paul Simpson, Maria José Solaz, Els Van Betsbrugge, Machteld Weyts, Philip Young

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Sunday 18 March: 10.00: Official opening (venue: Kantienberg +10 level) Rik Adriaens, Head of Department Communication Management, Arteveldehogeschool University College Keynote speakers Charles van der Straten-Waillet, founder of Akkanto, Past President IPRA Thierry Dieu, Director for Communications and Public Policy at ETNO (European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association) Programme IP 2012 Andrea Catellani, IP co-ordinator, Université Catholique de Louvain Anne-Marie Cotton, European co-ordinator MARPE, Arteveldehogeschool University College Room: T.10.01 – official welcome Room: T.10.02 – reception & lunch 13.00 - 18.00: Teambuilding activities Chair: Maria José Solaz (CEU Valencia, Spain) Presentation of students’ preparatory research: How do people in the participating students’ home countries perceive Government relations and Public Affairs? Based on 2 questions derived from the students’ reading: 3 Key readings articles and 1 book, free choice out of the large literature list. A debate upon the issue of how these images are stimulated or subdued, etc. will be encouraged by the team of lecturers. Methodology and didactics: Introducing each other: Group speed dating

• Make a presentation of your work and practice your skills in communication, persuasion and group influence.

o Necessary skills for a lobbyist Dynamics of interpersonal communication skills practice.

- Multicultural background - English as lingua franca

• Content: Work in groups (teachers will propose groups configuration) on the proposed texts: o Aim and methodology:

The group will be given a presentation of the work done in an individual way. (3 minutes presentation)

Consensus: agreement on the summary of the content which will be the result of the work of the group.

Spokesperson election, who will present the content of the group. o Suggested tools

o No power point o Cards or written references

• Presentation of each group consensus. Rooms: A5 (aula 99 seats) – briefing (start) – debriefing / L.01.06 – L.01.07 – L.01.08 18.00 - 20.00: Staff meeting Venue: Zebrastraat

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Monday 19 March Introduction to the European Institutions Chair: Thierry Libaert (UCL) Students and lecturers will leave Ghent early by bus1 to be on time in Louvain-la-Neuve. Lunch organised by IP coordinator (UCL) Back to Ghent by bus. Room: Socrate - 242 (http://www.uclouvain.be/64852.html) Introduction to the European Institutions (in French or English), by professors from UCL (Institut d’études européennes and Law faculty) 1. Aims and objectives: the four interventions of this first day will present European Institutions in a general way, in order to give the basis for the following focuses on government affairs and lobbying. 09.00 - 10.30: EU Politics Prof. Tom Delreux 1. Aims and objectives: prof. Delreux will introduce the political dimension of European institutions. The lecture will introduce the main dynamics in the institutional architecture and policy-making processes in the EU today. 2. Didactics (approach): lecture. 3. Expected outcomes / output: a better insight into the political dimension of EU institutions and policy-making, in order to understand the political context in which lobbying activities take place. 4. Literature list (incl. links to articles) needed for these introductory courses: Wallace H. (2010), 'An Institutional Anatomy and Five Policy Modes' in Wallace H., Pollack M., Young A. (eds.), Policy-making in the European Union. Sixth edition, New York, Oxford University Press, p. 69-104 (not necessary to read it beforehand). 10.30 - 12.00: EU Economics Prof. Marcel Gérard 1. Aims and objectives: prof. Gérard will introduce the economical dimension of European Institutions. The lecture will focus on the reasons why some competencies are or could be / should be allocated to the European Union, some kept at national level and some shared between the two levels of power. 2. Didactics (approach): lecture: exposition of concepts, followed by a questions and answers session. 3. Expected outcomes / output: a better insight into the economical dimension of EU institutions 4. Literature list: needed for these introductory courses: Gelauff, G., I. Grilo and A. Lejour, eds., 2008, Subsidiarity and Economic Reform in Europe, Springer. 12.15 - 13.45: lunch

1 Students staying at Ecohotel will go to the Zebrastraat where the lecturers are staying: bus is leaving at 6.15 a.m. The bus will take the students staying at De Valk at 6.45 a.m. Return: the bus will leave from Louvain-la-Neuve at 6.45 p.m. and will first stop at De Valk and after that at the Zebrastraat.

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14.00 - 16.00: EU History Prof. Jan Willem Brouwer, Université de Nimègue, invited lecturer at the Institute of European Studies 1. Aims and objectives: prof. Brouwer will introduce the historical dimension of European Institutions. The lecture will focus on the driving forces, key players and international context of European integration. 2. Didactics (approach): lecture. 3. Expected outcomes / output: a better insight into the historical dimension of EU institutions 4. Literature list: Alasdair Blair, The European Union Since 1945 (London, 2010). 16.00 - 18.00: EU Law Prof. Etienne Judicaël 1. Aims and objectives: prof. Judicaël will introduce the juridical dimension of European Institutions. The lecture will focus on basic texts and basic juridical mechanisms and procedures of the European legal building, in order to put in evidence its complexity.

2. Didactics (approach): lecture - exposition of concepts, followed by a questions and answers session.

3. Expected outcomes / output: a better insight into the political dimension of EU institutions, in order to understand the frame and the context of lobbying and strategies of influences by lobbies and other groups.

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Tuesday 20 March Social Media and its contextual impact on Public Affairs Chair: Els Van Betsbrugge (Arteveldehogeschool) and Paul Simpson (University of Greenwich) Invited speaker: Philip Young (Sunderland University) 09.00 - 10.30: What do we mean by social media in a public affairs context? Overview of platforms (brief history) Understanding the scope of social media Theoretical concepts needed to understand the impact of social media Reach, transparency, porosity, curation, aggregation etc. 11.00 - 12.30: Case studies Public bodies, NGOs and activists: what works, what doesn't? Including measurement / evaluation of effectiveness 12.30 - 13.00: Limitations: public and private space What is appropriate engagement? Can a government be your friend? Ethics of social media engagement Lunch: 13.00 - 14.00 14.00 - 16.00: Workshop Student groups research good examples and suggest improvements 16.00 - 17.30: Presentations Students groups present proposals for improving social media engagement for named organisation

17.30 - 18.00: Conclusions

Literature list: Gillmor, D (2010) Mediactive (download from http://mediactive.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/mediactive_gillmor.pdf) McNamara, R (2010) 21st Century Media (R)evolution. New York: Peter Lang Philip, D & Young, P (2009) Online Public Relations. 2nd ed London: Kogan Page Shirky, C (2010) Cognitive Surplus. London: Allen Lane Wakeman, S Public Sector Public Relations. in Theaker, A (2011) The PR Handbook, 4th ed Routledge www.simonwakeman.com

The Intensive Programme explores civic and government relationships in the public sphere from different cultural approaches also taking account of new influences in these processes with the growth of social media. Rooms: 09.00 - 13.15: A5 10.00 - 13.15: T.03.07 (PC room with 45 PCs) 13.15 - 18.00: L.01.08

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Wednesday 21 March Study visit to the EU institutions Chair: Susana Carvalho (INP) and Els Van Betsbrugge (Arteveldehogeschool) Study visit to the EU (Brussels) by bus2.BRUSSEL 09.00 - 10.00: Presentation on Public Diplomacy by EU regional delegation spokeswoman Suvi Seppäläinen, Public Diplomacy and Election Observation Unit: Foreign Policy Instruments Service 10.00 - 11.00: The EU Institutions after the Lisbon Treaty 11.00 - 12.00: Social Media at the EU 12.30 - 14.30: Lunch at the European Parliament 14.30 - 16.30: Visit to the European Parliament, meeting with a MEP or with an Administrator (Presentation on How the EP works) 16.30 - 18.00: Meeting with the Head of the Unit Visitors in the Council (Helena Correia, Public Diplomacy and Election Observation Unit, Service for Foreign Policy Instruments) 18.30 - 21.00: Networking evening with lobbyists Baudouin Velge Managing Director Interel hosts an informal network activity from 18.30 pm onwards.

- Short insight in how Interel works and how they advise their clients with their lobby and Public Affairs’ strategy on Belgian and on European level.

- Time to ask questions and to have an informal talk with Baudouin Velge and colleagues from Interel - Food & Drinks time

Venue: 402, Tervurenlaan 1150 St Pieters Woluwé http://www.interel.be

2 Students staying at Ecohotel will go to the Zebrastraat where the lecturers are staying. Departure: the bus leaves at 6.30 a.m. It will take the students staying at De Valk at 7.00 a.m. Return: the bus will leave Brussels at 9.00 p.m. and will first stop at De Valk and after at the Zebrastraat.

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Thursday 22 March Communication and Public Affairs in a EU context Chair: Thierry Libaert (UCL) 09.00 - 17.00: Agenda setting, principles of communication and influence, crisis communication and issue communication in a complex institutional environment: Thierry Libaert (UCL, member of the European Economic and Social Committee) and Andrea Catellani (UCL) Lobbying and political communication in an EU context and democratic deficit: Nicolas Baygert (UCL) 09.15 - 11.15: Introduction au lobbying Prof. Thierry Libaert (UCL, Belgium) Room: L.01.08 1. Objectifs

• Retrouver la problématique du lobbying dans l’ensemble des domaines et outils de la communication. Le lobbying n’est pas une discipline autonome, il s’insère dans des problématiques de communication institutionnelle, marketing, sensible, environnementale,

• Présenter le métier de lobbyiste, ses caractéristiques et son fonctionnement dans les organisations d’entreprise,

• Exposer des exemples concrets issus de mon activité de Conseiller au Comité Economique et Social Européen.

