Country Presentation: National Country Presentation: National OverviewOverview

Scott SwisherScott Swisher

The Kingdom of DenmarkThe Kingdom of Denmark

The Kingdom of SwedenThe Kingdom of Sweden

The Kingdom of FinlandThe Kingdom of Finland

Geography / DemographicsGeography / Demographics

DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland

Total AreaTotal Area 43,094 km²43,094 km² 449,964 km²449,964 km² 338,144 km²338,144 km²

% Water% Water 1.6%1.6% 8.67%8.67% 9.4%9.4%

PopulationPopulation 5,432,3355,432,335 9,001,7749,001,774 5,233,4425,233,442

Population Population DensityDensity

125 ppl/km²125 ppl/km² 20 ppl/km²20 ppl/km² 17.1 ppl/km²17.1 ppl/km²

Population Population Growth RateGrowth Rate

0.34%0.34% 0.17%0.17% 0.16%0.16%

DemographicsDemographics

DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinlandNet Migration Net Migration RateRate

2.53/10002.53/1000 1.67/10001.67/1000 0.89/10000.89/1000

Life Life ExpectancyExpectancy

77.62 years77.62 years 80.4 years80.4 years 78.35 years78.35 years

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups Scandinavian, Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, Inuit, Faroese, German, German, Turkish, Turkish, Iranian, Iranian, Somali Somali

Swedes, Swedes, Finnish, Sami, Finnish, Sami, Finns, Finns, Yugoslavs, Yugoslavs, Danes, Danes, Norwegians, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks Greeks, Turks

Finn 93.4%Finn 93.4%

Swede 5.7% Swede 5.7% Russian 0.4% Russian 0.4% Estonian 0.2% Estonian 0.2% Roma 0.2%Roma 0.2%

Sami 0.1% Sami 0.1%

Economic StatisticsEconomic Statistics

DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland

GDP (PPP)GDP (PPP) $174.4 bil.$174.4 bil. $255.4 bil.$255.4 bil. $151.2 bil.$151.2 bil.

GDP/capitaGDP/capita $32,200$32,200 $28,400$28,400 $29,000$29,000

GDP growthGDP growth 2.1%2.1% 3.6%3.6% 3%3%

GDP by GDP by sectorsector

Agri: 2.2%Agri: 2.2%

Ind: 25.5%Ind: 25.5%

Serv: 72.3%Serv: 72.3%

Agri: 2%Agri: 2%

Ind: 29%Ind: 29%

Serv: 69%Serv: 69%

Agri: 3.3%Agri: 3.3%

Ind: 30.2%Ind: 30.2%

Serv: 66.5%Serv: 66.5%

Economic Statistics, Cont.Economic Statistics, Cont.

DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland

Inflation RateInflation Rate 1.4%1.4% 0.7%0.7% 0.7%0.7%

Unemployment Unemployment RateRate

6.2%6.2% 5.6%5.6% 8.9%8.9%

Gov’t RevenueGov’t Revenue $136.1 bil.$136.1 bil. $201.3 bil.$201.3 bil. $96.43 bil.$96.43 bil.

Gov’t Gov’t ExpenditureExpenditure

$133.4 bil.$133.4 bil. $199.6 bil.$199.6 bil. $91.95 bil.$91.95 bil.

Gov’t BalanceGov’t Balance + $2.7 bil.+ $2.7 bil. + $1.7 bil.+ $1.7 bil. + $4.48 bil.+ $4.48 bil.

Economic Statistics Cont. 2Economic Statistics Cont. 2

DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland

Outstanding Outstanding Public DebtPublic Debt

(% of GDP)(% of GDP)

42.5%42.5% 51.6%51.6% 46.8%46.8%

Current Current Account Account BalanceBalance

$6.529 bil.$6.529 bil. $24.08 bil.$24.08 bil. $11.39 bil.$11.39 bil.

Joined EU inJoined EU in 19731973 19951995 19951995

European Monetary UnionEuropean Monetary Union

Denmark – no to EMUDenmark – no to EMU Gov’t has met convergence criteria for 3Gov’t has met convergence criteria for 3rdrd stage. stage. Decision to not use the euro reconfirmed in Sept. Decision to not use the euro reconfirmed in Sept.

2000 referendum.2000 referendum. Danish currency, krone, is pegged to the euro.Danish currency, krone, is pegged to the euro.

