Country Presentation Cambodia - UN ESCAP · COUNTRY PRESENTATION - CAMBODIA - By KONG Sophal,...
Transcript of Country Presentation Cambodia - UN ESCAP · COUNTRY PRESENTATION - CAMBODIA - By KONG Sophal,...
COUNTRYPRESENTATION
- CAMBODIA -By KONG Sophal,
Deputy Director General of Land TransportMinistry of Public Works and Transport
Workshop on Strengthening Transport Connectivity among CLMVT Countries
09-10 October 2018, Yangon, MYANMAR
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CONTENTS
Country IntroductionPart A. Overview and progress of Transport
Infrastructure Development
Part B. Implementation of Cross Border Transport Agreements
Country Introduction
Capital Phnom PenhArea 181,035 Km2
Population 15.58 millions, as of 2015
Annual Population
Growth
1.54 % (2010-2012)
Urban Population
20 %
GDP Growth 7.2 % GDP per capita US$ 1,384.4 (2017, WB)
Currency Riel (1USD=4000Riels)Length of Asian Highway Route
1,641.80 km
Number of Major Vehicle
4.50 million vehicles (2018) about 85% are motorcycles
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Part A.Overview of Transport Infrastructure Development
A1- Road NetworkA2- Economic CorridorsA3- Urban TransportA4- Railway NetworkA5- International PortsA6- International Airports
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Road ClassLength Paved Surface
Concrete / AC / DBST
(Km) (%)1 Digit National Roads, 9 lines 2,254 100%2 Digits National Roads, 66 lines 5,007 63.50%3 & 4 Digits Provincial Roads, 528 lines 9,031 22.55%
TOTAL 16,292 62.00%
A1. Road Network
A1.1 Current Road Statistics andits Pavement Condition under MPWT:
Excludes Rural Roads approx. 50,000 Km underMinistry of Rural Development
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A1. Road Network (Cont.)
Oddar Meanchey
Banteay Meanchey
Siem Reap
Battambang
Pailin Pursat
Preah Vihear
Kampong Thom
Stung Treng
KratieMondul Kiri
Ratanak Kiri
Kampong Cham
Prey Veng
Svay RiengTakeo
Kandal
Phnom PenhKampong Speu
Koh Kong
Kampot
Kep
Sihanoukville
Kampong Chhnang
A1.2 Road Network Map / Clarifications
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Three As
ian AH
W line
s crossing
Cam
bodia
A1.3 ASIAN Highways
573km
308km
762.80km
A1. Road Network (Cont.)
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Road No. Itinerary Total length (km)
AH1 Poipet (Cambodia-Thai Border) - Serei Saophoan -Phnom Penh - Baveth (Cambodia-Vietnam Border)Current Condition:
- All paved with AC / DBST, Number of Lanes: 2/4- One bridge at Neak Loeung was constructed under Japan Grant Aid- Under upgrading to 4 lanes starting from RN 5- Plan Expressway (Phnom Penh-Bavet, under Jica’s F/S)
573.00
AH11 Sihanoukville - Phnom Penh - Kampong Cham - Stung Treng - Tropeang Kreal (Cambodia - Laos Border)Current Condition:
- All paved with AC / DBST, Number of Lanes: 2- Upgraded to 4 lanes from Phnom Penh to Skun (75km completed)- Plan Expressway (Sihanoukville-Phnom Penh, under China’s)
762.80
AH123 Cham Yeam (Cambodia-Thai Border) – Koh Kong – SreAmbel – Kampot – Lork Prek Chak (Cambodia-VietnamBorder) Current Condition:
- Number of Lanes: 2 lanes, DBST
306.00
TOTAL LENGTH OF ASEAN HIGHWAY IN CAMBODIA (Km) 1,641.80
Status of ASIAN Highways
A1. Road Network (Cont.)
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A1.4 Design and Build City Ring Roads:
• To divert heavy traffic from the city center
• To promote logistics facilities outside the center
• Ring Road 1 completed• Ring Road 2 under construction• Ring Road 3 will start this year
A1.5 Construction of Ring Road at major Provincial towns and populated areas:• To divert heavy traffic from
the city center
A1. Road Network (Cont.)
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E7
LEGEND
Expressway Planned Short‐TermExpressway Planned Medium‐TermExpressway Planned Long‐TermExpecting Route of Expressway
E99
E1 Completed F/S by JICA – operation ?E4 Ground Breaking this year (BOT)- operation 2025
A1.6 Expressway Development Plan
A1. Road Network (Cont.)
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Central CorridorAH11
Southern Corridor
Southern Sub-Corridor
HCMC
BKK
Phnom Penh
A2. GMS Economic Corridors
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A3. Urban Transport Improvement
A3.1 Introduce other modes of Public Transport(Short term, medium term and Long term plan).