2. Pédagogie: cours

3. Résultats attendus Etre capable de resituer le lobbying dans le contexte plus global des activités communicationnelles et effectuer le lien avec l’ensemble des fonctions de l’entreprise.

4. Bibliographie Robert G Kaiser, So damn much money, The triumph of lobbying and the corrosion of American government, Ed Vintage, 2010. Viviane de Beaufort, Lobbying, portraits croisés, Autrement, 2008. Michel Clamen, Manuel du lobbying, Dunod, 2005. Thierry Coste, Le vrai pouvoir d’un lobby, Bourin, 2006. Guillaume Courty, Les groupes d’intérêt, La Découverte / Repères, 2006. Stéphane Desselas, Un lobbying purement professionnel à visage découvert, Ed. du Palio, 2007. Eric Eugène, Le lobbying : une imposture?, Le Cherche-Midi, 2002. Bruno Gosselin, Le dictionnaire du lobbying, Ed. Management et société, 2003. Daniel Gueguen, Lobbying européen, LGDJ, 2007. Laure Limousin, Les métiers du lobbying et des affaires publiques, Elipses, 2007. OCDE, Lobbying, pouvoirs publics et confiance, 2010. Stuart Thomson et Steven A. John, Publics affaires in practice, CIPR, 2006. Rinus Van Schendelen, Machiavelli in Brussels, Amsterdam University Press, 2002. Marc Lits et Theodoros Koutroubas, Communication politique et lobbying, De Boeck, 2011. 11.15 - 13.15: European Lobbying: an insight Nicolas Baygert (UCL, Belgium and Paris Sorbonne, France) Room: L.01.08 1. Aims and objectives: Expert Knowledge is nowadays a critical resource for the European Institutions’ legislative work. The lecture will examine this resource-dependent relationship between EU officials and lobbyists.

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The EP is the only EU institution with a system of accreditation for lobbyists, but it is in many ways more transparent and more accessible than most of the EU’s national parliaments. As a result, the lecture will also present the Parliament’s own rules of procedure for lobbyists. It will take a look in the newly established set of rules to govern the access and behaviour of lobbyists and to formulate a code of conduct for Members of the European Parliament (MEPs).

2. Didactics (approach): lecture. 3. Expected outcomes / output: a better insight into the co-constructive role of lobbyists in the policy-making process at EU-level and the problematic of parliamentary ethics.

4. Literature list: Bouwen, P. (2002). A Comparative Study of Business Lobbying in the European Parliament, the European Commission and the Council of Ministers. Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, MPIfG Discussion, 2-7. European Commission, Communication (2009), European Transparency Initiative: the Register of Interest Representatives, one year after. European Parliament (2009), The Code of Conduct for Commissioners - Improving Effectiveness and Efficiency, study (DG internal Policies/Policy Department). European Parliament, Rules of Procedure, 2010. Kluger Rasmussen, M. (May 2001). Lobbying the European Parliament: A necessary evil. CEPS Policy Brief, 242. Kreppel, A. & Tsebelis, G. (1999). Coalition Formation in the European Parliament. In: Comparative Political Studies, 32, 933–966. Spence, D. (1997). Staff and Personnel Policy in the Commission. In Edwards, G. & Spencer D. (Eds.), The European Commission. London: Catermill International Limited. (not necessary to read it beforehand).

Lunch: 13.15 - 14.30

15.00 - 17.00: EU communications: some basic concepts – Some concepts about the ethics of lobbying Prof. Andrea Catellani (UCL, Belgium) Room: L.01.08 1. Aims and objectives:

1) The European Union is a very complex institutional world, which has tried, all along its history, to organise and manage different forms of communication with different publics and stakeholders. This lecture will propose some basic notions of this history.

2) The second part of the lecture will present some basic notions about how to make an ethical reflection on lobbying, based on different ethical approaches.

2. Didactics (approach): lecture. 3. Expected outcomes / output: 1) An improvement of the knowledge about European Union communication activities. 2) Understanding lobbying implies dealing with ethical aspects: students will be able to perceive the importance and complexity of this dimension of public affairs. 4. Bibliography (not necessary to read before the lecture) Eric Dacheux, L’impossible défi. La politique de communication de l’Union Européenne. Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2004. Robert G. Kaiser, So damn much money, The triumph of lobbying and the corrosion of american government, Ed Vintage, 2010. Patricia Parsons, Ethics in Public Relations, Kogan Page, 2004.

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Friday 23 March Workshop on EU institutions, lobbying and communication policy Chair AM: Adela Rogojinaru / Anca Anton (University of Bucharest) Chair PM: Thierry Libaert (UCL) First assignment = 2 ECTS. Subject: “Drawing on your initial experiences and readings reflect on the issues facing lobbying. Select one of your identified issues for a critical analysis related to communications and PR perspectives.” 09.00 - 13.00: Workshop: reflective discussion (based on the first 3 days and preparatory work = 3 Key reading articles and 1 book) 09.00 - 09.15: briefing. Adela Rogojinaru will highlight critical points on 2 political papers (preparatory work) 09.15 - 09.30: question time Room: L.01.08 09.30 - 14.00: Reflection and preparation presentation Rooms: L.00.01 – L.00.03 – L.00.05 – M01-M02-M03-M04-M05-M06-M07 (in the library) Lunch: 13.15-14.00 14.00 - 15.40: 4 Presentations, peer-reviewing 15.40 - 16.00: break 16.00 - 17.40: 4 Presentations, peer-reviewing 17.40 - 18.00: break 18.00 - 18.50: 2 Presentations, peer-reviewing 19.00 - 20.00: sum up re. the reflective group presentations 20.00 - 21.30: dinner 21.30 - 22.30: marking Chair: Thierry Libaert (UCL, Belgium) Room: L.01.08 (14.00 - 20.00) What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks/ Comments Presentation (power point – 20 min) and group work

30%

Correct use of referencing and sources 10% Identification Definition Of the issues = “problématisation”

30%

Critical approach on one of the identified issues related to communications and PR perspectives.

30%

Total 100%

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Saturday 24 March Workshop on Cultural Diversity Chair: José Pepe Martinez (CEU) Invited Speaker: Danny Löwensberg (Hull University) 09.30 - 12.00: Plenary Session 12.00 - 13.30: LUNCH: PIZZAS (at the Kantiene)

13.30 - 13.45: Plenary Session (Role-Play 1 Briefing) 13.45 - 14.45: 3 groups do role-play 1 in separate rooms 14.45 - 15.00: Break 15.00 - 15.30: Plenary Session (Role-Play 1 De-briefing, Role-Play 2 Briefing) 15.35 - 16.30: 3 groups do role-play 2 in separate rooms 16.45 - 17.00: Plenary Session (Role-Play 2 De-Briefing) 17.00 - 17.30: Evaluation – feedback Rooms: No classes on Saturday at the campus. We will have the entire first floor at our disposal. L.01.01 (45 pers.) – L.01.02 (45 pers.) – L.01.03 (45 pers.) – L.01.04 (42 pers.) – L.01.05 (40 pers.) – L.01.06 (42 pers.) – L.01.07 (72 pers.) – L.01.08 (70 pers.) – L.01.10 (72 pers.) – L.01.11 (72 pers.) 1. Aims and objectives The aim of the workshop is to create awareness of possible barriers in cross-cultural communication scenarios and develop in students a feeling of empathy and understanding of other cultures’ communication characteristics. 2. Didactics (approach) This is a one-day workshop that will familiarise you with some critical elements in cross-cultural communications. During the day you will have the opportunity of taking part in several cross-cultural communication situations that will allow you to develop empathy and appropriate skills. 3. Expected outcomes / output The day should facilitate a reflection on the experiences of the workshop and help students identify ”threshold concepts” that might help their communication skills in the future.

4. Literature list In preparation for the workshop please read:

Hofstede, G, Hofstede, G J (2005) Cultures and Organizations: software of the mind, New York NY: McGraw-Hill Williamson, D (2002) Forward from a Critique of Hofstede’s Model of National Culture, in Human Relations, Vol.55, p. 1373

Further relevant literature will be provided during the workshop.