Sweden – no to EMUSweden – no to EMU Easily meets convergence criteria for 3Easily meets convergence criteria for 3rdrd stage. stage. Decided not to join eurozone in 1997.Decided not to join eurozone in 1997. In September 2003 a euro referendum failed by In September 2003 a euro referendum failed by

8%.8%.

European Monetary Union Cont.European Monetary Union Cont.

Finland – yes to EMUFinland – yes to EMU One of 11 countries to join eurozone on 1 Jan. One of 11 countries to join eurozone on 1 Jan.

1999.1999. The markka, the national currency, was replaced The markka, the national currency, was replaced

by the euro in early 2002.by the euro in early 2002. Rapidly integrating with the EU and Western Rapidly integrating with the EU and Western

Europe.Europe.

Fiscal Policy : The EU budgetFiscal Policy : The EU budget

Fiscal Policy Cont.Fiscal Policy Cont.

Net Payments to the EU Net Payments to the EU (Contributions – Receipts)(Contributions – Receipts)

Net Payments to the EU by Member States

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Net

Pay

men

ts t

o t

he

EU

Denmark

Finland

Sweden

Million Euro

Common Agricultural Policy / SubsidiesCommon Agricultural Policy / Subsidies

Agricultural InterestsAgricultural Interests

Denmark: Fishing, food Denmark: Fishing, food processing, meat, grain, hides, processing, meat, grain, hides, seeds, net exporter.seeds, net exporter.

Sweden: Grain, sugarbeets, Sweden: Grain, sugarbeets, potatoes, pig production, potatoes, pig production, dairy, especially milk.dairy, especially milk.

Finland: Grain, meat, fishing, Finland: Grain, meat, fishing, dairy products, extensive rural dairy products, extensive rural agriculture.agriculture.

SubsidiesSubsidies

Denmark: Future reductions Denmark: Future reductions in CAP fishing subsidy being in CAP fishing subsidy being planned.planned.

Sweden: Limited growing Sweden: Limited growing ability countered by area aid, ability countered by area aid, livestock premiums, livestock premiums, environmental subsidy.environmental subsidy.

Finland: Harsh conditions, Finland: Harsh conditions, short growing season require short growing season require long-run subsidy.long-run subsidy.

Social PolicySocial Policy

Social WelfareSocial Welfare Denmark: Extensive welfare Denmark: Extensive welfare

safety net including national safety net including national pension, large public sector, pension, large public sector, unemployment benefits unemployment benefits through trade unions.through trade unions.

Sweden: Archetypical welfare Sweden: Archetypical welfare state with extensive child-care state with extensive child-care and social welfare systems, and social welfare systems, union unemployment benefits.union unemployment benefits.

Finland: Child day care, Finland: Child day care, smaller national pension, smaller national pension, smaller health care benefit.smaller health care benefit.

ImmigrationImmigration Denmark: Increasing Denmark: Increasing

immigration induces anti-immigration induces anti-immigration legislation from immigration legislation from conservative elements.conservative elements.

Sweden: Large immigrant Sweden: Large immigrant population from Finland, population from Finland, Serbia, Bosnia, allow Serbia, Bosnia, allow relatively free immigration relatively free immigration flows.flows.

Finland: Limited immigration Finland: Limited immigration flows gradually increasing, flows gradually increasing, almost all native population.almost all native population.

External RelationsExternal Relations

DenmarkDenmark Exports: $66.2 bil., Imports: $56.4 bil., trading partners: Exports: $66.2 bil., Imports: $56.4 bil., trading partners:

Germany (21%), Sweden (13%), UK (8%).Germany (21%), Sweden (13%), UK (8%). Supporter of US, sometimes reluctant supporter of EU.Supporter of US, sometimes reluctant supporter of EU.

SwedenSweden Exports: $102.8 bil., Imports: $83.27 bil., major trading partners: Exports: $102.8 bil., Imports: $83.27 bil., major trading partners:

US, EU, Norway, and the UK.US, EU, Norway, and the UK. Heavy participation in UN and NATO peacekeeping efforts.Heavy participation in UN and NATO peacekeeping efforts.

FinlandFinland Exports: $57.7 bil., sold to EU (53%), US (8%), Russia (8%).Exports: $57.7 bil., sold to EU (53%), US (8%), Russia (8%). Imports: $45.6 bil., from EU (55%), Russia (11.9%), US (5%).Imports: $45.6 bil., from EU (55%), Russia (11.9%), US (5%). Political ties to Russia, Sweden, and Norway.Political ties to Russia, Sweden, and Norway.