COUNTRY PRESENTATION

ON

MR JAYNAL ABEDIN

JOINT SECRETARY ( WORKS & DEVELOPMENT )

MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

By

Geographical Locationof Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

TOTAL AREA:

147,570 sq km

LAND:

133,910 sq km (90%)

WATER:

13,660 sq km (10%)

Highlands at south-

eastern and north-

eastern part

Max Height

1,230 m

Sunderban

Country at a Glance

Physical Features

5

Meghna Basin

82,000 sqkm

Brahmaputra Basin

552,000 sq-km

Ganges Basin

1,087,000 sq-km

B A Y O F B E N G A L

BHUTAN

I N D I A

C H I N A

BANGLADESH

I N D I A

Bangladesh receive runoff from a catchment of 1.72 million

sq-km, around 12 times of its land area

Impact Channel of Climate Change

• Erratic rainfall

• Temperature rise

• Sea level rise and salinity intrusion

• Rise of extreme climatic events :

– flood frequency

– cyclone and storm surges

– droughts

Rainfall Pattern of

Bangladesh

Daily average

monsoon rainfall

modal value is 20.6 mm

on 16 June and 21.1

mm on 10 July.

The intra seasonal

variation is 5-7 days

with the changing

value of 3-5 mm.

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

Jun_

01Ju

n_05

Jun_

09Ju

n_13

Jun_

17Ju

n_21

Jun_

25Ju

n_29

Jul_0

3Ju

l_07

Jul_1

1Ju

l_15

Jul_1

9Ju

l_23

Jul_2

7Ju

l_31

Aug_

04Au

g_08

Aug_

12Au

g_16

Aug_

20Au

g_24

Aug_

28Se

p_01

Sep_

05Se

p_09

Sep_

13Se

p_17

Sep_

21Se

p_25

Sep_

29

Day

Rainf

all in

mm

Normal Rainfall in different months over Bangladesh

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Months

Rain

fall

in

mm

Rainfall Trend in

Bangladesh

IWFM, BUET, 2011

Seasonal Variation of Rainfall in Bangladesh

y = 2.3421x - 4220.8

R2 = 0.0806

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Rain

fall

(m

m)

y = -0.9556x + 3493

R2 = 0.0056

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Rain

fall

(m

m)

M onsoon_C

y = 0.2849x - 354.49

R2 = 0.00290

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Ra

infa

ll (

mm

)

Post -M onsoon_C

y = 0.2929x - 541.28

R2 = 0.0256

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Ra

infa

ll (

mm

)

Winter_C

Pre-Monsoon Monsoon

Post-Monsoon Winter

Variation of Yearly Rainfall

Over All Bangladesh

y = 1.993x - 1680.8

R2 = 0.0127

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Yearly_C

y = 3.6972x - 5253.2

R2 = 0.0222

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Tota

l Rain

fall

in m

m

Yearly

Variation of Yearly Rainfall

Variation of Yearly Rainfall in Dhaka

Spatial rainfall distribution of Bangladesh

Temperature Trend in

Bangladesh

Almost all the stations exhibit increasing trends

in mean annual temperatures, 1.20C per century

(100 years); Increase in winter (December-

February) 0.70C

IWFM, BUET, 2011

Seasonal Variation of Mean Temperature in Bangladesh

Pre-Monsoon Monsoon

Post-Monsoon Winter

Flood

• Bangladesh is facing floods almost every year due to heavier rainfall

inside and outside the country.

• Major flood occurred from 1970 to 2009, but the frequency of major

flood occurrenc has increased since 1990.

• 39 million people have been displaced by floods since 1970.

• In 2000, about 3 million people became homeless due to inundation

of 5 coastal districts.

• In 2004, 39 districts were affected, leaving 36 million people

homeless.

16

twice during 1954 – 1986 period (55 & 74)(33 years)

Flooded Area from 1954 to 2011

Jamuna River at Bahadurabad

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

0-Jan 19-Feb 9-Apr 29-May 18-Jul 6-Sep 26-Oct 15-Dec

Wate

r L

evel

(mP

WD

)

1988 1998 2004 2007 Danger Level Recorde Highest WL

2007

2004

1988

1998

Flood in Bangladesh

0 SLR

60 cm SLR

120 cm SLR

Impact of Climate Change on Salinity Intrusion

(5ppt Salinity line)

Hiron Point

95 km

55 km

Sundarbans

Khulna

Barisal

BholaBarguna

Patuakhali

River Erosion in Jamuna

During the last three decades. The Jamuna, Ganges and Meghna rivers have consumed about 180,000 ha land.