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Monday 26 March Strategic communication, management and public diplomacy Chair: Hélène Boulanger and Violaine Appel (Université Lorraine) The day will cover several themes: Public Opinion, Public Sphere influences, Legitimacy and Transparency including the Code of Athens and its author, Lucien Matrat3. The aim is to analyse the tension between trends in transparency and traditional approaches of lobbying (both perception and reality) acting in private outside the public gaze. 09.00 - 12.00: Legitimacy and transparency Mark Phillimore (University of Greenwich, United Kingdom) Room: L.01.10 (9.00 - 11.45) The concepts of transparency along with trust are seen as key influences for an organisation’s “licence to operate”. Legitimacy and transparency have together become important influences on an organisation’s relationship with society (Gregory, 2011). Jensen (2002) even suggests a third public sphere of “organisational legitimacy and identity” where organisations seek to set agendas in the public domain to gain legitimacy. Developing concepts around transparency provide an important sub-text within the Erasmus IP. The process of lobbying has traditionally been seen as one where its workings are hidden away from pubic gaze resulting in periodic outbursts of public concern about its legitimacy both its function and or its processes. The EU’s own Green Paper on Transparency (one of the core readings for the IP) with its commitment that the Union is “open to public scrutiny and accountable for its work (2006, p.2)” seeks to address these concerns and discuss new approaches to lobbying in the EU. The lecture explores the definitions of legitimacy and transparency and focuses on recent developments in the way the terms are understood and applied and the way that they have become both individually and jointly key agendas for organisation-public relationships. References Combs, W.T., Holladay, S. 2010. PR Strategy and Application. Wiley-Blackwell. EU Commission. 2006. Green Paper European Transparency Initiative. Available through Europa website: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/eti/index_en.htm [1st February 2012] Gregory, A. 2011. Public Relations and Management. P. 61. Ed: Theaker, A. 2011. The Public Relations Handbook. Ch.4. Routledge. Jahansoozi, J. Relationships, Transparency, and Evaluation: The Implications for Public Relations. P. 61. L’Etang, J. Piezcka, M. Public Relations, Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice. 2006. Jensen, I. (2002). Public relations and emerging functions of the public sphere: An analytical framework. Emerald. Journal of Communication Management. [online] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1524195&show=html. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Toth, E. Heath, R. 2009. Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II. Lunch: 12.00 - 13.00 13.00 - 16.00: Understanding strategic communication Hélène Boulanger and Violaine Appel (Université Nancy 2, France) Room: A2 16.30 - 19.30: Corporate responsibility and sustainable development Adela Rogojinaru (University of Bucharest, Romania) Room: A2

3 Code of Athens: http://www.lasap.lv/data/code%20of%20Athens.pdf

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Aims and objectives The aim is to analyse the tension between trends in transparency and the - for lobby - traditional acting in closed rooms. Therefore, this day will cover various themes which are linked one to each other: Public Opinion, Public Sphere, Public Policy and the notion of strategic communication. Didactics (approach): lectures and case studies. Expected outcomes / output

- Knowledge and understanding of interconnections between corporate communication, government relations and lobbying

- Knowledge of ethical dimensions of communications in the public sphere - Ability to analyse communication process from different theoretical perspectives

Literature list Bouillon J-L., Bourdin S., Loneux C., 2007, De la communication organisationnelle aux “approches communicationnelles” des organisations: glissement paradigmatique et migrations conceptuelles, Communication et organisation, n°31, pp 7-25. Leonardi P. M., & Barley S. R., 2008. Materiality and Change: Challenges to Building Better Theory About Technology and Organizing. Information and Organization, 18, 159-176. Mayère A., 2004, Rationalisation de la communication et organisations contemporaines: le cas de projets d’implantation de PGI/ERP, Communication et Organisation, n°24, 1er semestre, p. 363-379 Meier O., 2005, Diagnostic stratégique. Paris, Dunod. de Terssac G., Bazet I., Rapp L. (Coordination), 2007, La rationalisation des activités communicationnelles et coopératives dans les entreprises, Editions Octarès, Toulouse (publié avec le concours du CNRS).

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Tuesday 27 March

Case studies: lobbying and the public sector Chair AM: Salvatore Moccia (CEU Valencia) Chair PM: Susana Carvalho / José Quintela (INP) 09.00 - 12.30: case studies Spain (lobbying by a European region) “Lobbying practice from a lobbyist’s perspective” Francisca Meliá, EU Relations Manager of Europia, the European Petrolium Industry Association will share her experience in 2 leading sectors: engineering and the petroleum industry. “Surviving keys for European Regions: Valencia Region-Europe, so far, so close” Gustavo Martinie, adviser to the Directorate General Valencia regional representation in Brussels and responsible for transport, information society, regional marketing and tourism will present a case he was responsible for related to the Mediterranean train infrastructure. He will develop how the communication strategy influenced the decision about the "Railway Mediterranean Corridor". Room: T.02.01 Lunch: 12.45 Lunch - lecturers and guest speakers: B.02.08 13.30 - 18.00: Case study Portugal (public sector and crisis in a PA issue) and workshop (group assignment) Second assignment = 1 ECTS “The PR management on public enterprise: the politic power, the public opinion and cultural diversity” José Rui Reis (INP) Rooms: L.01.07 + 10 working rooms at the library (M.01 to M.10 – from 14.00 till 18.00) Aims and objectives The aim is to analyse the tension between the public sector and the politic sphere. How this tension is managed by the communication? How to deal when this tension becomes a crisis situation? These are the basic points to the case study. The students will first have a presentation about the issues: public sector, political sphere and public opinion and then they will work in groups in order to resolve a case. Didactics (approach): lectures and case studies Expected outcomes / output

- Knowledge and understanding of interconnections between public enterprise communication, government relations, public opinions and cross cultural diversity

- Knowledge of crisis communications - Experience a crisis situation on a public / politic context

What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks / Comments Press materials 30% Oral communication (spokesman) 30% Final report:

- Critical approach to the situation - Problem solving ability

40%

Total 100%

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Wednesday 28 March Financial lobbying issues from a European, national, financial centre (London, Paris, Frankfurt), regional and international perspective Chair: Mark Phillimore / Henneke Sharif (University of Greenwich) Aims and objectives The operation and regulation of financial markets in all their forms is facing unprecedented scrutiny from politicians, regulators, the media and society following the financial crash of 2008 and the implications to many economies of this crash. This makes the workshop exploring just some of the issues and processes involved in lobbying by the European banking and insurance industry such an important topic of the Erasmus IP. Finance which used to be the topic of specialised newspapers, journals and professionals has moved to the front page of all media and to the heart of political agendas. Bankers and leading financial figures have had to become public figures often uncomfortable in the glare of media attention and at the heart of wider public debates. This process has also allowed new voices and ideas to develop often outside the mainstream financial sector (Tobin’s tax / financial transaction tax) in contrast to the traditional primacy and influence of ideas from financial markets which in some areas have been undermined (efficient market hypothesis). This complex field of action provides fertile ground for exploring a range of issues around lobbying and related communications. For example: the process of lobbying when public opinion is antagonistic to a trade sector; the problems of getting a trade sector to participate in public debate to gain legitimacy to its agenda; the pressure on regulators when issues have been politicised; mobilising EU political support for lobbying in international arenas such as G20; and the pressure on industry trade associations which have different national and regional agendas. Above all the workshop can also be seen as providing important insights into new influences in public relations and communications research and practice, around issues of transparency and legitimacy as well as power and influence, drawing on European social theory (Habermas, Foucault and Bourdieu amongst others) which is an important theme of this Erasmus IP. 09.00 - 09.10: Welcoming remarks to the University of Greenwich day by Albert Evans, head of the Communication department, Business School, University of Greenwich. 09.10 -09.50: Brief overview of financial issues by Mark Phillimore, University of Greenwich Financial markets overview and context of public agenda issues. 09.50 - 10.00: Q&A. 10.00-10.45: Invited speaker: Florence Ransom.Senior Advisor, PR and Communications. European Banking Federation. Communication issues for a pan-European organisation working with national, regional and European issues related to banking. Insights on the role of communications within the lobbying process. 10.45 - 11.00: Q&A. 11.45 - 12.30: Invited speaker: Karel Van Hulle, Head of Unit, European Commission, Directorate General Internal Market and Services - Insurance and Pensions Unit will inform a student public about the myths of lobbying. "Exploding the myths of lobbying" Karel Van Hulle will explain how the Commission deals with industry and other stakeholder input in developing and negotiating European legislation in the financial markets area.12.30 - 12.50: Q&A Lunch: 13.00

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Lunch lecturers and guest speakers: B.02.08 14.30 - 15.15: Invited speaker: Hannah Grant, Policy Analyst, Insurance Europe - European Insurance industry. She will highlight the role of G20 in financial market regulation. She will also give a technical specialist perspective in lobbying process. 15.15 - 15.30: Q&A 16.00 - 16.45: Invited speaker: Hans Hank - Senior Vice President, Strategic Consulting, FTI Consulting, Brussels. Perspectives from a consultancy firm on lobbying by financial organisations in the EU. Also concluding remarks for the day including consideration of future issues for lobbying around transparency agendas. 16.45 - 17.10 Q&A. 17.30 - 18.30: Group discussion and learning outcomes. Henneke Sharif, lobbyist and lecturer from the University of Greenwich to lead discussions. Industry and academic panel. Henneke will also provide key summaries and highlight key issues raised by speakers at certain points during the day and will chair each of the Q&A sessions. Room: L.01.08 Links: CEA. 2012. http://www.cea.eu/ Accessed 5th February 2012. European Commission. DG Internal Markets and Services. 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/internal_market/index_en.htm Accessed 5th February 2012. European Banking Federation. 2012. http://www.ebf-fbe.eu/ Accessed 5th February 2012. FTI Consulting. 2012. http://www.fticonsulting.co.uk/ Accessed 5th February 2012. Literature list: Igan, D. Mishra, P., Tressel, T. 2009. A Fistful of Dollars - Lobbying and the Financial Crisis. IMF Working Paper. [Online]. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2009/wp09287.pdf Accessed 15th Dec. 2010. Kaletsky, A. 2010. Capitalism 4.0. Bloomsbury Publishing. Kelly, K., Laskin.A., Rosenstein G. 2010. Investor Relations: Two way symmetrical practice. Journal of Public Relations Research. Phillimore, M. 2011. Financial Communications. Ed: Theaker, A. 2011. The Public Relations Handbook. Routledge. Porter, M. Kramer, M. 2010. The Big Idea: Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review. [Online] http://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value/ar/1 Accessed 15th Dec. 2010. Tambini, D. 2008. Financial Journalism and the Economic Crisis. [Online] http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2009/wp09287.pdf Accessed 10th Dec. 2010. Turner, A. 2009. How to tame global finance. Prospect. Issue 162. [Online] http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2009/08/how-to-tame-global-finance/ Accessed: 10th Dec.2010. The Future of Capitalism. 2009. FT.com. http://www.ft.com/indepth/capitalism-future Accessed 5th February 2012.