A3.2 Construction more City Ring RoadsA3.3 Introduce ONE-WAY SystemA3.4 Integrated Traffic Signal System
(ITS, Control Center)
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A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)
A3.5 Improve on-Street Parking Measures in the City Center
On main Roads
On Local Roads
A3.6 Decentralization by developing suburban areas surrounding the city center with proper means of accessibility to the Center
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A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)
A3.7 Construction of flyovers at the most congested areas
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to Airport Train:A3.9 City center to Airport Train:• Start operation in June this year• Airport check-in at the train station• Three new rolling stocks will be
arriving soon
A3.10 Taxi Boats alongTunle Sab River:
• Start operation this year• 5 stations in operation, approx.
20km• Plan more 11 stations
A3.8 City Bus RoutesIn Phnom Penh City:
• 9 lines under operation (215 bus)• 5 lines under planning• Free for students, factories’
workers, elder people
A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)
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A3.11 Promote Ride Sharing mode:
• Ride sharing operators can register under MPWT
• Grab, PassApp and other local application become popular in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap city
A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)
A3.12: Study for Public Transport Network and a first Priority Line in the Phnom Penh (by French):• Tramways and BRT were
recommended
The priority tramway line 10km along Pr. Monivong Blvd.
Estimated investment costs: 240‐280 mil‐USD
Pending…
A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)
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Automated A3.13 The Study for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) in the Phnom Penh by Jica:• Ongoing
Four lines in Master Plan
Line #3 was selected as a priority
A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)
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A4. Railways Network
A4.1 Current Railway Network
LEGEND
SOUTHERN LINENORTHER LINEMISSING LINK
STATION
KAMPOTSIHANOUKVILLE
PURSAT
PHNOM PENH
LAOS
THAILAND
TAKEO
POIPETSISOPHON
BATTAMBANG
Northern LineFirst line connectionPhnom Penh - Battam Bang to Poipet, distance 386Km.Constructed in 1929Restart operation from June this year..Already connected with Thai Railway at Poi Pet.
Southern LineSecond line connectionPhnom Penh – International Sea Port, distance 264Km.Constructed in 1960Already renovated and now under Operation both Cargo and Passengers
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A4. Railways Network (cont.)
A4.2 Railway Master Plan
(Source: KOICA, Cambodia railway master plan, 2013)
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Crossing:Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and China.
In Cambodia now remains one missing links:Phnom Penh – Snuol(255 km),
A4.3 Singapore Kunming Rail Link Projects (SKRL)
A4. Railways Network (cont.)
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A5. Cambodian Ports
Cambodia has two major ports
SihanoukvilleAutonomous Port(Deep sea port)
Phnom Penh Autonomous Port (River Port)
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A6. International Airports
There are three International Airport in Cambodia
Phnom Penh International Airport
Siem Reap International Airport
Sihanouk Ville International Airport
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Part B.Transport Facilitation Agreements
B1- Bilateral AgreementsB2- GMSB3- ASEAN
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Cambodia - Vietnam‐ MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights
signed in 1998,‐ Now each country can issue total
number of quota up to 500 for bothBuses and Trucks, using 7 border gates
‐ Both sides may consider to increase 100 quota per year.
B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights
Challenges:‐ Cambodian operators cannot open branch office in Vietnam =>
No rights to get other local services such as buying insurances, contracting with other local operators etc…
‐ Restriction of using different border gates for entry/exit‐ Different Technical Standards of Vehicles, dimensions, weight
limits, CAM trucks often got retained and penalty,‐ Transit fee by provincial authorities
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Cambodia – LAO PDR‐ MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights signed in 1999,‐ Each country can issue total number of quota up to 40 for
both Buses and Trucks, crossing only at Tropeang Kriel‐NorngNok Khien border gate.
B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con’t…)
Challenges:‐ Traffic demand is not high
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Cambodia – Thailand‐ MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights March 2008, ‐ Each country can issue total number of quota up to 40 for
Non‐schedule Passenger Transportation and Cargo Transportation at Poipet‐Aranyaprathet border check points and designated routes as specified in Protocol 1 of GMS CBTA,It’s considered as the Initial Implementation of CBTA (IICBTA)Not Bilateral Agreement.
‐ However, the implementation of this MOU has begun only from June 2012.
‐ On 16 December 2016 in Chiang Mai, the two parties signed the Addendum Two to the MOU to increase the number of quota from 40 to 150.
‐ As of today only 50 mini buses from Cambodia are registered.
