LIBYA

MADE BY :-DEEPSHIKHA GUPTA

The history of Libya its rich mix of ethnic groups added to the indigenousBerbertribes. Berbers have been present throughout the entire history of the country. For most of its history, Libya has been subjected to varying degrees of foreign control, from Europe, Asia, and Africa. The modern history of independent Libya began in

1951.

The name of Libya was changed several times duringGaddafi's tenure as the leader. At first, the name wastheLibyan Arab Republic. In 1977, the name waschanged toSocialist People's Libyan ArabJamahiriya.Jamahiriyaa term coined byGaddafi,translated as "state of the masses".

PoliticalHISTORY

TheKingdom of Libya originally called theUnitedKingdom of Libya, came into existence uponindependence on 24 December 1951 and lasted untilad'étatbyGaddafi on 1 September 1969 overthrewKingof Libyaestablished theArab Republic.

Libya declared its independence as a constitutional and hereditary monarchy under King Idris I.It was the first country to achieve autonomy through the United Nations (UN) and one of the first former European possessions in Africa to gain independence. At the time of independence Libya, a former Italian possession, was under UN trusteeship.

1903–1970

Took office

29 March 1951

Left office

19 Feb 1954First PM

NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

EGYPT

TUNISIA

ALGERIA

SUDAN

LIBYA

CHADNIGER

16th century - Libya becomes part

of the Ottoman Empire, which joins

the three provinces of Tripolitania,

Cyrenaica and Fezzan into one

regency in Tripoli

The Gaddafi era

King Idris deposed in military coup led by Col Muammar

Gaddafi, who pursues a pan-Arab agenda by attempting

to form mergers with several Arab countries, and

introduces state socialism by nationalising most

economic activity, including the oil industry.

Confrontation with the US(1981)- US shoots down two Libyan aircraft which

challenged its warplanes over the Gulf of Sirte,

claimed by Libya as its territorial water.

Lockerbie sentence2001 31 January- Special Scottish court in the

Netherlands finds one of the two Libyans

accused of the Lockerbie bombing,

Abdelbaset Ali Mohamed al-Megrahi, guilty

and sentences him to life imprisonment.

Megrahi's co-accused, Al-Amin Khalifa

Fahimah, is found not guilty and freed.

Libya stretches along the northeast coast of Africa

between Tunisia and Algeria on the west and Egypt

on the east; to the south are the Sudan, Chad, and

Niger. It is one-sixth larger than Alaska. Much of the

country lies within the Sahara. Along the

Mediterranean coast and farther inland is arable

plateau land.

Geography

Petroleum and other liquidsAccording to the Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ), Libya had proved crude oil reserves of 48 billion barrels as of the end of

2014—the largest endowment in Africa, accounting for 38% for the continent’s total, and the ninth-largest amount

globally (Figure 2).4 Libya has six large sedimentary basins—Sirte, Murzuk, Ghadames, Cyrenaica, Kufra, and the

offshore—that the government believes have substantial undiscovered potential. About 80% of Libya’s recoverable

reserves are located in the Sirte basin, which also accounts for most of the country’s oil production capacity.5 Most of

Libya remains unexplored, and ongoing civil unrest has prevented a large-scale exploration program.

Libya is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries, the holder of Africa’s largest proved crude oil reserves, and the fifth-largest holder of Africa’s proved natural gas reserves

Facts Libya provides all its citizens with free education.

Alcohol consumption is prohibited by law in Libya.

Libyan citizens are given loans at a zero percent

interest rate.

There are no beggars on Libyan streets and until

recent bombings, there were no homeless either.

The government provides free houses or

apartments to all newly-married couples.

The government controls all courts in the country

and there is no concept of a free public trial here.

Almost one third of the Libyan population does not

have access to any safe drinking water.

Capital Tripoli

Government Type

operates under a transitional government

Currency LYD

Population 6,002,347

Total Area 679,358 Square Miles

1,759,540 Square Kilometers

Location Northern Africa, bordering the

Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt,

Tunisia, and Algeria

Language Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely

understood in the major cities

4.Sabratha, Zawiya District

5. Cyrene, Libya

The Jamhahiriya Museum

is Libya’s national

exhibition hall. Its 47

galleries are home to

numerous curios of Libya’s

verifiable past

incorporating those from

the Roman and Greektime of the nation’s history

6.Tripoli

7.Jamahiriya Museum

2.Assaraya al-Hamra 3.Benghazi, Cyrenaica

1. Dirj

The town of Dirj in Libya is

a place for traditional

Libyan culture. This little

town reflects traditional

Libyan culture way more

accurately than many other

old towns in Libya

Benghazi is Libya’s second

largest city. In past times,

Benghazi used to be the

capital of Libya along with

Tripoli; this has brought about

real head-ways in the

progress of the city.

This palace is otherwise called

the Red Castle. It has a wide

yard where different wellsprings

and statues starting from the

Ottoman period. The royal

residence reflects the nation’s

rich verifiable past as indicated

in their design style of

structures

The city of Tripoli is the biggest city of

Libya, it is also the country’s capital.

The city is located in the north

western region of Libya on the edge

of the great Libyan Desert. The city is

a hub of trading and manufacturing

activities of the country and is Libya’s

main seaport.

The old port of Sabratha was

set up by the Phoenicians in

500 BC. Rome took control in

the second and third centuries

AD and revamped the site.