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Thursday 29 March Case study: management of lobby activities Chair AM: Adela Rogojinaru (University of Bucharest) Chair PM: Machteld Weyts (Arteveldehogeschool) 09.00 - 13.00: Case study Romania (tobacco company: JTI, Romania) Title: “Management of Lobbying Activities, Minimum Price” Gilda Lazar, Corporate Affairs Director, JTI Romania, will give a demonstration on how to protect the business from fiscal measures that could alter the operating environment and fair competition: objective, strategy, action plan and results (evaluation). The first part will point out various theories on lobby & advocacy, as well as aspects related to their practical application. The second part will be a case study on the attempt of minimum price introduction in Romania (2005-2006), followed by Q&A. Students will be exposed to best practice examples of lobbying and advocacy activities at local market level, within EU context, benefitting of learning from both business experience and reputed schools of business trainings. Room: A2 Lunch: 13.15 Lunch - lecturers and guest speakers: B.02.08 14.00 - 18.00: Case study pressure group or NGO: "Lobbying strategies: the CO2case" Rik Otten (Artevelde University College Ghent, Belgium – Spokesperson Belgian Minister of Finance) Rik Otten will start with lobby strategies, linking them to ethics and highlighting how the less powerful groups (NGOs) are acting. He will address the empowerment of NGOs over time: how they lobbied in the past and how they act today (referring to contents developed by Philip Young). “The question is not how you lobby. The first question is what or who you are lobbying for.” “The Advisory Group: A way forward. Enhancing expertise and consultative role” Daniela Terrile, Policy Officer, European Commission, will explain the actual information and advisory procedures for NGOs (e.g. decision 23/04/2004) that operate within the EU. She will brings a case study on rural development, highlighting the outputs of consultative working groups as well as the interaction between these groups and the E.U. Room: A5

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Friday 30 March Workshop: Critical analysis of lobbying strategies (reflection and presentations) Chair AM: Adela Rogojinaru / Anca Anton (University of Bucharest) Chair PM: Mark Phillimore / Henneke Sharif (University of Greenwich) Third assignment = 2 ECTS Subject: “Drawing on your developing experience, readings and theoretical inputs undertake a critical evaluation of the communication and public relations strategies used in lobbying which address the developing EU agenda around transparency.” 09.00 - 09.15: briefing - Adela Rogojinaru will highlight critical points on the previous presentations (first assignment) 09.15 - 09.30: Q&A Room: A2 09.30 - 14.00: reflection and presentation preparation Rooms: 10 working rooms in the library (M.01 to M.10 from 9.30 till 14.00) Lunch: 13.15 14.00 - 15.40: 4 Presentations, peer-reviewing 15.40 - 16.00: break 16.00 - 17.40: 4 Presentations, peer-reviewing 17.40 - 18.00: break 18.00 - 18.50: 2 Presentations, peer-reviewing 19.00 - 20.00: sum up re. the reflective group presentations (position papers) 20.00 - 21.30: dinner 21.30 - 22.30: marking Chair: Mark Phillimore (University of Greenwich, United Kingdom) Room: T.02.01 (from 14.00 to 20.00) What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks / Comments Presentation (powerpoint – 20 min) and group work

20%

Correct use of referencing and sources 10% Critical evaluation of communications and public relations strategies related to lobbying

30%

Analysis of transparency agendas and impact on lobbying

30%

Total 100%

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Saturday 31 March Evaluation - reporting - feedback Chair: Adela Rogojinaru, Mark Phillimore, Andrea Catellani, Salvatore Moccia 09.00 - 12.00: Final assignment (individual reflective essay) – 3 ECTS Subject: “Write a 3000 word reflective essay which draws on the case studies covered in the Erasmus IP – or other EU lobbying events. In your essay reflect on the relevance of the EU Green Paper on Transparency to current EU lobbying practice and processes. Your reflection needs to evaluate the role of public relations and communications in the lobbying process drawing on relevant readings and theoretical frameworks. Your reflection needs to consider how new influences on lobbying can be evaluated in a PR and communications perspective and what insights do these provide (if at all) on new developing lobbying processes”. Room: A5 What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks / Comments Clarity of expression and writing style 10% Correct use of referencing and sources 10% Analysis of EU Green Paper to lobbying practice

20%

Critical reflection of role of PR and communications to lobbying

40%

Analysis of insights on lobbying provided by communications and PR perspectives

20%

Total 100% 14.00 - 16.00: Evaluation and feedback

Chair: Anne-Marie Cotton (Arteveldehogeschool) / Andrea Catellani (UCL) 14.00 - 15.00: pasta buffet (in Kantiene) 17.00 - 19.00: Staff meeting - learning for lecturers (Zebrastraat)

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Your assignments

The students will be evaluated on four topics: 1) Final assignment: individual reflective essay (3000 word) – 3 ECTS, and 2) "Critical analysis related to communications and PR perspectives on lobbying context" (minor – 2 ECTS) 3) "The communication and public relations strategies used in lobbying which address the developing EU agenda around transparency" (minor – 2 ECTS) 4) “The PR management on public enterprise: the politic power, the public opinion and cultural diversity” (minor – 1 ECTS). All assignments will be evaluated by a team of minimum 2 professors from 2 different IP partner institutions.

First assignment = 2 ECTS. Subject: “Drawing on your initial experiences and readings reflect on the issues facing lobbying. Select one of your identified issues for a critical analysis related to communications and PR perspectives.” What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks / Comments Presentation (powerpoint – 20 min) and group work

30%

Correct use of referencing and sources 10% Identification Definition Of the issues = “problématisation”

30%

Critical approach on one of the identified issues related to communications and PR perspectives.

30%

Total 100% Second assignment = 1 ECTS Case study Portugal (public sector and crisis in a PA issue) “The PR management on public enterprise: the politic power and the public opinion”

What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks / Comments Press materials 30% Oral communication (spokesman) 30% Final report:

- Critical approach to the situation - Problem solving ability

40%

Total 100%

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Third assignment = 2 ECTS Subject: “Drawing on your developing experience, readings and theoretical inputs undertake a critical evaluation of the communication and public relations strategies used in lobbying which address the developing EU agenda around transparency.” What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks/ Comments Presentation (power point – 20 min) and group work

20%

Correct use of referencing and sources 10% Critical evaluation of communications and public relations strategies related to lobbying

30%

Analysis of transparency agendas and impact on lobbying

30%

Total 100%

Final assignment (individual reflective essay) – 3 ECTS Subject: “Write a 3000 word reflective essay which draws on the case studies covered in the Erasmus IP – or other EU lobbying events. In your essay reflect on the relevance of the EU Green Paper on Transparency to current EU lobbying practice and processes. Your reflection needs to evaluate the role of public relations and communications in the lobbying process drawing on relevant readings and theoretical frameworks. Your reflection needs to consider how new influences on lobbying can be evaluated in a PR and communications perspective and what insights do these provide (if at all) on new developing lobbying processes”. Room: A5 What and how to evaluate? Criteria % Remarks / Comments Clarity of expression and writing style 10% Correct use of referencing and sources 10% Analysis of EU Green Paper to lobbying practice

20%

Critical reflection of role of PR and communications to lobbying

40%

Analysis of insights on lobbying provided by communications and PR perspectives

20%

Total 100%

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Your Keynote speakers

As a consultant to Belgian and international businesses, Charles van der Straten Waillet has over 35 years of experience in communication and more particularly in the field of strategic consulting, financial communication and crisis communication at national and international level. In 1970 he was one of the founding shareholders of Infopublic S.A., which he helped develop into one of the leading Belgian communication consultancies in the 1980s. The Shandwick Group then acquired Infopublic. In 1995, Charles van der Straten Waillet started up European Communication Strategies (C.S.). The vision he had for the new company and which is fast becoming a reality today

was to create a hothouse for strategic communication serving Belgian and international clients. A past president of the International Public Relations Association (IPRA) in 1991, Charles van der Straten Waillet assumed this function for a second mandate in 2005, as IPRA was celebrating its 50th Anniversary. He also chaired the Belgian Public Relations Centre between 1980 and 1984. He is a past board member of the European Public Relations Confederation (CERP). His personal interests are collecting art, reading, opera, exhibitions and cooking. He is also active in the charity organisation United Fund for Belgium and is the national President of the Belgian Multiple Sclerosis League and a board member of the MS International Federation (MSIF). He was born in Brussels on 26/01/1943.

Thierry Dieu has been working since October 2004 as communications manager for ETNO, the leading trade association for European telecommunications network operators. ETNO is the main trade association for Europe’s 41 largest e-communications operators located in 34 countries. ETNO is a key interlocutor for EU and international institutions on a wide range of regulatory and technical matters related to the telecoms sector. The association also actively takes part in the debate on issues such as environmental protection and sustainability, Internet governance, network security, data protection and sustainability, privacy, protection of minors and fight against spam and cyber-crime.

