4 4.3 Methane Emissions from Rice Cultivation: Flooded Rice Fields
Country report on rice cultivation practice: Thailand€¦ · Country report on rice cultivation...
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Transcript of Country report on rice cultivation practice: Thailand€¦ · Country report on rice cultivation...
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C iCountry report on rice cultivation practice: Thailandcultivation practice: Thailand
Amnat Chidthaisong, Kanittha Kanokkanjana, SavitriGarivait, Sebastian Bonnet and Sirinthornthep Towprayoon
Expert Meeting, 2‐3 June 2011B k k Th il dBangkok, Thailand
1
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Rice cultivation area 1998-2008
11000 Total
9000
10000Rainfed
ha)
6000
7000
8000
rea
(100
0 h
4000
5000
6000
Rice
fiel
d ar
2000
3000Irrigated
R
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1000
YearYear
deep‐water rice
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Irrigated riceIrrigated rice
Wassmann et al., 2009b
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Rainfed riceRainfed rice
Wassmann et al., 2009b
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Yield vs. Ecotypes
Rainfed rice Irrigated rice
9200
Rice planting area
3 5
4.0
2000
2200
Planting area Harvest area
5.0
9000
0 ha
)
3.0
3.5
Yied (ton/ha)
1800
000
ha)
4 6
4.8 Yied (ton/ha)
8600
8800
field
are
a (1
00
2.5
d (to
n/ha
)
Yied (ton/ha)
1400
1600
y fie
ld a
rea
(1
4.4
4.6
8400Rice harvest areaPa
ddy
2.0Y
ield
1200
1400
Padd
y4.2
8000
8200
1 0
1.5
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1000
4.0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 20088000
Year
1.0
Year
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Typical rice cultivation cycle in Thailand
1. Land preparationpreparation
Straw management
Crop rotationVariety selection
Straw management &
Utilization
2. Seeding & Planting3. Harvesting & Planting
Irrigation, fertilization, weeds & pest controlsWater drainage
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1 Land preparation1. Land preparation
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HarrowingHarrowing
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2 Seeding & Planting2. Seeding & Planting
Pre‐germinated broadcasting rice:96.47% in second rice and 28.85% in major rice (2009)
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Parachutingg
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Rice variety: Major riceMajor rice production in 2007 (ton) Cultivation area of Major rice in 2007 (ha)
Supanburi Supanburi
0%
Local varities9%
Klaung Loung
0%
0%Patumtani 1
5%
Supanburi1 9%
Local varities10%
Offi i lChainat 1
6%
Klaung Loung
0%
Patumtani 13%
Supanburi1 5%
Kao-Kho 1523%
Jusmine rice 25%
Chainat 18% Kao-Kho 15
27%Jusmine rice
31%
Official Varities 2
10%
6%
Kao-Kho 6 2%
Supanburi Official
Varities 1
Official Varities 2
13% Kao-Kho 6 3%
Supanburi
Official Varities 1
4%
60,90 2%
Varities 1 4% 60,90
1%
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Rice variety: Second riceRice variety: Second riceCultivation area of Second rice in 2007 Second rice production in 2007 (ton)Cultivation area of Second rice in 2007
(ha)
ไ ่ Supanburi 60 90
Second rice production in 2007 (ton)
Kao-Kho 10
Kao-Kho กข.ไม่ไว
แสง
Supanburi 60,90 5%
S b i
Kao-Kho 102%
Kao-Kho กข.ไม่ไวแสง
8%
Supanburi 60,90 5%
103% 8% Official
Varities 2 20%
Supanburi1
30% Official Varities 2
20%Chainat 1 2Patumtani 1
Supanburi1 31%
Pisanuloke 1,2Chainat
1 2Supanburi
1%
Patumtani 1
12%Pisanuloke 1,2
Chainat 1,218%13%
2%1,219%
1%12% 2%Supanburi 1%
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FertilizationCultivation method Basal Fertilizer
Type or N-P-K (kg/ha), timing of applying fertilizer after
Topdressing FertilizerType or N-P-K (kg/ha), timing of applying fertilizer after
planting plantingTransplanting 16-16-8 (125) AS (187.5), 20 days
CMP (630) Urea (93.75), 64 daysTransplantingSeedlingPlanting
Manure/Compost (5000)16-16-8 (100)
16-16-8 (NA), 15 daysUrea 46-0-0 (40), flowering
1) Photoperiod-sensitive2) Photoperiod-insensitive
16-16-8 (156), -1-0 day or 15 daysor AS (156) and KCl (30-60), 1 0 d 15 d
or AS (21-0-0) (78.75), floweringUrea 46-0-0 (78), flowering
AS (21 0 0) (156 25)-1-0 day or 15 days16-16-8 (187.5), -1-0 day or 15 days
AS (187 5) d KCl (3 6)
or AS (21-0-0) (156.25), flowering
or AS (187.5) and KCl (3-6), -1-0 day or 15 days
BroadcastingP e e i ted eed 16 20 0 (137 5) 15 dPre-germinated seed broadcasting
- 16-20-0 (137.5), 15 daysUrea (18.75), 15 daysUrea (39), 57 days
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lime is applied for 3 bags/rai (5 kg/bag, or 94 kg/ha)
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3 Harvesting3. Harvesting
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Rice straw production, DEDE 2009
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Rotation croppCrotalaria juncea
Crotalaria juncea
Canavalia ensiformis
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Maize‐Rice rotation
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Socio economic aspectsSocio‐economic aspectsf
25,000
Cost of Major rice
20,000
Variable cost (baht/ha)
10,000
15,000 Fixed cost (baht/ha)
Total cost (baht/ha)
5,000
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
OAE, 2010
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35 000
Cost of Second rice
30,000
35,000
25,000
20,000
Variable cost (baht/ha)
Fixed cost (baht/ha)
10 000
15,000
Fixed cost (baht/ha)
Total cost (baht/ha)
5,000
10,000
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
OAE, 2010
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35000
Farmer's Income
30000
35000
25000
15000
20000
ome (bah
t/ha
)
Major rice
10000
15000
Inco Second rice
5000
02005 2006 2007 2008
Year
(BOI, 2008)
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1. Land preparation
Variety selection
preparation
Straw management
Crop rotation
Straw management &
Utilization
2. Seeding & Planting3. Harvesting & Planting
Irrigation, fertilization, weeds & pest controlsWater drainage