Today, what is left of it is a 3-

storey theatre from the late

third century and a few

sanctuaries committed to Isis,

Liber Pater, and Serapis

Cyrene is the most seasoned and

most paramount of all Greek urban

communities in Libya. Libya’s

traditional name, Cyrenaica, was

determined from it. Cyrene turned

into a Greek settlement in 630 BC

yet inevitably turned into a Roman

city in 96 BC

Leptis Magna was the

biggest city of old Rome in

Libya. Magna was

established in tenth

century BC by Phoenicians

and later turned into a

Punic city. By 23 BC, it fit

in with a Roman region in

Africa

8.Leptis Magna

ExternalExports $52.02 billion (2012 est.), $38.45 billion (2013 est.)

Export goods crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas,

chemicals

Main export partners Italy 17.7%

France 13.1%

Germany 11.9%

Netherlands 8.5%

Switzerland 6.1%

Spain 6%

Greece 4.8%

Austria 4.3% (2014)[2]

Imports $18.1 billion (2012 est.), $27.15 billion (2013 est.)

Import goods machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished

goods, food, consumer products

Main import partners Italy 15.1%

China 12.3%

Turkey 11.8%

Egypt 5.7%

South Korea 5.1%

Tunisia 4.7%

Spain 4.4% (2014)[3]

FDI stock $16.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.), $17.92

billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Gross external debt $5.278 billion (31 December 2012 est.), $6.319

billion (31 December 2013 est.)

StatisticsGDP $41.50 billion (2014)

[1]

GDP rank 61st (nominal)

73rd (PPP)

GDP growth -24%[1]

GDP per capita $15,900 (2014)[1]

GDP by sector agriculture 2%, industry 45.5, services 52.5% (2014)

Inflation (CPI) 2.8% (2014)

Population below poverty line NA%

Labour force 1.438 million (2014)

Labour force by occupation agriculture 17%, industry 23%, services

and government 59% (2013)

Unemployment 20.70% (2009), 19.5% (2011)

Main industries Petroleum, steel, iron, food

processing, textiles, cement

Libya's economy relies heavily on oil. The ENI Oil Bouri DP4 in

the Bouri Field is the biggest platform in the Mediterranean sea.

Currency Libyan dinar (LD)

Fiscal year calendar year

Trade organisations OPEC, Common Market for

Eastern and Southern Africa

V/S

EXCHANGE RATE

GDP

UNEMPLOYMENT

MILTARY

india libya

Government

Type of

Government

Federal Republic Republic

Chief Executive

Pranab

Mukherjee

Nouri

Abusahmain

Second Chief

Executive

Narendra Modi Ali Zeidan

Member of the United Nations

yes yes

libya india

Continent

Africa Asia

Primary

Languages

Arabic Hindi

English

Currency

Libyan Dinar Indian Rupee

Capital City

Tripoli

(Tarabulus)

New Delhi

Political TiesIndia has generally been supportive of Libya in international fora.

Libya has supported India's claim for a permanent seat on the UN

Security Council. India welcomed the UN Security Council resolution

1506 of 2003 that lifted sanctions imposed on Libya and there

followed a series of high level visits between the two countries till

the ouster of the Gaddafi regime in 2011.During the Libyan Civil

War, India abstained from voting on the UN Security Council's

Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authorised NATO action in

Libya. India's response to the killing of Gaddafi was also criticised

as being muted. Although India was among the last few countries to

recognise the Libyan National Transitional Council, it agreed to work

with the Council to help rebuild Libya.India resent an ambassador to

Tripoli in July 2012 having shut its mission in Tripoli in

2011.[11]Libya's new Prime Minister Ali Zidan is an alumnus of

the Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi and a career diplomat who

had served in India in the late 1970s while

the President,Mohammad Yousef Al-Magarief, was Libya's

Ambassador to India during 1978-81.[12][13]

Economic RelationsTrade between Libya and India amounted to $1.35 billion in 2012-13,

with the balance of trade heavily in favour of Libya. Indian exports to

Libya stood at $144 million while its imports were valued at $1.2

billion.Indian public sector companies like BHEL, Indian Oil

Corporation, Oil India and ONGC Videsh are involved in Libya's

hydrocarbon sector and private companies like i-Flex Solutions, Punj

Lloyd, Unitech and Sun Pharma are present in Libya and have

executed projects there. Since the 1980s, Indian companies have

undertaken several infrastructural projects relating to the

construction of hospitals, power plants, airports, dams and

transmission lines in Libya, Although Libya is an oil rich country,

India imports only a minuscule proportion of its oil from Libya.

Indians however are an important part of the workforce in the

construction and petroleum sectors and their remittances to India are

significant

Important Bilateral Treaties and Agreements Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion

(1981)

Agreement for Cooperation in the field of Health and Medical

Sciences (1983)

Agreement on Economic Cooperation (1985),

Cultural Agreement (1985)

Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement

(BIPPA) (2007)

Cultural Cooperation Agreement (2007).

The Government of India from the

very beginning interacted with the

National Transitional Council (NTC) of

Libya in London, Istanbul, Paris and in

New York and had conveyed its

support to the NTC. The formal

recognition was conveyed in

November 2011. The Government of

India provided humanitarian

assistance of US$ 1 million in cash

through the United Nation’s Office of

Commissioner of Humanitarian Aid.

Another supply of humanitarian

assistance, consisting of mainly life

saving drugs and medical

equipment worth US$ 1 million, was

also provided to the NTC in Tripoli in

January 2012.

The Government of India from the very

beginning interacted with the National

Transitional Council (NTC) of Libya in London,

Istanbul, Paris and in New York and had

conveyed its support to the NTC. The formal

recognition was conveyed in November

2011. The Government of India provided

humanitarian assistance of US$ 1 million in

cash through the United Nation’s Office of

Commissioner of Humanitarian Aid. Another

supply of humanitarian assistance, consisting

of mainly life saving drugs and medical

equipment worth US$ 1 million, was also

provided to the NTC in Tripoli in January

2012.