Thierry Dieu is in charge of external communications and press activities of the association. Before joining ETNO, Thierry Dieu has worked as communications manager since 2001 at the CIAA, the confederation of food and drink industries of the EU. From 1998-2001 he was employed by the European Commission’s Information Society Directorate where he worked on the e-Europe program and developed information society technology events as a communications and media specialist. From 1995-98, he was a press and information officer for the European Commission’s delegation in Moscow. A journalist by education, he also collaborated with the press agency Belga, the BBC World Service and Radio Moscow International.

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Your lecturers

From l’Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL):

Andrea Catellani is a specialist of socio-semiotics, visual studies and organizational communication. He studied communications sciences at the University of Bologna (Italy). He obtained a doctorate in Semiotics in 2006, with a thesis on early-modern illustrated spiritual literature. He has taught semiotics and communication analysis in different universities. Between 2007 and 2009 he has been a post-doctoral fellow at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL, Belgium), as a member of the Group for Early Modern Cultural Analysis (GEMCA). He is now assistant professor in public relations and organizational communication

at UCL. He is member of LASCO (Laboratory for the Analysis of Organisational Communication Systems). He has published several articles and a book, in different languages, on semiotics, early-modern cultural analysis and contemporary communication. His current researches are on the analysis of organizational communication, in particular on environmental and nuclear sector’s communication.

Thierry Libaert est Professeur à l'Université de Louvain depuis 2008 où il dirige les enseignements de communication d’organisations et relations publiques, il est également maître de conférences à l'Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. Il dirige le Laboratoire d'Analyse des Systèmes de Communication d'Organisation (LASCO - Université de Louvain-la-Neuve). Il est membre du Comité Economique et Social Européen, du Conseil d'Administration de l'Agence française de Normalisation (AFNOR) et de l’Institut des Futurs souhaitables. Il a

publié une vingtaine d'ouvrages et de nombreux articles.

Nicolas Baygert est licencié en communication à l'Université catholique de Louvain, titulaire d'un Master en Relations Internationales à l’University of Kent (Royaume-Uni) et d'un DEA en Sciences Politiques (UCL). Chargé de cours à l'IHECS (Institut des Hautes Etudes des Communications Sociales) il effectue actuellement un Doctorat en sciences de l'information et de la communication en cotutelle au CELSA (Paris IV-Sorbonne) et à l'UCL. Il a exercé successivement dans un Think Tank européen (Centre for European Policy Studies), en agence de communication (Pracsis) dans le cadre de campagnes grand public liées aux thématiques de l'entreprise, de l'environnement et de l'énergie avant de rejoindre la

Commission européenne (2008-2011) comme chargé de communication (Press Officer) à la DG énergie. Il est membre du LASCO (Laboratoire d'Analyse des Systèmes de Communication des Organisations) depuis 2007.

Tom Delreux is associate professor at the "Institut de sciences politiques Louvain-Europe" and the "Institut d'études européennes" at the UCLouvain (Louvain-la-Neuve), where he teaches courses on European Union politics and institutions. Before joining the UCL in 2010, he was a Research Fellow of the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) at the University of Leuven, where he graduated in 2008. As a guest professor, he is also teaching in programmes at the "Faculté Libre de Droit" (University of Lille) and at the "Institute for International and European Policy" (University of Leuven). His research interests include the EU's external relations in former Œfirst pillar policy areas

(mainly environment), inter- and intra-institutional relations in the EU, international environmental politics, principal-agent modelling, and configurational comparative research methods (such as QCA). His work has appeared in several academic journals, including Journal of European Public Policy, International Environmental Agreements, Environmental Policy and Governance, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, and Journal of European Integration. He is the author of "The EU as International Environmental Negotiator" (Ashgate, 2011), which studies internal EU decision-making processes in the context of multilateral environmental negotiations.

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Etienne Judicaël is currently lecturer at UCL and a member of the Centre Charles de Visscher pour le droit international et européen (CeDIE). He is in charge of several courses in the School of Law and the Institute for European Studies. He graduated from UCL with a Law Degree in 2001 and holds an LLM in European Law from the University of Leipzig (2003). E. Judicaël was Research Fellow and Teaching Assistant at UCL from 2003 to 2010 and he earned his PhD in September 2010. He spent the past academic year at New York University as an Emile Noël Fellow and Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) Fellow. His research focuses mainly on EU External Action Law and International Law.

Marcel Gérard studied economics at the University of Namur, the University of Manchester and Harvard University. He is currently Professor of Economics and Taxation at the Université Catholique de Louvain in Louvain-la-Neuve and Mons, Belgium, where he is active in the Institut d’Etudes Européennes and the Louvain School of Management. He also teaches at the College of Europe in Bruges and the Facultés Universitaires Saint-Louis in Brussels. Marcel Gérard is a Research Professor at the IFO Institute for Economics Research in Munich and a member of the CESifo network in Public Economics and of the Marseille based Institut d’Economie Publique (IDEP). His research is mainly dedicated to

Taxation and Higher Education and Research. In Taxation, he especially studies the taxation of cross border savings, the taxation of multinational enterprises and fiscal federalism applied at European and country levels. In Higher Education and Research he focuses on the financing of internationally mobile students and researchers.

Jan Willem Brouwer studied history in Groningen and in Paris (Paris-I, Sorbonne). He holds a PhD from Leiden on “Divergences d'intérêts et mauvaises humeurs. La France et les pays du Benelux devant la construction européenne, 1942-1950”. He is a senior research fellow at the Centre for Parliamentary History at Nijmegen University (The Netherlands). He is a visiting professor at the Institut d’études européennes at the Université Catholique de Louvain. He publishes on European integration history. He recently participated in a biography of Charles de Gaulle published by Elsevier.

From Arteveldehogeschool University College: Anne-Marie Cotton is lecturer at Arteveldehogeschool University College. She teaches Media Planning, Advertising and Research Methods. She co-ordinates the Master programme in European Public Relations (MARPE) since 1997. She was president of EUPRERA (1999-2000) and EUPRERA secretary general (2001-2009). She graduated from the University of Ghent in Roman Philology. She holds a DESS from lAE-IPA Lille3 and a MBA from the Vlerick Management School Leuven-Gent. Prior to lecturing she was account manager in advertising agencies (Grey Belgium, JWT and Mirror GGK). She is managing editor of Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis and is invited

expert on the NQA (National Quality Agency Netherlands) for accreditations. Els Van Betsbrugge is a Lecturer in Public Relations at the Artevelde University College. Her main interests lay in the field of Crisis management, Internal Communication, Community Affairs, Media Relations and social media. From 1994 until 1997 she was a member of the think tank on the development of the curriculum of Public Relations in the professional bachelor courses in Flanders. From 1995 until 2011 she also coordinated the case programme at the Artevelde University College, department for Communication Management. In this programme lecturers and

students set up market research and advice for external organisations. She is a member of Euprera, 3C and BVIC. .

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Rik Otten is lecturer at Arteveldehogeschool University College. From the 1st of February 2012, he is the spokesperson of the Belgian Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Steven Vanackere. His research and teaching subjects are Media studies, Media ethics, Media relations, Media training. He is also teaching lector in the MOCOMA-programme (European Media systems and structures, Social & Current Affairs, Lobbying in the European Union). He is a member of the 2nd Chamber of the ”Vlaamse Media Regulator”. Machteld Weyts is lecturer at Arteveldehogeschool University College. She is in charge of several communication courses such as media-analysis, public communication and communication cases. She graduated from the University of Ghent in Communication Sciences in 2001 after graduating at Arteveldehogeschool itself in 1998. Before starting teaching she was a spokeswoman for the Flemish Public Transport Company. She is a board member of the Flemish Public Communication Society KORTOM. Her main interests lie in stakeholder management, public participation and policy making decisions on a local or regional level.

From Cardenal Herrera CEU Valencia: Maria José Solaz is Vice Rector at Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera de Valencia. She holds a PhD in psychology. She is co-ordinator of the Master MARPE Iberian line and co-ordinator of the Doctoral Programme in Communication. She teaches the courses "Account management" and "Organizational Communication" in Public Relations Degree as well as in CEU´S MBA. Her latest Doctoral Thesis as director: "From employee engagement to brand ambassadors", and "A theoretical branding model to SMEs". Prior to education, she was account manager and consultant in advertising and PR agencies.

Salvatore Moccia is Director of International Relations and Professor in Strategic and Design Management and Ethics in Business at Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera de Valencia. He is member of the Board of Directors of the Global Business Research Symposium and corresponding editor of the Review of Business Journal. External collaborator of AEC (Spanish National Association of Consulting Companies), he is co-developer of the Conciliation Plan for the Valencian Region. He works on theoretical and empirical research in several areas of business management. He is particularly interested in the implementation of management systems based on values, virtues and good humor. He is the author of the model for total quality management

based on values, and co-author of the business management model based on good humor. He is member of the International Society for Humor Studies, of the International Positive Psychology Association and expert in High Performance Work Systems. He holds a degree in Economics and Commerce from the University of Modena, in Strategic Sciences from the University of Torino and in Diplomacy and International Relations from the University of Trieste. He holds an MBA from St. John’s University, NY. He is currently working on a Ph.D. in Government and Organizational Culture, University of Navarra, and in Strategies and Business Management from the University of Valencia.