B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con’t…)
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Challenges:‐ Because this is IICBTA => the Routes and Entry/Exit Points are
designated as agreed in Protocol 1 of CBTA, No ways to open more routes nor more border check points,
‐ Unbalance flow of goods, more import less export (5/1)‐ Conditions of transport in Thailand are not favorable for
Cambodian operators such as, Limits the maximum length of Semi‐trailers is only 13.60m Not allow goods in transit in Thailand Not allow unladen (empty) trucks enter Thailand For Schedule Bus operation needs separate agreement with
The Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand
B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con’t…)
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The Agreement between and among Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam on the Facilitation of Cross‐Border Transport of Goods and People, originally signed in Vientiane on 26 November 1999, amended in Yangon 2001, acceded to by Cambodia in 2001, China in 2002, and Myanmar in 2003, and amended in Phnom Penh on 30 April 2004, hereinafter referred to as “GMS –CBTA.Full members are:1. China 4. Myanmar2. Cambodia 5. Thailand3. Lao PDR 6. Vietnam
B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA)
Overview of CBTA
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The GMS‐CBTA includes44 Articles, 17 Annexes and 3 Protocols.
Overview of CBTA…
B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA)… Con’t
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The objectives: Facilitation of border crossing formalities (single
window and single stop inspection, coordinating of hours of operation; and exchange of advance information and clearance)
Facilitate cross‐border movement of people (multi‐entry visa, recognition of driver license)
Facilitate cross‐border movement of goods Exchange of traffic rights (500 vehicle quotas for each
contracting party) Requirements for admittance of road vehicles Setting up Institutional Arrangements/ NTFC, NTTCC
B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA)… Con’t
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Current statusof CBTA
• CBTA just enteredinto force in 2015after the last member,(Myanmar) ratified all Annexes and Protocols.
• However, some parts of the CBTA are out‐dated and need to be revised
• The GMS Transport Ministers, as members of the ‘Joint Committee’, agreed in 2016 to launch the‘Early Harvest’ implementation of the CBTA in 2017, and to complete the CBTA revision process by 2019
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Current status of CBTA… Cont’
What is the CBTA ‘Early Harvest’ ?• The ‘Early Harvest’ is based on MOU signed by the 6 GMS
countries in 2017 (Lao PDR and Vietnam haven’t signed yet)• The MOU allows each GMS country to issue up to 500 GMS
Road Transport Permits and Temporary Admission Documents (TADs) for goods and passenger vehicles
• Vehicles can travel on any of the routes and across any of the border crossings points as listed in CBTA Protocol 1
• Vehicles must carry with them the original Permit and TAD (like Vehicle passport) issued by the competent authorities in their Home country and can remain in any other participating GMS country for up to 30 days on each journey
• There is no limit to the number of cross‐border journeys allowed. Cabotage is not allowed.
• Permitted vehicles can cross borders, without paying taxes and duties and without the need for a Customs bond or guarantee, However the goods carried must follow Customs Procedures.
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Next Step for CBTA
What happens next ?• The CBTA ‘Early Harvest’ was expected to operate in 2017 as
soon as Lao PDR and Vietnam sign the MOU, but shifted to 1stAugust 2018
• Technical WG will discuss for updating the current CBTA to CBTA‐02, especially amend Protocol 1 in order to add more corridors and Entry/Exit points.
For Cambodia, we are almost ready, all cross border operators are informed, but they do not expect benefits!!!
35Sample of TAD
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Challenges in CBTA Implementation
• Cambodia may not have enough transport operators /trucks/buses, due to the rapid increases of quotas.
• Shortage of qualified Bus/Truck Drivers.• Current GMS Transport corridors in Cambodia are narrow,
mostly 2 lanes, and may be difficult to accommodate many vehicles from all contracting parties
• More road accidents,• More road damage,• No mutual agreement on Technical Standards of Vehicles…
Example:Max. length of Single Articulated truck (Semitrailer):Cambodia 16.00m (Trailer 18.00m)China 18.10m (Trailer 22.00m)Laos PDR 16.00m (Trailer 19.00m)Vietnam up to 20.00mThailand 13.60m?
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Challenges in CBTA Implementation (Con’t…)
• Very limited corridors for Cambodia
Latest GMS Corridor Map for CBTA Early Harvest
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B.3 ASEAN Transport Facilitation Agreements
To facilitate the seamless movement of goods in the region, ASEAN has concluded the 3 transport facilitation agreements as follows:• ASEAN Framework Agreement on the Facilitation of Goods
in Transit (AFAFGIT), signed in September 1999…Under preparation for Pilot implementation by 3 countries, Malaysia‐Singapore‐Thailand and being rolling out to CLMV this year.
• ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport (AFAMT)… signed in November 2005… Not implemented yet
• ASEAN Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Inter‐State Transport (AFAFIST), signed in December 2009… Not implemented yet
• A new Agreement for Facilitation of Cross Border Transport of Passengers by Road Vehicles (CBTP) was signed in Oct/17 in Singapore during the 23rd ATM Meeting
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What UNESCAP can help CLMV-T
countries to further promote the
Transport Facilitation in the
Sub-region?
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Thank youfor your attention