Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080

Course Title: General Biology (1) & General Biology

Departments: Biology, Chemistry, Physics & Mathematics

Levels: Second and Third LevelsCredit hours: (3,2)

Prepared by: Dr. Shereen ElkholyLectures (1-7)

Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080

Course Title: General Biology (1) & General Biology

Departments: Biology, Chemistry, Physics & Mathematics

Levels: Second and Third LevelsCredit hours: (3,2)

Prepared by: Dr. Shereen ElkholyLectures (1-7))

Course Description

►Definition of Biology►Chemical basis of living organisms►Organic components of living organisms►Non Organic components of living organisms►Cells and Tissues of Plants (Structure and function)►Biodiversity (The division and classification of viruses-bacteria- algae- plant)►Bioenergy production (Photosynthesis- Securing solar energy)►Breakdown of large molecules and release of energy►The main roads of genetic

Definition of BiologyBiology (from the Greek words bios = life and logos = science or studying). It means the study of life or living organisms in terms of their structure, function, distribution, adaptation, interactions, evolution and all vital activities.

Life PropertiesDespite the difficulty of defining life and determine its characteristics accurately, the secret of life lies in the protoplasm (living material that make up the body cells of the organism).

protoplasm consists of organic compounds as nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and fats, but it is characterized by being living.

The most important characteristic of living organisms is the ability to conduct the next vital operations:

1-Nutrition A vital process that enables the organism to obtain the necessary energy to carry out other vital operations .

Nutrition includes the following stages:a- Nutrient uptakeb- Nutrient Processing c- Waste elimination

2-RespirationIt is the process of gas exchange.

Inhalation of OxygenExhalation of carbon dioxide.

3-Growth and ReproductionGrowth: Constitutes the total of the biological processes that lead to increase the size of the organism .

The reproduction is increasing the number of organisms.

4 -LocomotionMeans the ability of the organism to move from one place to another in the media where they live this known as the virtual movement in animals

sometimes some plants exercise this type of movement as the movement of insect-eaters plants.

if we look closer under the microscope, we see the movement of organelles in the cells, this type of movement is known as cytoplasmic movement .

Response to the external stimuli:

the Organism responds to external stimuli by irritability through moving to or away from the source. As a result of persistent exposure to this external source arises the so-called individual adaptation. Over time, produces the so-called evolution.

Biological Sciences branchesMorphologyEcology Taxonomy Anatomy Histology Cytology Genetics Embryology

Physiology Animal Behavior

BiochemistryMicrobiology Parasitology

Phycology Mycology Virology Entomology Pathology Vertebrates zoology

Invertebrates zoology Marine biology Endocrinology Auxinology

Evolution

Biotechnology

Genetic engineering

MorphologyStudy the shape and the outer structure of the living organism.

EcologyStudy the relationship of living organisms with each other and with the media where they live.

TaxonomyStudy the classification of living organisms and their division in groups.

AnatomyStudy the internal structure of the living organism.

Histology Study the composition and function of tissues of the living organism. CytologyStudy the molecular composition of cells and its

biological processes .

GeneticsStudy the genetic material and genetic traits and

their transmission across generations .Embryology

Study the formation and growth of embryos of living organisms .

PhysiologyStudy the function of the body organs of the living organisms .

Animal Behavior Study the animal behavior in response to

external stimuli .Biochemistry:

Study the chemistry of the cell and its biological process.Microbiology

The study of different micro-organisms .

ParasitologyStudy the biological and environmental

characteristics of parasites and the diseases

caused them .Phycology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of algae.Mycology Study the biological and environmental

characteristics of fungi and their relationships to

humans .

Virology Study the biological and environmental

characteristics of viruses and the diseases

caused by them .Entomology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of insects and their economic

and pathological relationship to humans .

PathologyStudy the causes of different diseases, and the

methods of treatment .

Vertebrates zoology Study the biological environmental characteristicsof vertebrate animals

Invertebrates zoology Study the biological and environmental

characteristics of invertebrate animals .

Marine biologyStudy the biological and environmental

characteristics of marine organisms .

EndocrinologStudy the biological characteristics of animal hormone .

AuxinologyStudy the biological characteristics of plant

hormones .