José Pepe Martinez is lecturer at Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera de Valencia (Spain). He teaches the courses: “Creativity in Communication” and “Creative Thought”. As a Research Fellow he had research stays in the United Kingdom and in The Netherlands: at the Solent Southampton University in the United Kingdom and at the Digital World Center at Inholland University in Rotterdam (The Netherlands). His latest research projects deal with the relationship between communication and drug addictions and with the impact of digital landscape in creative structures and processes. He presented several papers at national and international congresses. He also acts as communication and innovation consultant for

private and public companies.

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From the Instituto Superior de Novas Profissoes (INP): José Lemos Quintela is lecturer at INP - Instituto Superior de Novas Profissões, Lisboa. Since 2007 he is managing partner of Quintela & Reis Consulting, a communication and PR company. He worked at INAPA (pulp and paper sector) as communication director, Banif Bank and Aximage. As professor at INP he is course leader for “Media relations” and co-responsible for “PR specialties” courses at the BA of Public Relations & Advertising. He is MARPE teacher and guest professor at other universities. Quintela has published papers and a book on financial communication and he is responsible for the implementation of the biggest national event on financial literacy in Portugal - “Infovalor”. José Rui Reis is lecturer at INP - Instituto Superior de Novas Profissões, Lisboa and co-responsible of “PR specialties” on the BA of Public Relations & Advertising, MARPE teacher and guest professor at other universities. As practitioner José Rui Reis was PR director at Refer (Public Portuguese Railway Company) for ten years and he is deputy director at Parque Escolar (public company on direct dependence of the Education Minister) since 2007. These two experiences give him a strong background on managing relationship between political and public spheres. He published several papers in the PR field and more particularly about the role of the spokesman in company-driven contexts.

Susana de Carvalho is co-coordinator of the MARPE Iberian line and teacher of “Public Affairs and Lobbying” in this master. She is vice-dean of the Communication Sciences Department at INP - Instituto Superior de Novas Profissões, Lisboa as well as teacher of “PR Theory”, “PR Strategies”, “Reputation and Social Responsibility” and “Research in Integrated Communication” courses at the BA of Public Relations & Advertising. Susana Carvalho is the INP institutional representative at EUPRERA. She was invited to be reviewer at some international congress and present some papers, most of all in the field of PR. She takes part in several European research networks.

From the University of Greenwich: Mark Phillimore is a Senior Lecturer and Programme Leader for the Masters in Public Relations at the University of Greenwich. Prior to Greenwich, he had been a Visiting Lecturer at several business schools and universities in the UK and France, with a strong focus on online communications and e-marketing. These include: the ESCEM School of Business and Management in France, part of the University of Tours/Poitiers, the University of Bournemouth Media School, the University of Winchester, the European Business School in London and London Metropolitan University Business School. He also developed and ran training programmes

in social media for the UK’s professional PR body, the Chartered Institute of Public Relations from 2007-10 and for a variety of national organisations. Prior to lecturing, he had his own PR consultancy from 1986-2005, working with multinationals, SMEs and international organisations, particularly in the technology and maritime sectors, on a range of pan-European programmes. Clients included Panasonic, Matsushita, the Norwegian government and the EU. He completed in 2005 a MBA at the University of Portsmouth. He is a member of EUPRERA, the CIPR and BAFTA..

Paul Simpson is a lecturer and consultant, who embarked on an academic career after fifteen years working in PR, spanning both politics and entertainment. He began his academic career as an associate lecturer at Thames Valley University and the University of Greenwich, where he co-wrote the CIPR approved BA and MA degrees in Public Relations. He was Course Director for the BA (Hons) Public Relations at the University of the Arts London, based at London College of Communication between 2007 and 2009. He returned to the University of Greenwich in 2010, and in addition, has a visiting role at Kingston University.

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His PR subject interests include persuasion and influence, media relations, social media, political PR, rhetoric, and the broader subject of ”story-telling”. He recently co-wrote and launched the CIPR’s Diploma in Public Affairs and Political Communication, which he delivers through the PR Academy. In practice, Paul was at BBC Radio 1 for five years until 2001, representing DJ’s profiles as the station’s head of PR, and managing the corporate profile of one of the UK’s leading youth brands. In his final year at the BBC, he assumed additional responsibility, preparing for the launch of digital TV channel, BBC Three. He went on to advise the Government on youth communications, supporting then Home Office Minister, John Denham MP, before setting up his own consultancy, with clients including London dance music radio station Kiss 100, music technologist Shazam, and broadcaster Nicky Campbell. In his early PR career, Paul was press officer for Paddy Ashdown’s Liberal Democrats, and an aide to high profile South London MP, Simon Hughes.

Henneke Sharif is a part time lecturer at the University of Greenwich and an independent public affairs adviser. She primarily works with a range of think tanks, public bodies and royal societies and these have included The Royal Commonwealth Society, the Royal Society of Arts, Manchester City Council, Demos, 2020 Public Services Trust, The Work Foundation, ActionAid, Oxfam GB, The Design Council, Crafts Council, and Participle. Prior to this, she was partner at the public affairs agency LLM, advising clients in the private and public sector on their public affairs strategies. These included KPMG, Logica, CBI, Manchester City Council and The Commonwealth Games 2002. She was seconded to the

think tank the ippr to develop the feasibility study for a new think tank, the Centre for Cities. As well as being a part time lecturer at Greenwich, Henneke is an Advisory Board member to the think tank Bright Blue, an associate at Demos, and an associate at the cultural risk organisation Counterpoint. Henneke has a degree in English Literature from Birkbeck University and a Research Masters in Cultural Studies from the London Consortium, where her dissertation was on the creation of the public realm. Henneke is a contributor to the Huffington Post UK, The Commentator and Bright Blue’s Magazine.

From the University of Bucharest: Adela Rogojinaru holds a PhD in Philology, and she is Reader in the University of Bucharest, Romania. She is the current Head of the Department of Communication and Public Relations Studies of the Faculty of Letters and Director of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Communication Sciences and Public Relations. At the same time, she cumulates the administrative position of Director of the Centre for Distance Education in the same faculty. She is member of the Scientific Council of the Faculty of Letters and member of the University Senate. She is also member of numerous professional associations in the field of Communication

Sciences such as EUPRERA, ECREA, IAMCR, and IABC. In addition to her expertise in communication and Public Relations, she has developed projects about the educational reform process, academic and pre-university curriculum, teacher training, basic literacy, standards & qualifications, quality assurance. As regards the pedagogical portfolio, she has developed in the last 10 years the majority of study programmes in Public Relations disciplines of her Department, namely Interdisciplinary Fundamentals of PR, Methods and Strategies, Sectorial Applications of PR, Corporate Culture and Communication, PR for non-profit organisations.

Anca Anton is an assistant professor at the University of Bucharest. She holds a PhD in Romanian popular culture, focusing on its products, traits, trends and how they can be studied. Her research interests focus on corporate PR, NGO management and sustainable communication. Anca is vice-president of a youth NGO and national coordinator of a green project developed in partnership with 3 Romanian botanical gardens. Prior to education she was PR officer for the Quality Assurance Office of the University of Bucharest and worked in a PR agency for clients such as Unilever, ProLogis, Arctic, and Neogen.

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From l’Université de Lorraine: Hélène Boulanger is lecturer at Université de Lorraine, Programme leader MA Strategic communication and Head of the Information and Communication department. She was recently appointed as Director of the ”Collegium SHS de l'Université de Lorraine”. She holds a PhD in Information and communication sciences, Université Nancy 2. She is member of the Centre de Recherche sur les Médiations (Université de Lorraine).

Violaine Appel is lecturer at Université de Lorraine and Head of the communication unit, Institut Universitaire de Technologie. She holds a PhD in Information and communication sciences, IFP Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas. She is member of the Centre de Recherche sur les Médiations (Université de Lorraine).

From Sunderland University: Philip Young is a Senior Lecturer in Public Relations and Journalism at the University of Sunderland , specialising in media ethics and co-author, with David Phillips, of Online Public Relations 2nd ed (2009, Kogan Page). Programme Leader at the University of Sunderland, he has an international reputation as an expert on social media.

From Hull University:

Daniël Löwensberg is International Academic Coordinator and lecturer in Cross-Cultural, and Organisational Communication at the Business School, University of Hull. His current foci on research are: Cross-cultural Communication in H/E settings, Action Research in Public Relations Education and the management of Corporate Identity, Image and Reputation. He holds a ”Licenciado” in Public Relations (4 years u/g degree) from the Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Buenos Aires, a M.A. in Applied Linguistics from Birkbeck College, University of London and a M.Res. with Distinction in Research Methods for the Social

Sciences of the University of Bradford. Prior to education, he was Head of Marketing Communications and Public Relations UK and Ireland, Swissair, London (airline) plus sales positions for Swissair in the UK, Argentina and Chile. He is fluent in English, Spanish, German, French and Portuguese

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Your Guest Speakers

Karel van Hulle is Head of Unit at the European Commission in the Directorate-General Internal Market and Services. At the European Commission, he was subsequently Head of Unit for Accounting Standards, Head of Unit for Financial Reporting and Company Law and Head of Unit for Accounting and Auditing. In that capacity he was closely involved with the harmonisation in the fields of accounting, auditing, and company law both at EU level and internationally and served as the Commission's observer with the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), the Consultative Advisory Group of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the European

Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) and the financial reporting working party of the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR). He was Secretary of the High Level Group of Experts on Company Law which prepared the Commission’s 2003 Action Plan on Company Law. In November 2004, he was appointed Head of the Insurance and Pensions Unit. In his present function, his main responsibility is the preparation of a new solvency regime for insurance and reinsurance companies (Solvency II). Other areas of work include life and non-life insurance, reinsurance, insurance mediation, motor insurance, insurance guarantee schemes and pension funds. He represents the European Commission within the Committee of European Insurance and Pensions Supervisors (CEIOPS) and within the Technical Committee of the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS). Prior to that he spent eight years with the Belgian Banking Commission, where he worked in the legal department and served as the first secretary of the Belgian Accounting Standards Committee. He currently is a part-time senior lecturer at the KULeuven where he has been teaching for more than 30 years in both the Faculties of Law and Economics.