3 m Line

6 m Line

1 m Line

Inundation Risk Map Coastal Area

• Cyclone/storm surge: increased frequency & intensity,

increasing salinity

• Flood: increased frequency & magnitude

• Droughts: Spreading over time and space

• Erratic rainfall: Intensive rain in short time

• Temperature: extremely increasing

• Riverbank and coastal erosion: increasing

• Water logging and permanent inundation due to SLR

Climate change impacts in Bangladesh

Water logging

Drought

Flood

Cyclone Storm surge,

salinity

Bank erosion

Hazards Bangladesh faces

River Bank Erosion

Drought, Floods,

Cyclones likely to

increase in future

due to climate

change.

Disaster risk

reduction strategy

need strengthening.

Cyclone

• From 1970 to 2009, the total number of major cyclones

stroked Bangladesh was 26.

• 150,000 people and 70,000 cattle died in 1991 cyclone. Loss

of property was estimated at about Tk 60 billion.

• Cyclone Sidr, displaced 650,000 people and killed 3,447.

• In the year 2009, about 200,000 people were displaced by

cyclone Bijli.

Drought

Drought is another severe natural phenomenon which causes

disastrous crop failures.

River Flood

River Bank Erosion

Flash Flood.

Surge height >1m

Surge height <1m

Critical and

Specific Issues

Drought

Observational Facilities

of BMD

a. Synoptic observatories : 35

b. Pilot Observatories : 10

c. Rawinsonde Observatories : 3

d. Agromet observatories : 12

e. RADAR Stations : 5

f. Earthquake Monitoring

Stations: 4

• Synoptic

Observatory

• Pilot Balloon

Observatory

• Rawinsonde

Observatory

• Agromet

Observatory

Radar Network of BMD

BMD Radar network have good

coverage over Bangladesh and its

surrounding areas.

Radar location

• Khepupara (Doppler)

• Cox’s Bazar (Doppler)

• Dhaka

• Rangpur

• Moulvibazar (Doppler)

VSAT AntennaMoulvibazar

Radar

Rangpur RadarDhaka Radar

Khepupara Radar

Cox’s Bazar Radar

Satellite Receiving

Stations

BMD has the following satellite

receiving ground stations:

• MTSAT

• NOAA

• MICAPS

JICA’s Contribution to BMD

• JICA is helping BMD for the installation and maintenance of its

infrastructure, communication link,

Automatic Weather Station at airport,

Satellite Receiving System ,

On line TV presentation,

National microwave and VSAT link connectivity for radar stations

to get digital radar image

Preparation of composite radar picture at the Storm Warning

Centre

Human capacity building both in meteorology and seismology.

Cloud imageRain cloud

Upper air data

Temp.

RainfallWind

Air pressureetc.

Rainfall

etc.

Computer

Prediction

Ground data

Television. Radio. News paper.

Telephone. Fax. Web page.

Forecasting Technique of BMD

BANGLADESH SPACE RESEARCH AND REMOTE

SENSING ORGANIZATION (SPARRSO)

• Established in 1980

• Acts for peaceful applications of space science, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) in Bangladesh.

• Advises the Government in matters relating to space technology applications and policy.

• Keeps close collaboration with national, regional andinternational organizations, institutions and agencies.

• Disseminates research results, satellite data andinformation to the relevant public, autonomous andprivate agencies for their development and policy makingactivities.

Activities of SPARRSO

• Agricultural research

• Disaster monitoring

• Environment study

• Forestry

• Fisheries

• Water resources

• Oceanography, Coastal environment study etc

Digital Mapping Project in Survey of

Bangladesh - Assisted by JICA

• Preparation of 988 Digital Maps of 1:25000

scale for entire Bangladesh.

• Preparation of 263 Digital Maps of 1:5000

scale for 5 Divisional cities.

• Preparation of ortho photo Map of

Bangladesh.

• Preparation of Elevation data of

Bangladesh.

• Digital Mapping will be completed by 2016.

36

Conclusion

Regional and international

cooperation and coordination

along with structural and

non-structural measures is

essential for mitigation or

reduction of disasters and

hazards of flood