COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. Liquids, substances and food: water, juice, beer, soda, rice, cheese,...

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COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Transcript of COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. Liquids, substances and food: water, juice, beer, soda, rice, cheese,...

Page 1: COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. Liquids, substances and food: water, juice, beer, soda, rice, cheese, chicken Others: Money, time.

COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE

NOUNS

Page 2: COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. Liquids, substances and food: water, juice, beer, soda, rice, cheese, chicken Others: Money, time.
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Liquids, substances and food: water, juice, beer, soda, rice, cheese, chicken

Others: Money, time

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THERE IS - THERE ARE

*QUANTIFIERS

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Affirmative

    Negativ

eInterrog

ative

There is

There are

There isn't

There aren't

Is there...?

Are there...?

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THERE IS – THERE ARE QUANTIFIERS

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A / AN

A y an se utilizan para señalar una cosa sin especificar cuál, ambos significan un y una indistintamente, y se emplean con nombres contables en singular. A se pone cuando la palabra siguiente empieza por consonante; an, por vocal.

A cat (Un gato) An ocean (Un océano) An orange (Una naranja)

Obsérvense los siguientes ejemplos:

An hour (Una hora --> Nótese que la h es muda, por lo que hour empieza por un sonido vocálico.)

A hot dog (Un perrito caliente --> La h se pronuncia aquí.)

A university student (Un estudiante universitario --> La u de "university" no tiene un sonido vocálico, sino que más bien, consonántico. Equivaldría a decir yu en castellano.)

An unusual situation (Una situación poco corriente o inusual -->La u es una vocal aquí.)

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THE

The equivales a las cuatro formas del artículo determinado en español: el, la, los, las.

The indica que algo único o conocido por el hablante y/o el oyente, que normalmente ha sido nombrado con anterioridad.

I live in a house. The house has got seven rooms.

NO SE UTILIZA the en estos casos:1. Con nombres en sentido general: Elephants live in the jungle.

2. Con las estaciones del año: Summer is hot in Spain.

3. Con las comidas y las horas: I have dinner at seven o’clock.

4. Con los nombres propios: Anne is my best friend.

5. Con nombres seguidos de libros: Open your books on page 5.

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SOME

Se utiliza con nombres contables en plural:

I've borrowed some books from the library.

Se utiliza también con sustantivos incontables:

There is some milk in the fridge.

Se utiliza en preguntas cuando esperamos una respuesta positiva.

Por ejemplo, cuando se ofrece comida o bebida:

Would you like some ice-cream? Yes, please!

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ANY

Se utiliza en oraciones negativas e interrogativas tanto con sustantivos contables como incontables:

There aren't any glasses here.

Are there any glasses here?

There isn't any water on the table.

Is there any water on the table?

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MANY

Expresa la idea de gran cantidad (mucho). Es utilizado sobretodo en frases negativas e interrogativas con el nombre contable en plural. Se puede usar "many" en frases afirmativas, aunque no es muy común. Normalmente, usamos otros cuantificadores como "a lot."

(-) There aren’t many tourists. (No hay muchos turistas.)

(?) Are there many cats? (¿Hay muchos gatos?)

(+) We have many friends. (Tenemos muchos amigos.)

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MUCH

Como "many", expresa la idea de gran cantidad (mucho) y es utilizado sobretodo en frases negativas e interrogativas. La diferencia a "many" es que usamos "much" sólo con nombres incontables en singular. Se puede usar "much" en frases afirmativas, aunque sería más formal y no es tan común.

(-) There isn’t much time. (No hay mucho tiempo.)

(?) Is there much water? (¿Hay mucha agua?)

(+) We have much to do! (¡Tenemos mucho para hacer!)

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A LOT OF

Expresa idea de gran cantidad (mucho). Se puede usar con nombres o sustantivos contables e incontables. A diferencia de "many" y "much", no lo usamos normalmente en frases interrogativas.

Nombre contable: He has a lot of books. (Tiene muchos libros.)

Nombre contable: He haven’t got a lot of books. (No tiene muchos libros.)

Nombre incontable: I have lots of money. (Tengo mucho dinero.)

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HOW MANY…? / HOW MUCH…?

Se utilizan para preguntar cantidades, ambas expresiones significan:

¿Cuántos/as…?” / “¿Cuánto…?

Utilizaremos how many en oraciones interrogativas con nombres contables:

How many chairs are there in the classroom? There are twenty chairs.

Utilizaremos how much en oraciones interrogativas con nombres incontables:

How much money is there? There is 20 euros.

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