Florence Ranson has been in charge of Communications at the European Banking Federation since January 2002. Previously, she was Secretary General of the European Advertising Tripartite and also managed for 7 years the Team Europe project on behalf of the European Commission. Florence is Managing Vice President of the European Association of Communication Directors and co-Chair of the jury of the European Excellence Awards. A French national, she graduated in languages and international relations in Rennes and Paris.

Hans Hack is head of the Financial Service practice at FTI Strategic Communications Brussels. He joined FTI Consulting Brussels in 2011 having served as the Financial attaché with the Netherlands Permanent Representation to the EU since 2008 and prior to that, as Senior Policy Advisor at the Dutch Ministry of Finance. He has deployed his expertise in the sector to develop and enhance FTI Brussels’ rapidly expanding financial services practice. His expertise is wide and covers EU financial service regulations, funds and retail financial services. He was drawn to FTI Strategic Communications Brussels by the chance to grow the practice.

Hans takes an open approach to problem solving, considering all solutions and deploying those best suited to the situation. He studied at the University of Utrecht and obtained a master in Law and Economics.

Hannah Grant is a policy advisor in Insurance Europe’s international affairs and reinsurance department. The main bulk of her work is on ensuring that decisions taken outside of Europe on the design and implementation of new regulation are appropriate for the European Insurance Industry. She works on a broad range of issues from systemic risk and Solvency II equivalence to market access. Hannah is also active in the work of the IAIS and has represented the European insurance industry’s views in discussions on global standard setting. She started her career with Lloyd’s of London where she worked in International

Compliance and Government Policy and Affairs, before being seconded out to Insurance Europe (formally the CEA) back in April 2010.

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Gustavo Martinie is adviser to the Directorate General Valencia regional representation in Brussels and is responsible for transport, information society, regional marketing and tourism dossiers, leading a team of 12 people. He is leading communication strategies for the organization and designing work flows and quality procedures. He is managing different European projects on R&D, ICTs and interregional cooperation: Citymobil (6FP); Forestur (LdV); I-Set (e-TEN); IPP (Interreg IIIC); U@Marenostrum (e-Participation); SHIFT, CHORD and INNOVATE-MED (Med); Castle (Interreg IVC); SIMPYC (Life). He is lobbying for regional priorities and dossiers at the EU Level (i.e: Mediterranean

corridor, EC Directives impacting the regional economy); regional networking (AER, ERRIN, Lisbon Regions; Wateregio.); institutional agendas etc. He is also preparing candidacy dossiers for events and de-centralized agencies seeking for hosting regions.

Francisca Meliá is EU-Relations Manager at European Petroleum Association, EUROPIA. She holds a Law degree at the University of Navarra and a European Law degree at the Universität des Saarlandes (Germany) and Karl-Franzens Universität (Austria). She has more than a decade of experience in lobbying in Brussels in different functions. She worked previously as a Senior Adviser with the European Enginneering Federation (ORGALIME); as Secretary General with the European Fire and Security Council (EFSAC); as expert for the « European Economic and Social Committee» (CESE); and as an

external adviser for the European Commission in cooperation assessment projects. Before starting her lobbying career in Brussels, she worked for a number of years as a trade and investment adviser in Germany for the Spanish Regional Development Agency IVEX and as a consultant and a European lawyer for the German law firm «Feddersen, Laule, Scherzberg & Ohle, Hansen, Ewerwahn“. In parallel, since 2009 Francisca is Adviser in European issues to the Spanish Engineering Institute and has been a member of the Executive Committee in PWI during the period 2008-2009.

Gilda Lazăr is one of the most prominent figures in corporate and public sector in Romania. She is the Head of Corporate Affairs & Communications for Japan Tobacco International (JTI) Romania and Moldova with main responsibilities in the area of Government Relations & Regulatory Affairs, Media Relations, Community Relations/CSR, Internal Communications, and Corporate Branding. She is also a Lecturer on Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Affairs at the Faculty of Letters, Masters on Communications - University of Bucharest. In addition, she is the acting President of the “Friends of Opera” Association. She holds an MA from the University of Bucharest, Philological Faculty, and a Master in

Business Law from the Romanian-American University and numerous qualifications and trainings from institutions like London School of Economics, INSEAD, Boston College or Pinnacle. Ms. Lazăr started her career as teacher and shortly after 1989 became one of the public opinion leaders, a well-known journalist working for prestigious media institutions like România Liberă and Radio Free Europe. In 1996, she was the Spokesperson to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania, Special advisor to the Deputy Prime Minister.

Doctor in Literature, Arts, History & Philosophy (Universita di Lettere e Filosofia di Genova, Italy) and adept in participatory leadership, Daniela Terrile provides strategic assistance in finding the right balance within an organization to maximize successful outcomes and facilitate change. Her extensive experience in the development of valuable relationships with key stakeholders and government agencies has led to a number of successful initiatives including a DG DEVCO workshop with Member States on Financing for Development. She is Policy Officer at the Agriculture and Rural Development Division (European Commission) which aim is to assist people to remain within urban areas and promote

quality through sustainable systems, alongside undertaking core agriculture research on how to use the best resources for individual regions. Her job consists of developing effective relationships between a wide variety of stakeholders, understanding their needs in addition to the core directives and hierarchies within a

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framework. She aims gaining the buy-in of stakeholders who include large trade organisations, environmental groups, agricultural farmers, contacts from industry and consumer groups. She also coordinates relationships between the Commission and the socio-economic organisations relating to matters covered by the common agricultural policy and by the policy of rural development. Finally she makes valuable contributions to the task of the sector responsible for the development of relations with NGOs by preparing and organising advisory groups. She has organized lectures, book presentations, debates and round table conferences on water and Climate Change and Global governance.

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Where do you come from?

From the University of Bucharest:

Alexandre André Georges BARBAUX Ana-Maria STOICA Anca BĂDESCU Anca Elena AMARIEI Carmen Maria RUSU Claudia LUNGU Diana DIACONESCU Emilia Georgiana LEONESCU Iulia Maria BAIBARAC Lucia ASTRATINEI Maria-Lavinia BUCUR Marina Elena DRĂGHICI Nicoleta Alina GHERGHINA Raluca Ioana DUȚĂ Roxana CONDRUȚ

From the Iberian Line of the MARPE programme: Alvaro Piedra GIMENEZ Ana P, Ferreira da COSTA Ana Sofia JESUS Anelise Farencena RIGHI Claudia Cristina Guerra CAFONCELLI

Cristina Llinares CARRASCO David Miguel Ferreira JORGE German Moreno ALBA Isabel Garcia FRANCH Joan Escortell TOMAS

José Luis ARTAL Karen Priego MORALES Luís Carlos Abreu MORGADO Raquel Filipa NUNES Rita Vanessa ALVES

Sandra Margarida Mendes da CUNHA

From l’Université Lorraine:

Aline CHARTON Claire BOUFFARON Inès BAHRI

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Raoul ROY Sarah DIEMUNSCH

From l’Université Catholique Louvain:

Anne-Sophie DE VEYT Benjamin BERGIERS Delphine ANZEVUI Florence DUVAL Jasmijn DE SMET Luigi SCUOTTO Pauline BONNET Sabrina MIRAILLES

From the University of Greenwich:

Carina HANDELMANN Cecile TALAIRACH Maritza MUNEVAR Razvan-Virgil MALITA Ridhi VIRMANI Samana MALIK Sara TRAJKOVSKA Serge REUTER Shoichi YAMASHITA Tina CLARK Tsvetan STOYKOV

From Arteveldehogeschool University College:

Eva DE SMET

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KEY READINGS

The following three readings are regarded as core for the Erasmus IP on Public Relations: Government Relations and Lobbying in a European Perspective. These need to be read by all participants before arriving for the workshop in March 2012. These readings provide the political, policy and corporate governance context behind lobbying in the European sphere and also in the global context (OECD). These are available in different language versions but all are available in English and French.

However, they are not the only perspective and each participating university will be preparing a range of introductory readings and links drawing on media coverage, text books and academic papers. All of these readings and links will be included in the common list of references available to all students both in print and on the online environment for the workshop.

Key readings EU Commission. 2006. Green Paper European Transparency Initiative. Available through Europa website: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/eti/index_en.htm [Accessed 1st February 2012]

EU Commission. 2006. White Paper on a European Communication Policy. Available through Europa website: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/decisionmaking_process/l10105_en.htm [Accessed 1st February 2012]

(Different language versions available by drop down menu top right of web page. Adobe Acrobat pdf copies of papers also available top right. )

OECD. 2009. Lobbyists, Government and Public Trust. Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development. Available through OECD website: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/4/44/49110298.pdf?contentId=49110299 [Accessed 1st February 2012.]

