Countermeasures forImpaired Driving

OffendersMay 2010

Countermeasures forImpaired Driving

OffendersMay 2010

Heidi L. ColemanChief, Impaired Driving Division

NHTSA

Heidi L. ColemanChief, Impaired Driving Division

NHTSA

TopicsTopicsTopicsTopics

• National Fatality Trends

• Problem ID – impaired driving fatalities

• Various “Categories” of Impaired Driving Offenders

• NHTSA Strategy and Countermeasures

Overview – Fatalities and Fatality Rates Prior Periods of Significant Declines

Overview – Fatalities and Fatality Rates Prior Periods of Significant Declines

*Projected Fatalities and Fatality Rate

15th Consecutive Quarter of Declines 15th Consecutive Quarter of Declines

Alcohol Impaired Driving Fatalities and Alcohol Impaired Driving Fatalities and Rates, 1982-2008Rates, 1982-2008

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Change from 2007 to Change from 2007 to 20082008

Change from 2007 to Change from 2007 to 20082008

2008 Annual Assessment

YearChange

% Change2007 2008

Total 41,259 37,261 -3,998 -9.7%In alcohol-impaired driving crashes

13,041 11,773 -1,268 -9.7%

% of Total 31.6% 31.6%Rate (per 100M VMT)

0.43 0.40

Source: FARS

Our “Target Audience”Our “Target Audience”Our “Target Audience”Our “Target Audience”

• “Potential” Offenders•Not yet caught or convicted

• “First” Offenders•First time caught or convicted

• “Highest Risk” Offenders•Repeat and High BAC Offenders

Distribution of Blood AlcoholDistribution of Blood Alcohol Concentration Values Among Drivers Concentration Values Among Drivers and Motorcycle Riders with Positive BAC Values, 2008and Motorcycle Riders with Positive BAC Values, 2008

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

8000

0.05 0.

1

0.15 0.

2

0.25 0.

3

0.35 0.

4

.45+

BAC (g/dL)

Driv

ers/

Mot

orcy

cle

Ride

rs

illegal Per se Level - BAC = .08 g/dL

84% AR fatalities

Highest BAC ≥ .08

High BAC = ≥.15 g/dL

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior Convictionsby Prior Convictions

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior Convictionsby Prior Convictions

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers, By Prior DWI Convictions in 2008*

Prior Offense Type Number Percent

Alcohol-Impaired 10,946 100%

2+ Previous DWI 128 1.2%

1 Previous DWI 720 6.6%

0 Previous DWI 9,636 88%

Unknown 462 4.2%

*FARS records Prior convictions within last 3 years from the date of the crashSource: FARS 2008 Annual Report File [ARF]

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior Convictions and Suspensions*by Prior Convictions and Suspensions*

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior Convictions and Suspensions*by Prior Convictions and Suspensions*

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers, By Prior DWI Convictions and Suspensions in 2008*

Prior Offense Type Number Percent

Alcohol-Impaired 10,946 100%

2+ Previous DWI 128 1.2%

1 Previous DWI 720 6.6%

0 Previous DWI and 1+ Prior Suspension

1,903 17%

0 Previous DWI and No Prior Suspension

7,733 71%

Unknown 462 4.2%

*FARS records Prior convictions and suspensions within last 3 years from the date of the crashSource: FARS 2008 Annual Report File [ARF]

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior DWI / Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior DWI / Suspensions*Suspensions*

Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior DWI / Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior DWI / Suspensions*Suspensions*

*Within Last 3 Years from Crash

Strategic Approach Strategic Approach by “Target Audience”by “Target Audience”Strategic Approach Strategic Approach

by “Target Audience”by “Target Audience”

•“Potential” Offenders • Prevention

•“First” Offenders • Deterrence

•“Highest Risk” Offenders (Repeat and High BAC Offenders)

• Supervision and Treatment (as appropriate)

Prevention forPrevention for““Potential” OffendersPotential” Offenders

Prevention forPrevention for““Potential” OffendersPotential” Offenders

• High Visibility Enforcement• Create perception of risk• Crackdowns and Sustained Enforcement• Frequency, Intensity, Visibility, Timing, Location• Paid and earned media

• Screening and Brief Intervention• Motivation at Teachable Moment• Medical Community – trauma centers, Emergency Departments• Colleges • Workplace

Deterrence for Deterrence for ““First” OffendersFirst” OffendersDeterrence for Deterrence for

““First” OffendersFirst” Offenders

• Criminal Justice System• Training and Education for CJS Professionals• Appropriate Sanctions

• Ignition Interlocks• Mandatory Law for All Offenders in 13 States• Increase use• Improve implementation

• Risk Assessment• Under Development by APPA

Supervision (and Treatment)Supervision (and Treatment)For “Highest Risk” OffendersFor “Highest Risk” OffendersSupervision (and Treatment)Supervision (and Treatment)For “Highest Risk” OffendersFor “Highest Risk” Offenders

• DWI Courts• 526 DWI Courts • More than 2600 drug courts• Healthy People 2020

• Other Close Supervision Practices

• APPA Supervision Guidelines• Intensive Supervision Report•Various Models

• 24/7• Westchester• Staggered Sentencing

Statewide Impaired Statewide Impaired Driving ProgramDriving Program

Statewide Impaired Statewide Impaired Driving ProgramDriving Program

• Assessments and SMRs• Assessments – expert panel• Special Management Reviews - based on performance

•Leadership Model• Assessment• Strategic Plan• Leadership Team

Drug Impaired DrivingDrug Impaired Driving• National Roadside Survey• 2010 National Drug Control Strategy – Drugged Driving

• Drug Per Se Drug Laws• Data on Drugged Driving• Educating Communities and Professionals• Training to Law Enforcement• Standard Screening Methodologies for Drug Testing Labs

Thank you.Thank you.

Questions?Questions?

Heidi L. Coleman

Chief, Impaired Driving Division

202-366-2568

heidi.coleman@dot.gov