COUNTING CALORIES

Joe Cornelius, Ph.D.Program Director

Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

BUILDING THE INTERNET OF ENERGY-SMART FOOD

2017 ARPA-E Energy Innovation SummitFebruary 28, 2017

12:1Canning, Patrick, et al. "The Role of Fossil Fuels in the US Food System and the American Diet." (2017).

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2016. Energy Intakes: Percentages of Energy from Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat, and Alcohol, by Gender and Age, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2014.

For every 12 calories we put into the food system, we only deliver 1 calorie for human nutrition

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InputPrimaryEnergy

OutputFood

Energy

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On average, you consume ~800,000 kcal per year

As result you use:~ 9.5 million kcal primary energy~ 130,000 gallons of fresh water

And generate:~ 3 metric tons CO2eq emissions

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2016. Energy Intakes: Percentages of Energy from Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat, and Alcohol, by Gender and Age, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2014.

Canning, Patrick, et al. "The Role of Fossil Fuels in the US Food System and the American Diet." (2017).Maupin, Molly A., et al. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010. No. 1405. US Geological Survey, 2014.

Weber, Christopher L., and H. Scott Matthews. "Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States." (2008): 3508-3513.

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Feeding the U.S. population comes at a high price…

1 billionmetric tons CO2eq

43 trillion gallons of water

3 quadrillionkcal of energy

*

Annual cost of feeding the United States

12% of U.S. Total

15% of U.S. Total

80% of U.S. Total

Canning, Patrick, et al. "The Role of Fossil Fuels in the US Food System and the American Diet." (2017).Maupin, Molly A., et al. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010. No. 1405. US Geological Survey, 2014.

Schaible, Glenn, and Marcel Aillery. "Water conservation in irrigated agriculture: Trends and challenges in the face of emerging demands." (2012).Weber, Christopher L., and H. Scott Matthews. "Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States." (2008): 3508-3513

EPA, February. “Draft Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015." Environmental Protection Agency (2017): 1-28.

40% of the food we produce is wasted each year

Buzby, Jean C., Hodan Farah-Wells, and Jeffrey Hyman. "The estimated amount, value, and calories of postharvest food losses at the retail and consumer levels in the United States." (2014).Gustavsson, Jenny, et al. "Global food losses and food waste." Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rom (2011).

Canning, Patrick, et al. "The Role of Fossil Fuels in the US Food System and the American Diet." (2017).Maupin, Molly A., et al. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010. No. 1405. US Geological Survey, 2014.

Weber, Christopher L., and H. Scott Matthews. "Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States." (2008): 3508-3513

1.2 Quadrillion kcal

6 Trillion Gallons

400 MMT CO2eq

Annual Food Waste Footprint

29%

7%

11%17%

36%

Annual Food Loss And Waste

ConsumerProducer

Processing Shipping

Retail

Food Waste>130 B lbs.

Where does all this energy go?

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Diner

Produce12%

Process18%

Transport7%Package

6%

Retail8%

ConsumerNutrition

Energy Used in the U.S. Food Supply Chain(Quadrillion kcal)

FoodService

14%

Home Prep29%

Shopping Trips5%

8% ofInputs

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2016. Energy Intakes: Percentages of Energy from Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat, and Alcohol, by Gender and Age, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2014.

Canning, Patrick, et al. "The Role of Fossil Fuels in the US Food System and the American Diet." (2017).

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Demands on global food systems are growing…

FARMERS WILL NEED TO PRODUCEMORE FOOD IN THE NEXT 50 YEARS

THAN WAS PRODUCED IN THE PREVIOUS 10,000

COMBINEDSource: “Working to Maximize Yields.” Improving Agriculture. Monsanto.

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The Food Supply Chain …

Ag Chemicals Producer

Crop Seed Germplasm

Genetic Trait Developers

FertilizerProducer

Ag Inputs Distributor

Farm Information Management

Financial Service Management

Farm Operations Consultant

Feed Supplement Supplier

Animal Feed Nutritionist

Feed Manufacture

Animal Genetics Provider

Farm EquipmentManufacturer

Veterinary &Animal Health

Energy, Feed, Fiber and Industrial Use

Grain Handler

ProducePackager

Meat, Milk, EggBroker

ProduceProcessor

Meat, Milk, EggProcessor

Commodity Export

Grain Processor

We Need to Re-Connect… Farm to Fork!

Food – Beverage Manufacturer

Food Retailer

Package Food Export

LandfillApplied Food Technology

Food Ingredient Supplier

Applied Nutrition Knowledge

Food Service

Recycle

Repurpose

USDA - FDAFood Safety

Companion Animal Food

is Massive and Complex

• Plant-level nutrient monitoring• Drop-specific crop irrigation• Genetic x Environment cultivars• Spatial-Temporal crop sensing• Optimize harvest delivery• Monitor composition quality• Storage and transportation• Identity preservation farm to fork

• Enhanced delivery networks• Distributed inventory tracking• Improved product fulfilment• Real-time demand pricing

• Food quality safety sensors• Real-time food nutrition data• Sustainability metrics (E, GHG, H2O)• Product provenance (transparency)

• Improved preservation• Connecting alternative outlets• Detect food waste bottlenecks

Resource Optimization

FOOD BANK

Donation Networks

Product Quality & IdentityBrand Integrity

Real-Time Market Demand

Just-in-Time Delivery

Dynamic Pricing

Imagine: An Integrated Energy-Smart Food Network

Energy-Smart Food Dashboard

Product Personalization

Smart Labels

IntelligentPackaging

Reliable Supply & ForecastPrecision Farming

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Counting Calories… Farm to Fork!

ARPA-E: Reimagining an Energy-Smart Food Network

To Develop and Integrate New Technologies

Key Areas of Opportunity

ModelsAnalytics &

Machine Learning

MaterialsPreservation & Conservation

MachinesSensors &Robotics

X X

M3M x M x M =

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WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF ENERGY-SMART FOOD

TELL US YOUR IDEAS! JOE.CORNELIUS@HQ.DOE.GOV

http://tenniemccarty.com/2013/02/grocery-shopping-101-healthy-eating-habits-start-at-the-store/