French language version. http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/governance/lobbying-pouvoirs-publics-et-confiance-volume-1_9789264073395-fr [Accessed: 1st February 2012.]

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References

Amin, M. (2010). The “L” Word: Is lobbying actually a sign of progress in developing countries? World Bank blogs. Available: http://blogs.worldbank.org/psd/node/10439 [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Alber & Geiger. (2011). EU's leading lobbying law firm. Available: www.albergeiger.com [Last accessed 3rd February 2012]. Alter, R. (2010). Clearer Lobbying for Cleaner Policy Making. Available: http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/3254/Clearer_lobbying_for_cleaner_policymaking.html [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Anon. (2007). Expert Group on Conflict of Interest with a Special Session on Lobbying: Enhancing Transparency and Accountability, Paris, 07-08 June 2007. Available: http://www.oecd.org/documentprint/0,3455,en_2649_34135_38946352_1_1_1_1,00.html [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Banks, M. (2011). UK could “learn from EU” on lobbying rules. The Parliament.com. http://www.theparliament.com/latest-news/article/newsarticle/uk-could-learn-from-eu-on-lobbying-rules/ [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Birklanld, Thomas A. (2005) Policy Process: Theories, Concepts and Models of Public Policy Making. 2 Ed. M.E. Sharpe Burston-Marstellar. (2009). Burston-Marstellar Guide to Effective Lobbying in Europe 2009. Available: http://www.burson-marsteller.com/Innovation_and_insights/blogs_and_podcasts/BM_Blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=143 [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Coen, D (2007). Lobbying in the European Union. Briefing Paper Directorate General Internal Policies of the Union, European Parliament. Available through: http://www.eurosfaire.prd.fr/7pc/doc/1211469722_lobbying_eu.pdf [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Coombs, W T & Holladay, S. (2010). Ch 5 Public Relations as Activism and Ch. 10 Issues Management. In: PR Strategy and Application; Managing Influence. London: Wiley-Blackwell. Dahan, N.M. (2009) "The four Ps of corporate political activity: a framework for environmental analysis and political action", Journal of Public Affairs 14723891 (2009) Volume: 9, Issue: 2, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Pages: 111-123 Available from search.ebscohost.com [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Davis, A. (2007). The Mediation of Power – A critical introduction. Taylor & Francis, London de Bussy, N.M., Kelly, L. (2009). Stakeholders,Politics and Power. Towards and understanding of stakeholder identification andsalience in government. Journal of Communication Management. Available: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1896077&show=html [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. EU Commission . 2006. Green paper European transparency initiative. Available through Europa website: HTTP://EC.EUROPA.EU/TRANSPARENCY/ETI/INDEX_EN.HTM [Accessed 3rd February 2012] (Different language versions available by drop down menu top right of web page. Adobe Acrobat pdf copies of papers also available top right. ) EU Commission. 2006. White Paper on a European Communication Policy. Available through Europa website: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/decisionmaking_process/l10105_en.htm [Accessed 3rd February 2012]

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(Different language versions available by drop down menu top right of web page. Adobe Acrobat pdf copies of papers also available top right. ) EU Parliament. (2003). Lobbying in the European Union: Current Rules and Practices. Working Paper. Available through Europa website: http://ec.europa.eu/civil_society/interest_groups/docs/workingdocparl.pdf [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. European Commission. 2001. European governance. A white paper in HTTP://EUR-LEX.EUROPA.EU/LEXURISERV/LEXURISERV.DO?URI=CELEX:52001DC0428:EN:NOT [Accessed 3rd February 2012] European Commission. 2002. Towards A Reinforced Culture Of Consultation And Dialogue - General Principles and Minimum Standards for Consultation of Interested Parties by the Commission in HTTP://EUR-LEX.EUROPA.EU/LEXURISERV/LEXURISERV.DO?URI=CELEX:52002DC0704:EN:NOT [Accessed 3rd February 2012] EU Transparency Register (2011). http://europa.eu/transparency-register/index_en.htm [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Haverland, M., Liefferink, D. (2012) Member State Interest Articulation in the Commission Phase. Institutional Pre-Conditions for Influencing ‘Brussels’ in HTTP://SSRN.COM/ABSTRACT=1805579 [Accessed 3rd February 2012] Igan, D., Mishra, P., Tressel, T. (2009). A Fistful of Dollars: Lobbying and the Financial Crisis. IMF Working Paper. 2012. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2009/wp09287.pdf. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Jaatinen, M. (1998) Emerald | Corporate Communications: An International Journal | Lobbying for conflict accommodation — a contingency model. 2012. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1670666. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Jensen, I. (2002). Emerald | Journal of Communication Management | Public relations and emerging functions of the public sphere: An analytical framework. 2012. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1524195&show=html. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Lane, Jan-Erik (1995) The Public Sector – Concepts, Models and Approaches, 2 ed., Sage Publications L'Etang, J Y (2009). Public Relations: Concepts, Practice and Critique. Ch.5. Public Affairs and the Public Sphere. P.96. Edition. Sage Publications Ltd, London Lobbying: a ticking timebomb? Politics. ( 2012). Lobbying: a ticking timebomb? Politics. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/politics/article-23998253-lobbying-a-ticking-timebomb.do. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Lobbying effectively in Brussels and Washington – Getting the right result | DeepDyve. (2012). Lobbying effectively in Brussels and Washington – Getting the right result | DeepDyve. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/lobbying-effectively-in-brussels-and-washington-getting-the-right-51CmQPmoin. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. McGrath, C. (2006) Emerald | Journal of Communication Management | The ideal lobbyist: Personal characteristics of effective lobbyists. Volume 10 (1), pp. 67-79 [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1541701&show=html. [Accessed 3rd February 2012].

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McGrath, C. et al. (2010) The evolving discipline of public affairs - McGrath - 2010 - Journal of Public Affairs - Wiley Online Library. [ONLINE] Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pa.369/abstract. [Accessed 3rd February 2012].10 (4), pp. 335-352; Moloney, K (2006). Rethinking Public Relations: PR Propaganda and Democracy. 2nd Edition. Routledge. Muller, Pierre (2000) Les Politiques Publiques. 4Ed. Que Sais-je? Paris, PUF – Presses Universitaires de France Muller, Pierre & Surel, Yves (1998) L’Analyse des Politiques Publiques, Clefs Politique. Paris: Montchrestien OECD. (2008). Lobbyists, governments and public trust. Building a legislative framework for enhancing transparency and accountability in lobbying. http://www.oecd.org/document/16/0,3746,en_2649_34135_41074896_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD. 2009. Lobbyists, Government and Public Trust. Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development. Available through OECD website: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/4/44/49110298.pdf?contentId=49110299 [Accessed 3rd February 2012.] French language version. http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/governance/lobbying-pouvoirs-publics-et-confiance-volume-1_9789264073395-fr [Accessed: 3rd February 2012.] Parvin, P. (2007) Friend or Foe? Lobbying in British Democracy - 1 Feb 2007 - Hansard Society in the Media. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hansardsociety.org.uk/blogs/hansard_in_the_media/archive/2007/09/28/friend-or-foe-lobbying-in-british-democracy-1-feb-2007.aspx. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Rosenbloom, David H. (1986) Public Administration: Understanding management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector, 4.ed., McGraw-Hill Schepers, S. (2010). Emerald | Corporate Governance | Business-government relations: beyond lobbying. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1878384. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Sharif, H. (2011) The Commentator - I hate lobbyists. And I am one. But they are absolutely necessary.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.thecommentator.com/article/546/i_hate_lobbyists_and_i_am_one_but_they_are_absolutely_necessary_. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Smallwood A (Ed). (2008). Lobbying in the EU. Available: http://www.eurunion.org/News/eunewsletters/EUInsight/2008/EUInsight-Lobbying-Sept08.pdf [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Souchard, Maryse & Wahnich, Stephane (1995) La Communication Politique Locale. Que Sais-je? Paris, PUF – Presses Universitaires de France Svendsen, G.T., (2011). Organic Eprints - Evaluating and regulating the impacts of lobbying in the EU? The case study of green industries. [ONLINE] Available at: http://orgprints.org/18778/. [Accessed 3rd February 2012]. Tench, R., Yeoman, L. (2006). Exploring Public Relations. Pearson. Ch.23, Public Affairs. p.447. Von Schendelen, R. (2003). Machiavelli in Brussels. The Art of Lobbying the EU. Amsterdam Press. Available: http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=DqEoqkJ0WIUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA11&dq=eu+and+lobbying&ots=D8wiCQi6G9&sig=7wapq9gK7ligLcjGmkbzdUjnAYw#v=onepage&q=eu%20and%20lobbying&f=false Worst EU Lobbying Awards. (2012). Worst EU Lobbying Awards. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.worstlobby.eu/. [Accessed 3rd February 2012].

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Zetter, L. (2011) Lobbying: The Art of Political Persuasion (2nd ed), Petersfield: Harriman House Zemor, Pierre (1991), La Communication Publique: Le Pari de l’Authenticité. La Communication Publique. Revue Française d’Administration Publique, n 58, avril-juin 1991, 187-199 Zemor, Pierre (1999), La Communication Publique. 2 Ed. Que Sais-je? Paris, PUF – Presses Universitaires de France